Wasit Journal Of Sports Sciences

The problem of the research lies through the field follow-up of the researchers and their observation of some third-stage students at the Faculty of physical education and sports sciences, Wasit University, as they face difficulty in learning the rotation phase when throwing a hammer, Which prompted the researchers to delve into the depths of this problem and try to solve it by designing an auxiliary mechanical device that simulates the stages of motor performance of hammer throwing, and the study aims to prepare exercises according to the device designed to help students learn the rotation phase and identify the effect of the exercises used according to the device designed in learning the rotation phase and improve some biokinematic variables, the researchers concluded that the design and manufacture of the device to measure the amounts of force similar to the throwing circuit gives accurate results on the amounts of force exerted by the research sample, which saves effort and time for trainers with the possibility of giving biomechanical feedback on it a clear impact on improving student performance. The two researchers recommended the possibility of using the device within the applications of trainers and for all ages and levels of hammer throwing effectiveness players, and the manufactured device can also be used in educational units to measure the special strength that learners enjoy while learning the effectiveness, which increases their motivation to learn.

The aim of the research is to identify psychological integration and its relationship to the skill of shooting in handball for female students. The researcher used the descriptive method in the survey method and the correlational relationships. The research community was determined by the fourth-stage female students in the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences / University of Diyala for the academic year 2022-2023, whose number is (44) students. The psychological integration of female students was high and statistically significant, and the results showed a significant correlation between psychological integration and the skill of shooting in handball for fourth-stage female students / College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences / University of Diyala, and through the foregoing, the researcher recommends paying attention to the development of psychological integration through the use of various programs and methods because of its significant impact on the performance of mathematical skills and academic achievement, and the interest of teaching staff in the importance of psychological integration in the learning process.

The achievement in competitive swimming events holds paramount importance within the realm of participating in Olympic tournaments and individual sports events, where the opportunity to earn the highest number of medals exists. The significance of this research lies in understanding the effect of using innovative methods such as drag ropes and reverse water pumps as supplementary training tools to enhance the maximum speed of short distance (50m) freestyle swimmers in the age group of 15 to 17 years The research objectives encompass investigating the impact of training with drag ropes on developing maximum speed (achievement level) for the 50m freestyle swim among individuals aged 17 to 15 years. Additionally, the study aims to assess the effect of training with reverse water pumps on enhancing maximum speed (achievement level) for the 50m freestyle swim within the same age group. Moreover, the research seeks to determine which of the two training methods produces superior results in advancing the maximum speed for short distance (50m) freestyle swimming among the 17 to 15-year-old age group The research sample was drawn from swimmers at the National Center for Sporting Talent Development, aged 15 to 17 years, using purposive sampling. The sample consisted of 15 freestyle swimmers, representing 65.21% of the total population of 23 swimmers. The results revealed noticeable variations in performance times for 25m and 50m freestyle swimming among the three groups. The experimental group exhibited superior performance compared to the other two groups (second experiment and control) in 25m and 50m freestyle swimming. The observed variations were most significant between the experimental group and the control group. This outcome is attributed to the impact of the training tool (assisting water pumps) employed to enhance performance in the experimental group. Furthermore, training with speed-enhancing tools (reverse water pumps and drag ropes) or similar methods proved to be more effective than other resistance training methods in developing maximum speed in short distance (50m) freestyle swimming events.

The aimed to identify this psychological and social characteristic among the research sample. The researcher used the descriptive approach in the survey method on the research sample representative of the research community, who are the players of the Iraqi youth team in tennis. Football, as the research community was fully represented by 100% in the research sample of (14) players. The researcher used the social cohesion measure previously used in a previous study after presenting it to a group of experts and specialists, and they expressed their total approval to use this measure for this study. After completing all scientific research procedures, the researcher reached a set of conclusions, including:
1- The use of the previously used group cohesion measure was appropriate for the research sample and its objectives.
2- The players of the youth tennis and soccer team have group cohesion, and they expressed this through their answers to the statements of the scale carefully designed for that. According to these conclusions, the researcher recommended several recommendations, including:
1- It is necessary to apply the current scale to the rest of the groups and games to determine their group cohesion
2- Developing and strengthening cohesion and positive collective and social relationships among players through continuous encouragement of this.

The research study aimed to know the personality types of students (A and B), and to identify the relationship between the level of accuracy of the chest handling performance and their basketball. The researcher used the descriptive method in a survey style to suit it with the research sample, and the sample was chosen intentionally, and it numbered (30) students. From the first stage / College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences / Al-Mustansiriya University, and here the problem of the research centered on the lack of knowledge of the personality types of the students and the lack of psychological preparation of the student in the various psychological aspects of sports skills and games. The researcher assumed the existence of a correlation between the personality types (A, B) and the level of... Performing the chest-handling skill. The researcher concluded by knowing the patterns of students and the importance of personality type in order to employ them according to sporting events, as well as the correlation between personality type and the level of accuracy of performing the chest-handling skill in basketball. The researcher recommended identifying the personal styles of students for both genders and different age groups. And how to deal with them in different skills or sports. They must be guided towards psychological compatibility and prepared in a correct manner psychologically and skillfully to help them develop in their performance in various sports.

The importance of the study lies in the tasks of futsal referees, where it consists in the ability of referees to maintain endurance at high speeds under constant working conditions and the development of fatigue resistance under high-intensity loads. The research aims to prepare special exercises based on the Y0-Y0 test and determine the effect of special exercises based on the Y0-Y0 test in the development of speed tolerance for indoor football referees. The researcher used the experimental design of grouping, pre-testing, post-testing, and experimentation in proportion to the nature of the study, its community, and the study sample. The researcher used an intentional research sample. The research sample consisted of futsal referees of the first level, and included an exploratory sample consisting of (2) referees, an authentic research sample, and a basic experimental sample consisting of (6) futsal referees of the same sample. The researcher has come to the following conclusions: that football referees for gyms cannot do without physical abilities in general and the ability to withstand speed in particular, and it has also been proven that speed endurance is irreplaceable because through it the referee can carry out his various activities on the field and their tests for what is characterized by high intensity and for a long time and maintain this activity without a drop in performance. The researcher also recommended using the training curriculum that concerns the development of speed tolerance at different stages of training, taking into account individual differences. Futsal referees should use the yo-yo test and make it part of the training curriculum.

The aim of this research is to determine the extent of administrative empowerment among two physical education teachers in the General Directorate of Education in Diyala (Baqubah Center), the number of the research sample being (100) teachers, through the measure of administrative empowerment by researcher Ali Abbas Fadel / University of Diyala / College of Basic Education, and also The researcher prepared a questionnaire to measure the teaching performance of physical education teachers, consisting of (22) items, The researcher also used the descriptive approach in the form of correlational relationships between the research variables and finding the relationship between them. The researcher concluded that administrative empowerment has a significant impact on the teaching performance of physical education teachers in the Diyala Education Directorate in terms of delegating powers, communication and relationships between teachers and exchanging experiences and information regarding the academic subject and also in the processes of Evaluation, and also encouraging teachers to develop study plans and actively participate in decisions with the school administration, which is considered an application of administrative empowerment.

The aim of the research was to prepare some exercises for the distinctive forces quickly in the effectiveness of an enemy (100 meters) and to identify the relationship of exercises for the distinctive forces with speed on the aspects of speed in the effectiveness of an enemy (100 meters), the researchers used the experimental method with one experimental group for its convenience and the nature of the research, as for the research sample was selected from the players of the Bartella Sports Club, the number of (26 players) from the athletics team, the tests included (an enemy test (30 meters), the long jump test of a Partridge on the right leg in (10) seconds, a second Test and the extension of the arms (shnau) in ten seconds, a sitting test from lying on Back to maximum). The researchers concluded that the development of the maximum transition speed, which was reflected at two enemy distances (30 meters) and (100 meters) in a positive way, which indicates the effectiveness of the training curriculum and its impact on the maximum transition speed through the vocabulary of the training curriculum and strength exercises characterized by speed. The explosive force was developed through the training modules included in the training curriculum, which was reflected on the dimensional tests, represented by the completion of the jump from stability and starting from the starts (30 meters) and (100 meters), respectively.

Concepts are changing and values are changing in our days faster than one can realize because we live in an era of turmoil and instability. The rapid and continuous development of modern technologies does not make people management easier or less important, on the contrary, this management becomes through this development a decisive factor in the success or failure of the enterprise. The aim of the research is to build a measure of career merits, and apply it to administrative staff in the General Directorate of education in Muthanna, in order to identify the reality of career merits, which is an important scientific step worth pursuing, through which those merits can be developed or developed. The scale was prepared through a survey of the opinions of experts and specialists, to determine its axes and paragraphs of each axis, and then applied to the construction sample, which amounted to (100) administrative employees, and after conducting statistical analyses of the construction of the scale ( truthfulness and consistency of the resolution), the scale was applied in its final form to the application sample of (272) administrative Always, Sometimes, Never), and use the periods model (low, medium, high).
The most important conclusions reached by the researcher: is the concentration of the answers of the tested individuals, on the paragraphs of each axis at the intermediate level, except for the humanitarian aid axis, in which the percentage of answers increased at the high level.
The researcher recommended: the need to overcome the weakness of laws and executive regulations specific to how to choose an employee, through the enactment of new laws that take into account the availability of merit criteria in who holds administrative positions.

In the Twenty-First Century, Management has become an integral part of organizations and bodies, and contemporary societies rely on it to upgrade and develop and keep pace with civilizational and technological progress, so it has become imperative for them to be characterized by the ability to adapt to the constant change and rapid development in various areas of life in proportion to the nature of the processes and roles, In order for the sports administration to achieve its goals, it is necessary to have basic principles and rules that chart the right path for employees of various sports bodies and institutions. The aim of the current research is to identify the level of ethical leadership of the managers of student activities departments in Nineveh Governorate universities from the point of view of their sports staff. As well as identifying the level of ethical leadership dimensions of the managers of student activities departments in Nineveh Governorate universities from the point of view of their sports staff. The researchers used the descriptive method to suit the nature of the current research on a sample of sports cadres in the Departments of student activities at the Universities of Nineveh Governorate, and the researchers used the ethical leadership scale designed by (Uzbek, 2022), which includes dimensions (moral qualities, management ethics, human relations), and to reach the research results, the researcher used the arithmetic mean, standard deviation, percentage and simple correlation coefficient. The researchers concluded that the directors of the student activities departments at the Universities of Nineveh Governorate deal according to an administrative approach that adopts justice and transparency in work. The researchers recommend that administrative leaders should be aware of the importance of applying the concept of ethical leadership and its impact on the reality of the organizational reputation of academic sports institutions.

The importance of the research lies in the use of the effect of multimedia educational exercises in learning some scouting skills for students, as multimedia is one of the forms of modern educational technology. The problem of the research lies in the fact that many teachers do not take into account modern media and methods in learning scouting skills, as the stage of learning scouting skills is one of the most important and difficult stages to be taken care of, so the researchers decided to design multimedia educational exercises in order to learn some scouting skills for the purpose of buying time And effort as an effective educational method used by teachers, and the research aims to prepare educational exercises using multimedia and identify their impact on learning some scouting skills for students. As for the research method, the researchers used the experimental approach with the design of the experimental and control groups. (2021/2022), and the researchers reached several conclusions, the most important of which is that multimedia has a significant positive impact on learning the scouting skills in question for the students of the experimental group, and that using and watching multimedia with feedback from the teacher during the presentation works to involve the largest possible number in learning The scouting skills under study, and the multimedia style had a significant impact on increasing students' motivation in the educational units to learn the scouting skills under research for the students of the experimental group.

The study aimed to: identify the differences between the variables of the (force - time) function of the spike between volleyball and beach volleyball players. The researchers used the descriptive approach to suit the nature of the research. The research was applied to a sample consisting of (6) players representing the Nineveh Sports Club, who were chosen intentionally to achieve the research objectives of players who are good at striking on hard and sandy surfaces.. The researchers used the force-time platform to achieve the research objectives. The researchers reached several conclusions, including that the absorption of force by the sand reduces the height of the jump, and that the modifications observed when jumping on sand lead to improved use of pre-extension and thus may enhance stability during the execution of the volleyball smash. The researchers recommended that beach volleyball coaches can use the results of this study to assess the individual progress of each player in mastering the hit using objective criteria, provide feedback to players and develop training progress, and also recommended to emphasize the inclusion of plyometric jumping training on a sandy surface to further stimulate neuromuscular mechanisms that enhance jumping performance.

Judo has witnessed tremendous developments since its inception until the present day. It has been distinguished by its adaptation to the various challenges it has faced throughout the ages. Judo is one of the sports that have been affected by social, technological and cultural changes. These changes reflect its transformation from the traditional Japanese martial art to a global sport practiced. All over the world, therefore, studying the historical development of judo is important, as it provides valuable insights into the development of martial arts over a century, by studying the origins, principles and techniques of judo for the period (1880 - 1980), and also enables us to gain an understanding A deeper understanding of how the art form of judo has transformed and adapted over time. The research aims to document the history of the sport of judo and trace its development from its beginnings in 1880 until 1980, and to enhance understanding of the changes in the rules and techniques of judo, and how they were affected by cultural and social factors, and to analyze the impact of the sport of judo on the lives of individuals. Societies and various cultures, and the researcher adopted the analytical historical approach to address the history and development of judo, due to its suitability and the nature of the problem, as historical research achieves a double advantage in terms of benefiting from the past to predict the future and benefiting from the present to interpret the past, based on historical, cultural and sports scientific sources, including books and research articles. And the official websites of federations and institutions specialized in judo. The most important conclusions were that the founding and growth phase of judo was a decisive phase in the development of this sport, and its founder, Jigoro Kano, played a prominent role in shaping the philosophy and ethics of judo, and judo became a part of education and culture in various countries. This shows the moral and developmental side of judo.

The research aimed to: structure a scale of positive academic emotions among students of the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences at the University of Mosul, identify the dimensions of a scale of positive academic emotions among students of the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences at the University of Mosul, identify the level of ambition among students of the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences in University of Mosul and identifying the relationship between the dimensions of positive academic emotions and the level of ambition among students of the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences at the University of Mosul. The researchers used the descriptive method in the survey and correlational style for its suitability and the scope of the research. The research community consisted of students (first, second, third, and fourth stage) of the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences for the academic year (2022-2023), The number of students was (865), and the main research sample was (413), who were chosen randomly and divided into the construction sample, which was (217) students, representing (52.54%) of the research sample, while the application sample was (93). ) students representing a percentage of (22.51%) of the research population, while the exploratory experiment sample amounted to (30) students representing a percentage of (7.26%), while the reliability sample amounted to (50) students representing a percentage of (1.21%), the sample excluded because Their completion of research questionnaires reached (23), representing (5.56%). To achieve the purposes of the current research, statistical methods were used, which were calculated using the computer program (SPSS). The researchers concluded that the measure of positive academic emotions for students showed good effectiveness by achieving its construction according to precise scientific specifications, there is a positive correlation between the dimensions of positive academic emotions and the level of ambition among members of the research sample, in terms of the correlation coefficient. The researchers recommended educating students about the importance of positive academic emotions, among those in charge of the educational process and Developing a training program to develop positive academic emotions among students because they play an important role in students feeling optimistic and enjoying academic life, paying attention to ways to develop and raise the level of ambition among students by increasing students’ awareness of the future, as well as holding educational courses and seminars on positive academic emotions and their role in learning motivation among students. Students of the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences.

The rehabilitation and health level is one of the indicators that depend on the prevention and Prevention of injuries, so rehabilitation exercises are one of the important basics in modern sports medicine and therapeutic physical education. The aim of the research is to:- prepare rehabilitation exercises to rehabilitate those with carpal tunnel syndrome and identify the effect of rehabilitation exercises preceded by electrical stimulation of the nerve in improving muscle strength and range of motion and pain relief for those with carpal tunnel syndrome. The researcher has used the experimental method as it is more suitable for solving the research problem and the research sample was selected in a deliberate way, they are at the age of (٣٠-٣٥) a year, and the number of (١٢) injured. the rehabilitation exercises were applied preceded by the electrical stimulation process using the T device.E.N.S to stimulate as many muscles as possible around the wrist joint to strengthen their work and their synergy will be graded from ( ٥٠ - ٢٥٠) Hertz . The researcher concluded that the rehabilitation exercises preceded by electrical stimulation helped to improve muscle strength and range of motion for those with carpal tunnel syndrome, and also helped relieve pain for those with carpal tunnel syndrome. The researcher recommends conducting similar studies on various injuries of the body and adopting the rehabilitation exercises prepared by the researcher to treat such an injury in medical treatment and rehabilitation centers .

The negative bias of swimmers 'memory plays an important role in the development or decline of their mental and physical levels, which must be taken care of to be along with the physical, skill and psychological requirements because it has a clear impact on the development or decline of swimmers' performance levels. The research aims to build a negative memory bias scale, as well as design and codify a test to measure the swimming of 50 m butterfly in the research sample, the category of emerging swimmers. The researcher used the descriptive method of the survey method to suit it and the nature of the study problem .the study sample consisted of 55 swimmers emerging in Basra governorate / Abu al-khasib district and Qurna, while the research sample consisted of 34 swimmers, which constituted a percentage of 61.81% of the research community. The researcher reached the following conclusions: the level of negative memory bias was identified in the research sample, a test was designed for swimming 50 m butterfly in the research sample, and the correlation relationship was found between the designed scale and the designed test . In light of the results of the study, the researcher recommends conducting other studies on the same topic of research in other sports activities and the need to develop a special training module for swimmers that includes a thorough and applied explanation of the negative bias of memory to integrate into competitions and overcome all the negative factors that may hinder performance because it has an impact on improving the performance of swimmers .

The tear of the groin muscles of the thigh is one of the common injuries in football, as it represents the majority of acute thigh injuries. The aim of this scientific study is to develop rehabilitation and physical exercises, and to identify the extent of the impact of the rehabilitative approach inside and outside the water on the tear of the groin muscles of football players. The researcher used the method Experimental for one group for pre- and post-measurement. The research population consisted of people with ruptured connective muscles in football players. The study was conducted on a sample aged (18-22) years with 6 people with partial ruptured connective muscles. The most important conclusions reached by the study was development in the muscular strength of the muscles. Macrophages, in addition to the disappearance of the degree of pain, and the development of some physical variables. The researcher recommends increasing attention to the rehabilitation of partial tears of the groin muscles of the thigh for football players inside and outside the water environment. He also recommends including the Copenhagen exercise in the training program because of its important role in protecting the groin muscles from injuries.

The aim of the research was to design an educational program according to aerobic exercises accompanied by motivational music and to find out its impact on some physical and motor abilities of children, the researcher used the experimental one-group approach, as the research sample reached (15) children and a girl aged (5-6) years, as well as conducting exploratory experiment and extracting the scientific foundations for the stability and honesty of research tests, and after conducting the pre-tests, the educational program was applied to the research group within educational units of (20) units in a period of (5) weeks with four units per week, with a time of (30) minutes per unit after that, the dimensional tests were conducted, and then the results were processed According to this, the study recommended several recommendations, the most important of which is the need to adopt aerobic exercises accompanied by music for children in kindergartens because of their positive impact on their physical and motor abilities, as well as creating an educational environment to apply these exercises in kindergarten according to the simplest conditions available and for both sexes because of their benefits and as an easy procedure that increases the opportunities for sports practice.

The research aims to identify the most important variables affecting shooting from jumping high and compare them for the two foot the weak and strong, where the researchers adopted the descriptive method, and the sample was chosen by the intentional method, which consists of (4) players from the Iraqi Sports Army Club, where these variables were studied and their impact on The accuracy of aiming at the two men, and the researchers concluded that most of the players have more accuracy in aiming at the strong leg than at the weak leg, which leads to the loss of many real opportunities during the match because of the players changing the situation or wasting the available opportunity when the position of correction is an opportunity for the weak leg.

The importance of the study lies in the impact of ballistic-style exercises in all sports events, as it is one of the factors of good performance and achieving high achievement through the observation of the researcher found there is a problem in young players in the implementation of skills performance and this was directed to the possibility of weakness in some elements of physical fitness, the most important of which are the muscles of the legs, as it is one of the effective physical abilities affecting the preparation of football players the ball because of its great and influential role in achieving achievement. The aim of the research was to identify the impact of ballistic training exercises in the development of explosive power and some defensive skills of young football players.
The researcher used an experimental approach from two control and experimental groups in order to suit the nature of the research problem, where this study was conducted on a sample selected by deliberate method and consisting of (24) of (the youth of Diyala Football Club) the researcher used explosive force (wide jump of stability ) and some defensive skills in football are both (cutting the ball with the foot – butting and pushing the ball away with the head – Acquisition) the exploratory experiment was conducted on a sample of Bani Saad Sports Club youth players, consisting of (10) players outside the research sample, and after processing the results, the results resulted in significant differences between the tribal and dimensional measurement of wide bounce of stability and some defensive skills and in favor of the dimensional testing of the experimental group , In light of the results of the study, the researcher recommended paying attention to the impact of exercises because it is of great importance in the development of explosive strength and defensive skills in football because it is similar to the process of playing inside the stadium because it is characterized by AIM and high effort and also because of its importance in achieving sports achievements, especially in football, as this sport requires high physical exertion and skill proficiency distinctive players.

The research aims to prepare Sakyo exercises (S.A.Q) for advanced wheelchair basketball players and learn about the effect of Sakyo exercises (S.A.Q) on lactic acid, enzyme (LDH) and some offensive skills of basketball players. The researcher used the experimental method with one experimental group with two Tests before and after to suit the nature of the research, and the research sample consisted of ( 12 players) from the players of the Maysan basketball team. The most important conclusions reached by the researcher were: the appearance of a development in the results of the dimensional test in the values of the following indicators(lactic acid, enzyme dehydrogenase (LDH)), and the improvement of the skill performance of wheelchair basketball players . The researcher also recommends working on building training curricula based on the biochemical foundations of another sample, as well as knowing the experimental impact of it and the impact of the curriculum developed by the coach on the players. And the need to conduct tests "lactic acid, enzyme dehydrogenase (LDH) every intermediate training circuit or every two intermediate circuits to monitor the health status of basketball players.

The research aims to prepare special exercises according to learning means in developing some physical capabilities And the accuracy of the skill of sending the ground tennis game for young players, Baghdad clubs, with ages (17-18) year. The extent of knowledge of the impact of these exercises on educational means to develop physical capabilities such as the explosive power And the distinctive speed of the arm aimed at the accuracy of the transmission skill in the game of tennis. The nature of the problem was The objectives of the research are the ones that define the research methodology for the suitability, so the researcher chose the curriculum Experimental group, one experimental group, in line with the nature of the problem and research procedures Field. The research community with the players of Baghdad Clubs represents ages (17-18) year of tennis ball The ground, some of the ground tennis players were chosen to conduct search on them on the intentional road Because of the availability of research requirements, all of them from a stadium and supplies, and their number reached (10) players with age year, and they were chosen by one experimental group consisting of (8) players, and (17-18) was chosen A player from outside the sample and from the research community for an exploratory (2) experience, where the researcher concluded that The impact of exercises on educational means affected the development of special physical capabilities and the level of performance The skill is for the accuracy of the transmission skill, and the exercises have positively affected the development of the two forces The explosive and distinctive arms of the arms in its skill performance level is under research The sample, and also that the use of modern educational means affected the development of . physical capabilities Study the skill of transmitting in the ground tennis game. The innovation and diversification of the exercises used In the educational units that were of importance in developing physical capabilities under study and accuracy The skill of sending young players for ground tennis, and thus the researcher recommended the use of modern means And innovation to the diversity of exercises and prepare cadres and machines that work to train and learn skills with experience. And an effective experience of such categories.

The current research aims to prepare the motor control exercises according to the control sites to learn some basic skills of basketball for female students and also to identify the effect of the motor control exercises according to the control sites to learn some basic skills of basketball for female students. According to the objectives of the research, the researcher tries to her hypothesis that there are statistically significant differences between the pre and post tests for the two experimental research groups (internal control - external control) for the purpose of learning some basic skills of basketball for female students. The researcher also sought to show the statistically significant differences between the dimensional tests of the two experimental research groups in the sites (internal control - external control) to learn some basic skills for this game. The researcher used the experimental method with two equal groups to be applied to 18 educational units of first-year students of the College of Physical Education for Girls. After processing the data statistically using the spss program, the researcher finds that, female students with internal control are better than female students with external control in learning some basic basketball skills. Depending on the results, the researcher recommends to take advantage of the scale of the control sites of the router to know the students’ attitudes, whether they are internal or external, for the purpose of determining the best use of the educational aids that suit them, and conducting more studies on the control sites with other variables.