Journal Of Wassit For Science & Medicine

This study wasconducted toidentify and characterizethe Candidaspecies isolates from external surfaces of Americancockroachesand houseflies by using Hichrome Candida agar as differential culture medium, germ tube , chlamydospore production and carbohydrate assimilation test. Genotypic confirmation was performed by PCR.The results of this study showed that the predominantCandidaspecies includedC. albicans(44.6%),C. glabrata(23%), C.krusei(19.6%), C. tropicalis(7.4%), C. dubliniensis(3.6%) and C. parapsilisis(1.8%) . All 27 strains indicative of C. albicans and C. dubliniensiswere confirmed by PCR as C.albicans(25 isolates) and C. dubliniensis (2isolates). The study should no difference between the species of Candidastrains from Americancockroaches and houseflies except thatC. parapsilisisand C.dubliniensiswhich were isolated from Americancockroaches. Antifungal susceptibility revealed that nystatin (98%) and fluconazole (89.3%)were highly effective against Candidaspecies,on the hand ,the highest resistance was observed in the case of ketoconazole (16%)and MICs method was excellent for determiningthelevels of dosage pattern foreach species comparewith disc diffusionmethod.

Hepatitis B and hepatitis C was blood –borne viruses. The liver is the second largest organ of the body (after the skin) and the largest vital gland in the body. One hundred fifty four patients were taken for this study 79 patients undergoing hepatitis B,50 males with age range(20-49)years and 29 females with age range(20-49)years, and 75 patients undergoing hepatitis C ,50 males with age range(20-59) years and25 females with age range(20-49)years and 50 healthy control,25 males with age range (20-45) years, and 25 females with age range (20-43) years. The present results appear significant decrease (P < 0.01) in the mean value Hb, PCV, WBCs and PLT in males and hepatitis C but non-significant in hepatitis B when compared with healthy control .Also the results appear significant decrease (P < 0.01) in the mean value Hb, PCV, WBCs and PLT in females hepatitis C but non-significant in females hepatitis B when compared with control group. Whereas the results of biochemical tests appear significant increase (P < 0.01) in the mean value ALT,AST,ALP,total bilirubin,direct and indirect in males hepatitis B and C compared with healthy control.Also the same biochemical parameters was significant increase (P < 0.01) in the mean value ALT, AST, ALP, total bilirubin ,direct and indirect in females hepatitis B and C compared with healthy control group.The of NBT appear significant decrease(P < 0.01) in the mean value of neutrophils(+) in males and females hepatitis B and C compared with healthy control group. The aims of the study is to study of biochemical Parameters, Hematological Parameters and Phagocytic activity by using Nitroblue tetrazolium stain (NBT) in patients with hepatitis B and C compared the results with healthy people.

Aim: the purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of olive oil on the serological and histological changes in rabbits after treatment. And compared the effect of olive oil with of prednisolone.
Materials and Methods: Twenty male rabbits were randomly divided into four groups. Grop-1 control group C. (n = 5) received Distilled water 2 ml /kg b.w./ day / orally and intramuscularly (i.m) injection of normal saline 2 ml /kg b.w./ day.
Group-2 first treated T1. (n=5) received Distilled water 2ml/kg /day / orally and injected prednisolone 2 mg/kg/day/ i.m .
Group-3 second treated T2. (n=5) received 2ml /kg/day /orally Olive oil and i.m. injected of normal saline 2 ml/kg/day.
Group-4 third treated T3. (n=5) received olive oil 2ml/kg/day/orally and prednisolone 2mg /kg/day/i.m .
After 14 days, blood samples were obtained for Red Blood Cell count (RBCc); Hemoglobin (Hb); Pack cell volume (pcv) and serological evaluation of serum lipids.
Animal were sacrificed and samples from Heart, lung and small intestine (Ileum) were obtained for Histopathological study.
Results: olive oil and prednisolone with 2mg\\kg\\day for fourteen days induce significant changes in the RBCc, Hb and serum lipids of the rabbits. While PCV% not induce any change.
Histopathological examination scores were significantly in T1 compared to other groups.
Conclusion: olive oil if effective in reducing damage in prednisolone – Treated rabbits.

Aim: To detect the genotype B of Hepatitis-B virus in patients seropositively for HbsAg in Al-Dewayia city, Iraq.
Methods: Sera from 30 patients with HBV-related chronic liver disease were tested for HBV genotype B using Nested Polymerase Chain reaction toward two sets of type specific primers of HBV genome.
Results: The genotype B was detected in (6/30) samples at (20%) of tested sera, where the PCR product was 281bp, which encode to untranslated region (UTR) specific region of HBV genome.
Conclusion: The Nested Polymerase Chain reaction is a simple method and easy to use, especially in our country where not all of the reported genotypes until now detected, and the present study established that the common genotype of HBV was B.

The influence of physical and chemical parameters on the abundance and diversity of subfamily Chironominae(Chironomidae: Diptera) in Al-Battar river north Al-kut city was studied over a period of eight months(Septemper 2012- April 2013) . Eight species of Chironominae were identified Chironomus plumosus (Linnaeus) was the most dominant made up 42.5% ,Chironomus sp. 17.8% ,Einfeldia sp. 13.6%, Chironomus riparius Meigen 10.3%,Chironomus staegeri Lundbeck 10.3%, Lauterborniella sp. 2.6% ,Parachironomus sp. 1.4% and Parachironomus hirtalatus(Beck & Beck) 1.1%. The results of this study showed that were significant correlations between the species and several environmental parameters.C. plumosus, C.staegeri, C.riparius and Einfeldia sp. this group showed significantly positive correlation ( p<0.01 and 0.05) with water depth and NH4-N and showed significantly negative correlation( p<0.01 and 0.05) with water turbidity. Also this group showed negative correlation but not significant with water temperature and NO3-N. C.plumosus showed positive correlation but non significantly with (pH, EC,TDS and NaCL) and showed no significant negative correlation with DO. One species Parachironomus sp. showed significant positive correlation with pH, EC, TDS and NaCL and this species recorded only in September. Parachironomus hirtalatus showed significant negative correlation with water depth and NO3-N. Lauterborniella sp. showed significant positive correlation with dissolved oxygen. Also showed positive correlation but non significantly with temperature, NO3-N, NH4-N, EC, TDS and NaCL and negative correlation but non significantly with pH, turbidity and water depth .Chironomus sp. showed positive and negative correlation but non significantly with ecological factors, so showed positive correlation with EC, TDS, NaCL, water depth and temperature. This species showed negative correlation with pH, DO, turbidity, NO3-N and NH4-N.

This research deals with the problem of maintaining data, deemed to be one of the biggest problems of health entities. Most hospitals and clinic suffer loss of data saved in databases and unavailability of strong cohesive information systems. The objective of this study is to design and implement a web-based EHR system that can help create a national repository of health data, and will therefore, make the deployment of telemedicine applications easier in the future. The EHR system ables to store the patient information, which normally includes personal information, address, demographics, progress notes, immunization, lab data, Radiology information, past medical history, family history, vital sign, tobacco history, alcohol history, examinations, and so on. The proposed system consists of two another components, Queries system which is built to combine data from different tables by using a combination of mathematical or logical operators, Queries system used to answer on a an academic researchers questions. And the front-end of the EHR system which it is a set of GUI(Graphic User Interfaces) that act as a bridge in between the end users and the EHR system.

Gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT) plays a role in cellular glutathione uptake, which is an important element of antioxidant mechanisms. An increase in serum GGT is thought to be an early and sensitive marker of oxidative stress. Oxidative stress has a role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The aim of present study was to investigate the levels of serum Gamma glutamyl transferase (S.GGT) in samples from patient with Alzheimer’s disease.The study included 67 AD patients and 70 individuals as normal controls . Serum Gamma glutamyl transferase GGT and C-reactive protein (CRP) were determined. The study revealed that the S.GGT activity was significantly higher in patients with Alzheimer’s disease (75±2.1IU/L) than in control (healthy individuals) (25±2.1IU/L). The study was carried out in optimum pH (8.2) and optimum temperature 37ć. The results showed that There was a significant positive correlation between age and S.GGT activity in males (r=0.75); and females (r=0.72). Increase in age was significantly associated with raised GGT levels in control group and patients group. The mean serum C-reactive protein (CRP) levels were significantly (p < 0.001) greater in patients group ((33.9 ± 2.3) when compared with control group (4.8±0.2). The high serum GGT concentration may play a critical role in the oxidative stress present in AD brain and, consequently, may play a central role in the pathogenesis of the disease.

A new complexes of Mn(II), Cu(II), Zn(II), Cd(II) and Hg(II) have been synthesized by reaction of the divalent metal salts with a new tetra dentate Schiff base ligand type N4 as donor atoms derivative from 2,4-diketopentane, 1,2-diamino benzene and aniline, (C28H30N4) N,N'-Bis-(1-methyl-3-phenylimino-butylidene)-benzene-1,2-diamine. All these complexes were characterized by the spectroscopic methods (FT.IR, UV-Vis, and Atomic Absorption) and H1NMR for the free ligand and, along with the magnetic susceptibility, melting point and molar conductivity. From all above measurements data, we suggested the tetrahedral geometry around the central metal ions for the all neutral complexes.

A study was done in Kut City (Iraq), for detection incidence of Salmonella spp. in local and imported eggs samples. For that purpose 120 samples of eggs, (60) local, (60) imported were obtained from local markets during the period from the February up to May 2012. As results, Salmonella spp. was detected in 54 of 120(45%) local and imported eggs: 30 of 60 (50%) local eggs and 24 of 60 (40%) imported eggs. The prevalence of Salmonella spp in local and imported samples varied between year months with the highest prevalence occurring in May (68.7%) in local and (62.5) in imported eggs. The results of statistical analysis showed significant differences (P>0.05) between local and imported samples of eggs, and there was statistically significant difference (P>0.05) between the months year in prevalence of Salmonella in imported and local eggs. The results of this study showed that eggs are a significant source for Bacterial food poisoning that concerns the public health in Iraq.

From the results of the study found that increasing the radius of the curvature of the nose of the punch increases the contact length between the punch and the blank and increases the height of the produced cup with thinning in the curvature between the base of the cup and its wall. The effect of increasing the radius of the punch’s nose on the drawing load was limited (the load decreases slightly with increasing of R). This work aims to study the effect of the punch’s profile (radius of the curvature of the punch’s nose) in deep drawing process of dual-phase steel.

The influence of physical and chemical parameters on the abundance and diversity of Mosquito Species were studied in Al- Naamania Salt Basin North Western Al-kut City during a period of seven months (October 2012- April 2013).Three species belong to three genera of Culicidae were identified from a total of (339) larvae: Aedes caspius (Pallas) (66.o7%) was the most abundant during the period of the study,Culex pipiens (Linnaeus) (18.58%) and Culiseta longiareolata (Macquarrt) (10.02%) .During this study, some of Physicochemicals parameters, such as water pH, Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), water temperatur , water salinity (NaCl), Electrical conductivity (EC) were measured. The results from Statistical analysis showed that Aedes caspius has significant positive correlation with EC (P>0.001) and positive correlation but not significant with NaCl, TDS, PH and temperature. Culex pipiens has negative correlation not significant with EC, NaCl, TDS, PH and temperature. Finally Culiseta longiareolata has negative significant correlation with EC, PH (p>0.05) and temperature (p>0.01) also its has negative correlation but not significant with NaCl and TDS. According to principal component analysis (PCA) there are no relationships between the species themselves.

Bladder carcinoma (BC) is one of the most common cancers worldwide, it accounts for 6.5% of all cancers, with highest incidence in industrialized countries. The investigation of p53 and bcl-2 expression by using in situ hybridization technique on the formalin fixed paraffin embedded sections and studying their relationships with the histopathological variables (type cells, grade, stage, and invasiveness) of bladder cancer was our aim of this work. In this study we have investigated p53 and bcl2 genes expression as tumor markers in BC. In situ hybridization technique was used to quantitate these markers in tumor tissues. A total of 50 bladder cancer tissues were examined compared with twelve cystitis tissue sections as control group. The results revealed significant differences between p53 and bcl2 overexpression (p=0.001) for both markers. A significant positive correlation between p53 and bcl-2 expression with grade) p=0.003, p=005 respectively) and invasiveness were found (p= 0.002, p= 0.007 respectively), while both gene expression were found to be negatively associated with other histological variables (histological type, stage, gender and age group). The intensity of p53 and bcl-2 overexpression revealed correlation with high grade (p=0.005, p=0.04) respectively, and invasive status (p = 0.01, p=0.05) respectively. In conclusion, this study confirms that p53 and bcl-2 play crucial roles in carcinogenesis process and BC management.

The work focuses on the preparation of polymer matrix composite materials prepared from the unsaturated polyester resin UPE as a matrix reinforced by gravel particles with particle size (121.74 nm) as first group type-I GPI of samples and the second group type-II GPIΙ of samples reinforced by gravel particles with particle size (100.16 nm) . This work includes studying the effect of selected weight fractions (0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, and 40%) of gravel particles on the properties of the prepared composite materials, tensile test were done. The results of the present work showed that the values of tensile strength of pure UPE (24.66MPa) was increasing by additional of GPI at weight percentage 10% and however, it gained 25.45 MPa, but decreased at weight percentage (20%, 30%, and 40%) (21.21, 20.98 and 23.87 MPa) respectively. Also the results showed the tensile strength of pure UPE had decreased by additional of GPII at weight percentage (10%, 20%, and 30%) (19.67, 23.31 and 23.12 MPa) respectively, but increasing at weight percentage 40% and gained 27.84MPa. Beside the result shows that the values of tensile strength for composite materials reinforced by GPII is higher than values reinforced by GPΙ. Also the results showed the Young Modulus of pure UPE increased with the addition of 10 %, 30% and 40 % of two types GPI and GPII fillers. Where the samples of UPE \ GPI composites have a highest value of Young's Modulus at ratio percent 40% as compared with other composites samples.

Iraq is facing dangerous conditions in the next years because there is no real treatment for Medical Wastes and Cabbages that cause hazardous diseases. Landfilling is the oldest methods. Iraq doesn't follow EIA and ISO organizations standards. The study determines main sources of pollution in hospitals. The study aims at determining the rates and ratios of weight and bags usages in our hospitals of Wasit Health Directorate in 2010 and 2011. Drainage system is workable in the teaching hospitals using the biological and chemical treatment. There must be health training to workers, building good wastes stores according restrictions of EIA.

This paper evaluates percentage of chromosomal aberration (CA )and mitotic index (MI) in mice bone marrow as a method for assessing the ability of hydro-ethanolic leaves extract of leek ( Allium Porrum) to reduce genotoxicity of Cyclophosphamide (CP) . Mice were allocated in to 4 groups, two negative controls ,the first group receive ( 0.2 ml) D.W. and the second group was treated with (0.1ml) DMSO, the positive control group, (CP) 40mg/kg was given single intraperitoneally dose for 24 hr , while the treatment groups were given different doses of extract (75, 150,200and 250 mg/kg ) for 5 consecutive days and the same dose of CP . Experimental data was analyzed using (one –way ANOVA). The results demonstrated the intermediate dose (150 mg/kg) of extract increased in MI significantly and reduced CA (P<0.01) significantly .This study concluded that Allium porrum leaves were able to reduce genotoxicity of CP and protect normal proliferating cells in bone marrow from the effect of CP.

Monthly variations in Physio-chemical parameters of Al-Garraf, one of the main tributaries of the Tigris river were investigated from October 2012 to April 2013. The study location situated in the south-eastern sector of Iraq and surrounded by wide and fertile agricultural lands. Three stations were selected to. The former is located at 2 km of AL-Haay City as control. The second is situated at distance 2 km away from the former represented study area and the latter station is located at 4 km apart from the second one. Collecting samples monthly, two samples were taken each month . In the present study fourteen physical and chemical parameters were analyzed based on the importance of these parameters. These Fourteen parameters are ranged as following: air temperature (16 to 32) ºC, water temperature (11 to 26) ºC, pH (7.05to 8.35), E.C. (827 to1558) μS/cm, salinity ( 0.54 to 0.99) ppt, DO (7.04 to 10.38) mg/L , BOD ( 0.90 to 7.01) mg/L ,turbidity (31.0 to 177.0) NTU, TDS (550.78 to 1108) mg/L , TSS (38 to 636.5) mg/L 080, T.H (275 to 500) mg/L , Cl- (89 to 184.6) mg/L, NO3 (5.7 to 15.76) mg/L and PO4 (0.15 to 0.5) mg/L.

Diabetes mellitus is a complex multifactorial and heterogeneous syndrome characterized by hyperglycemia resulting from inadequate insulin secretion and/or insulin action. T lymphocytes and macrophages appear to play an important role in mediating ß-cell damage and causing Type 1 diabetes. A case-control study is done during the period from Feb., 2011, through the end of Feb. 2012. The study enrolled 90 diabetic patients divided into three groups Type 1, Type2 and LADA ( 30 patients in each group) who attended in Al Zahraa Teaching Hospital in Al-Kut city & 25 non diabetic as a control to determine the prevalence of islet cell autoantibodies, glutamic acid decarboxylase autoantibodies (ICAs& GADAs) and measured (IL-1Α α , IL-4, IL17, TNF α, IFN γ) as well as the frequency of HLA DR was measured in diabetic patients and non-diabetic control with no family history of diabetes. Serological tests for GADA & ICA (by using ELISA) have been done for all sera of the study groups. Dual set ELISA technique is used for estimating the cytokines levels in the sera of all study groups while DNA extracted from whole blood from all study groups and these DNA were used to detected the HLA DR allele by using HISTO SPOT SSO system. According to the results of this study, Type 1 diabetic patients had higher frequency of GADA 65 autoantibodies compared with other study groups, as eighteen of them (60%) showed GADA positive in comparison to 6.6 % in type 2 DM, 56.7% in LADA and 0% in control group. Furthermore, twenty of type 1 diabetic patients which represent (66.7%) were ICA positive in comparison to 33.33% in type 2 DM, 70% in LADA and 4% in control group. Statistical analysis showed highly significant difference. Analysis of the serum sample showed that IL-1 α levels has been elevated significantly in the sera of Type 1(635.8± 685 pg./ml), type 2 (625.5± 55.86 pg./ml) and LADA (383.2± 533.5 pg./ml) diabetics patients positive autoantibodies in comparison with other groups type 1, type 2 and LADA diabetics patients negative autoantibodies and healthy control (60±35.21 pg. /ml)