journal of the college of basic education

This research aims to find out: (The effect of employing the strategy of the formal organizer in developing the syntactic skills of the students of the second intermediate grade). To achieve the goal of the research, the researcher put the following zero hypothesis:
- There is no statistically significant difference at the level (0,05) between the mean scores of the students of the two research groups in the post reading comprehension test. The researcher followed the experimental approach in the current research, and adopted an experimental design of the type of partial control for the two research groups. The researcher intentionally chose (intermediate means for boys) affiliated to the General Directorate of Education of Diyala Governorate / Khalis District to apply his experience. The research sample reached (65) students, by (33) students. in the experimental group, and (32) students in the control group, and the researcher was rewarded statistically between the two research groups in the following variables: (chronological age calculated in months, parenting attainment, social security events, pretest scores in the Arabic skills test), and the researcher determined the scientific material during The duration of the experiment is (five) topics in the subject and grammar of the Arabic language to be taught for the academic year (2021-2022), and other behavioral objectives for the subject of reading and texts amounted to ( ), and were distributed on the following levels (knowledge, understanding, application, analysis), and prepared teaching plans for teaching research groups, as the researcher presented three models for the subject of language grammar Arabic, according to the research groups, respectively, as he presented it to a group of experts and specialists in the Arabic language and its teaching methods to verify its validity. Developing syntactic skills, and after applying the test to the students of the two research groups, the researcher used statistical methods to analyze the results through the educational bag of a program for the following laws: (and chi-square, and Pearson's correlation coefficient, Siberman Brown), and at the end of the experiment, the researcher reached the following results:
 The students of the experimental group who studied the subject of Arabic grammar and the subject of reading and texts with the formal organizer strategy outperformed the students of the control group in testing Arabic skills, and in light of the results, the researcher recommends the following:
- The necessity of taking care of the teaching of the second intermediate grade students by using the two strategies of the formal organizer, because of the positive results shown by this research by using this strategy in teaching Arabic grammar, and as a complement to the current research, the researcher proposes the following:
- Conducting a study similar to the current study on another subject of the Arabic language (expression, dictation, and rhetoric) according to the steps of employing the formal organizer strategy

The current research aims to know:
1. Identifying social support among kindergarten students.
In order to achieve the objectives of the current research, the researcher selected the research community from the students of the Kindergarten Department - College of Basic Education / Al-Mustansiriyah University. The main sample is (400) female students, and after processing the data statistically, the researcher concluded the following:_ Female students in the kindergarten department enjoy perceived social support.

The research dealt with the phenomenon of grammatical inconsistency in the book Questions of the Glorious Qur’an and Their Answers by Zain al-Din al-Razi (d. 666 AH). To show the magnificence and flexibility of this system, and to add a new significance.

The current research aims to identify the (verbal communication The current study aims to identify the classroom communication skills of Arabic language teachers in preparatory schools. To achieve this goal, the researcher followed a descriptive approach as it is appropriate for the research objective. The researcher randomly selected(38) male and female teachers from the fourth preparatory grade out of a total population of(190) teachers and schools, representing(20%.) These teachers were distributed across(38) preparatory and secondary schools belonging to the education directorates in Baghdad city (Al-Karkh1, 2, 3 and Al-Rusafa1, 2, 3). The researcher used the random sampling method to select the preparatory and secondary day schools, and(38)schools were selected to represent the sample of teachers of Arabic language (the sample of the applied research, The researcher prepared a observation form for classroom communication skills that included three areas, with five main skills and(30) indicators that demonstrate the skills, The researcher used appropriate statistical methods to extract the research results, which showed that Arabic language teachers possess average classroom communication skills in their teaching performance.

The displacement of Ethiopian Jews (the Falasha) is one of the fruits that produced the Israeli-Ethiopian alliance. Israel has employed religious and historical factors, as well as political and intelligence methods, economic pressures, arms deals and international relations in order to pass this migration. The Falasha displacement operations took place in three stages (Musa - Sheba - Suleiman) during the eighties until 1991 and resulted in the displacement of more than thirty thousand Ethiopian Jews to Israel, and the United States of America contributed with its political weight to completing this deal under pressure from Jewish groups and the United States of America and Europe

Human science has graduated to know the facts about the difference in sea waters and the barriers between them that preserve the distinctive characteristics of each sea in terms of density, salinity, aquatic life, temperature, and others. In this research, I have tried to reveal the linguistic, explanatory, scientific and miraculous significance of these barriers, by studying them in three demands. And I reached several results that I mentioned in the appropriate place in this research, and God is the Grantor of success.

This research came to study one of the symbols of the Akhbari school in the twelfth century AH, as it dealt with one of his jurisprudential writings. After relying on God and choosing research to be the subject of my thesis to obtain a master’s degree, I reviewed the catalogs of libraries that contain these valuables. So my share of the investigation was thirty-five issues, to participate in the revival of the Islamic heritage for the benefit of the people in general and the request for knowledge in particular, and here Iwill address the investigation of one of the issues of the manuscript.

Iraq, through its geographical location close to Iran, was influenced by the Babi call, as it was central and southern Iraq, especially in religious places, and it has beliefs in the reappearance of Imam Al-Mahdi (may God be pleased with him), in addition to the presence of the students of Sheikh Ahmed Al-Ahsa’i and Sayyid Kazem Al-Rashti who were preaching the imminent reappearance. These factors helped to spread The Babi call is among the religious circles, and the Bab’s supporters used to come to Iraq by visiting the holy shrines, as the letters of the neighborhood had a role in spreading the call there, specifically Mulla Ali al-Bistami and Qurat al-Ain, who had a prominent role in leading the call in Iraq because of the religious information they possess Eloquence and the power of influence on others, and I was able to run lessons for women in Karbala and Baghdad and worked to change customs and traditions. Qajar in dealing with such beliefs, as Mullah Ali Al-Bistami was imprisoned and then deported to the capital of the Ottoman Empire, while the fate of Qurat Al-Ain was house arrest in the house of the Mufti Baghdad and expelled it and those with it from Iraq. These beliefs were not welcomed and widely attracted by the classes of society because they brought new and unknown matters to them, so they were fought and their spread was limited.

The current research aims to identify (the effect of the FARC model based on learning patterns on the acquisition of grammatical concepts for fifth grade students) and to achieve the two objectives of the research, the researcher put the following hypotheses: There are no statistically significant differences between the average scores of the experimental group students who study according to the FARC model of learning patterns and between The average grades of the control group students who study from:
By checking the formulation of the following null hypothe

The research deals with the nature of the functional tasks of the administrators of the Diyala District and their achievements in the economic, social and service aspects in the period from (January 26, 1927 - March 11, 1932 AD). The year (1927 AD) was determined as the beginning of the research, as it represents the receipt of the governorship, Mahmoud Nadim al-Tabaqjali, the governorship of the brigade. Social, economic and other services in the Diyala district, especially addressing agricultural problems and land ownership, river floods, watering agricultural crops, improving educational and municipal services and delivering electricity to the people, as well as enriching the Iraqi library with academic productions that shed light on the history of (the administrators) in the various development work of the Diyala district in search duration.
The research material was distributed into two sections, an introduction and a conclusion. The first topic showed (the role of the Diyala Brigade administrators in developing the economic reality in Diyala 1927-1930 AD), and the second topic dealt with: (the role of the Diyala District administrators in developing the economic, social and service reality in Diyala 1930-1932 AD). The researcher adopted the descriptive historical approach with an analysis of the most important actions of the administrators and their achievements during the research period. The research was based on a lot of Arabic and Arabized sources and references.
The research reached several results, including: the distinction of those who held the position of (administrator) of the Diyala Brigade in the period (1927-1932 AD) because they were capable administrative employees, and the issuance of some laws and regulations, especially the Brigades Administration Law No. (58) of (1927 AD) and its amendments, had helped The governors of the district enabled them to implement many social, economic and service reforms in the Diyala district, such as addressing the administrative divisions and administrative boundaries of the municipalities of the districts and sub-districts in the district, and paying attention to the agricultural aspect due to the fact that the district is one of the agricultural brigades with diverse crops such as wheat, barley, vegetables, etc., and the efforts of the Diyala district administrators continued to address Many tribal heads and tribal sheikhs in Diyala have benefited from these laws and procedures carried out by the district governor, as large areas of land were registered in the names of clan sheikhs, and the peasants who used to constitute the majority in Diyala society were deprived of it. At that time, which doubled the agricultural holdings of the sheikhs and increased their social power and political influence, and then their favour. At the commanding officer.
The researcher pointed out that the British administration exploited the issue of agricultural properties to consolidate its influence and control over Iraq, including the Diyala District at that time, and the administrators of the Diyala District addressed the problem of watering the farms due to the lack of water and the high level of the farmers’ lands, so they asked the central government to construct a fixed dam on the Diyala River, and it was accomplished The project was in the year (1929 AD), in addition to the interest of the administrators in dealing with the problems of flooding rivers in Diyala, and the great negative effects they leave on the lives of farmers. In addition to developing the electricity service in the brigade. As for the health conditions in the Diyala district, there was no clear change during the research period. While the conditions of education witnessed an aspect of the interest of the administrators by opening many primary schools for males and females in the district in the period (1930-1932 AD). The researcher pointed out the most important reasons for the failure of some of the district's administrators to fulfill their administrative duties, and their lack of urban and service achievements due to the short period of their tenure for reasons related to the policy of the Ministry of Interior and the Iraqi government at the time.

The current research aims to identify the perceived self-efficacy of kindergarten teachers and the differences in the perceived self-efficacy of kindergarten teachers according to the variable of academic achievement and the length of service. And the alpha coefficient and Pearson correlation coefficient) to verify the validity of the scale and extract the results of the research through the statistical bag spss. It was found that there is a semantic memory for kindergarten teachers, and there are also differences among kindergarten teachers for perceived self-efficac.

The current research aims to:
1. Identifying the artificial behavior of kindergarten students.
In order to achieve the objectives of the current research, the researcher selected the research community from the students of the Kindergarten Department - College of Basic Education / Al-Mustansiriyah University. The manufactured behavior scale was prepared from (39) items. which consisted of (400) female students from the kindergarten department, and after processing the data statistically, the researcher concluded the following:
• Kindergarten students are characterized by artificial behavior in a small percentage.

Relations with (The skill of effective communication and building people), and the second domain includes (the skill of self-awareness and empathy), and the third domain includes (the skill of managing emotions and facing pressures), and after extracting the psychometric properties of the scale, a counseling program was built according to the Bords and Dardi model, including (12) a suggested counseling session to improve some skills The life of middle school students based on the techniques of Bandura’s social theory and extracted the apparent honesty of the program after presenting it to a group of arbitrators specialized in psychological counseling and educational guidance

This study aimed to identify the role of civil society organizations in promoting a culture of civil peace among young people in Tubas Governorate in the light of some variables (gender, age, work nature, monthly income).
The researcher used the descriptive analytical approach due to its suitability for the purposes of the study. A questionnaire was designed to collect data that included (30) paragraphs, and after verifying the validity and reliability of the tool, it was distributed to the study sample members.
The results of the study showed that:
The total score for the first field (the role of civil society organizations in promoting a culture of civil peace) was medium, with an arithmetic mean of 3.41.The highest paragraph No. (2) came with an arithmetic average of (4.00), which states: Enhance the ability to appreciate the value of loyalty and belonging to the homeland and humanity.
The total score for the second domain (the most important services provided by civil society organizations to young people) was high, with an arithmetic mean of 3.85.Where the highest paragraph No. (1) came with an arithmetic average of (4.40), which states: Seminars and conferences that benefit and develop youth are organized.
The total score for the third domain (the positive aspects of the performance of civil society organizations) was medium, with an arithmetic mean of 3.41.Where came the highest paragraph No. (2) with a mean of (3.81), which states: It has a role in defending the rights of Palestinian youth.
The total score for the fourth domain (pressures resulting from the negative performance of civil society organizations) was high, with an arithmetic mean of 3.75.The total score for the fourth domain (pressures resulting from the negative performance of civil society organizations) was high, with an arithmetic mean of 3.75.

The aim of the research is to identify intellectual humility and existential intelligence (high and low) among university students, and for the purpose of verifying this, the researcher adopted the scale of intellectual humility prepared by Al-Kalabi (2022), and the scale consisted of (33) items, and the scale of existential intelligence was adopted by (Abdul Razzaq 2012). ) and the scale consisted of (42), and after verifying the psychometric characteristics of the two research tools according to the research sample of (400) male and female students from the university students, they were chosen in a random stratified manner.
The results showed that there is a difference between high and low existential intelligence in intellectual humility and in favor of high existential intelligence, and that intellectual humility is consistent with the prevailing values and culture within the community and that previous experience in dealing with environmental stimuli affected increasing intellectual humility and university students with high and low existential intelligence, and based on Based on the results of the current research, some future recommendations and suggestions have been reached.

The current research aimed to know the moral integrity of kindergarten teachers, and the researcher followed the descriptive and correlative approach in her research. The behavioral component of moral discrimination, the cognitive component of moral discrimination, the emotional component of fixed behavior, the behavioral component of fixed behavior, the cognitive component of fixed behavior, the emotional component of general justification, the behavioral component of general justification, the cognitive component of general justification), the researcher verified the apparent validity of the integrity scale. The morality and consistency of its paragraphs, and its stability was calculated by the re-test method, as the transmission coefficient reached (0.94) and the Alpha Cronbach method, as the reliability coefficient reached (0.98). ), and the sample was chosen in a simple random way, and the research data was processed by statistical means that fit with the nature and objectives of the current research. Ele is:
1- Median , Standard Deviation
2- Pearson Correlation Coefficient
3- Cronbach's alpha
4- T-test
5- T-test for a Single Sample
6- T-test for a Correlation Coefficient
The researcher reached the following results:
-The kindergarten teachers have moral integrity, as the results came with an arithmetic mean higher than the hypothetical average

Climate, with its basic elements (solar radiation, temperature, wind, air humidity and rain), is the most important component of the natural environment in which man lives, because of its effective impact on human health and various activities and infection with endemic diseases through its direct impact on pathogens and their vectors of insects and the reproduction of parasites and germs And viruses and in the multiplication of organisms that transmit diseases or store their microbes, as these appropriate climatic elements provide ideal conditions for pathogens, especially viral hepatitis B disease. Through the study, it appeared that climatic elements do not directly affect hepatitis B disease.
key words :
1-Applied climate: It is a branch of climatology that studies climatic elements and phenomena and their impact on human health, life and activity, and takes data on climatic elements and phenomena and shows their impact on humans.
2-Health: According to the World Health Organization, health can be defined as a state of psychological, social and physical perfection, and not merely the absence of disability and disease.
3-Illness: It is an imbalance in the general safety of the body of a living being.
4-Infection: It is the transmission of pathogens such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites from a sick person to a healthy person who is susceptible to infection, whether directly or indirectly.

In our research marked Imam Al-Razi's(t:666hu) interpretive efforts in his dictionary Mukhtar al-Sahah and dedicated in (Surat al-Cowa model) we showed the following: we relied on two chapters, the first chapter was a translation of the life of Imam Muhammad bin Abu Bakr al-Razi and B. In his dictionary Mokhtar Al-Sahah, where we dealt with two topics, we were exposed in the first research of his biography, which was represented by his name, nickname, title, birth, and death, while the second research dealt with his scientific biography and represented the influence of scholars on it, and the third research dealt with it. Introducing the dictionary of Mokhtar Al-Sahah and its importance and the methodology adopted by Al-Razi when he shortened the dictionary of al-Saha. Then we went back to the second chapter, in which we addressed the interpretive efforts of Imam Razi in the dictionary of Mukhtar al-Saha, which includes in its fold more than 700 honorable Qur'anic verses accompanied by the interpretive material selected from the most important great interpretations with the statement of the linguistic meaning of each of them and then the reference of the readings contained in the dictionary with the linguistic material of each article of the dictionary and concluded the research thanksto Allah Almighty.

This study aims at (the effect of participatory learning on developing reading comprehension skills among fourth grade literary students). To achieve this, the researcher chose a sample of (60) female students from the fourth literary grade in Zainab Al-Kubra Preparatory School for Girls in Diyala Education, Al-Asri neighborhood, with (30) female students for the experimental group and (30) female students for the control group. The researcher studied the experimental group by adopting the strategies of the electronic participatory science entrance and the control group using the traditional method. of experimental designs.
After the researcher identified the scientific material , which included (8) topics from the Arabic language book, which is to be taught to female students in the fourth literary grade for the academic year 2022-2023.
The researcher formulated the behavioral goals of the teaching plans for the subjects, and the final number reached (115) behavioral goals, and the researcher prepared model teaching plans for each of the topics specified for the experiment, and in order to measure the reading comprehension of the students of the two research groups, the researcher prepared a reading comprehension test After applying the research tool and analyzing the results obtained by the researcher statistically, the researcher concluded that teaching by adopting the electronic participatory learning approach in the creative writing skills of the students of the fourth literary grade compared to the usual method. She recommended the necessity of adopting the electronic participatory learning approach in the reading comprehension skills of the fourth grade literary students, and the researcher suggested subsequent studies similar to the current study in the rest of the branches of the Arabic language.

The novelist explained the quality of the main characters and their effective role in distributing their dialogue among the secondary characters in order to complete the process of constructing the whole story.

The religious leadership exercised an important activity in Iran’s religious and political life. Perhaps the Safavid era was considered a golden era in the history of the (religious institution), which extended to the Karjari era. During these two eras, the opposition stood at times and by peaceful coexistence at other times.

This study gives us an overview of the political life of (Ali Amini), one of the political figures associated with the colonial powers in Iran since the beginning of his political life, and he was trying to direct Iran towards the United States and Britain, and the American government pressured Muhammad Reza Pahlavi to appoint Ali Amini as prime minister And with full powers, and that the American pressure was a threat to the Shah in 1961, he was told that if he did not agree to the demands of the new American administration, he would face the fall of his monarchy and presidential system, as General de Gaulle, the Chancellor of Germany and the Chancellor of the United Kingdom, said, despite the American views that seek to support the monarchy in Iran.

In the folk tales of children, women have received remarkable care, as their roles varied between the supportive wife, the tender mother, the successful leader, and others. Many folk tales that were not employed in children's literature, in which women played the role of absolute heroism and defeated men, as in the story of (Sitt al-Hassan), the story of (the bride and the pharaoh), the story of (the beggar's daughter), the story of (the cat and the daughter of thorns) and the story of (the smart girl), and this is what makes us repeat Considering that the environment had an impact on the storytelling directed at the child, it did not give much space to women for many reasons, including: the nature of the society, the dominance of the male society, most of the writers were males.

Industry is the basic base on which countries depend on construction and development, as all types of industries have an effective role in construction and economic development, especially in developing countries. Studying the spatial distribution of economic activity, then analyzing the factors influencing its distribution pattern and the problems it faces are among the priorities of geographical researchers. The problems faced by the floor slabs industry in the study area are addressed and the necessary solutions are developed. The problem of lack of government support has ranked first with a rate of (15.4) among the problems facing the floor slabs industry throughout the study area, while we find that the problem of Poor industrial financing ranked second with a rate of (13.5), the problem of lack of energy and fuel came in third place with a rate of (11.6), and the fourth rank came with the problem of difficulty in obtaining raw materials with a rate of (11.6). The sixth rank, with a percentage of (11.6), while the problem of technology ranked seventh, with a percentage of (9.8), while the problem of work ranked eighth, with a percentage of (7.7), while the problem of marketing ranked ninth, with a percentage of (5.8), while the problem of transportation ranked Ranked last, with a rate of (3.3), and developed the necessary solutions
The floor slabs industry occupies an important and prominent position among the various sectors of industries because it helps to:
1- These industries work in the production of building materials that are very important to the lives of citizens through their involvement in building and construction operations.
2- Employ manpower to complete related manufacturing operations such as manufacturing, transportation, etc.

The study (purposes and provisions related to them) aims to clarify the concept of purposes, by identifying it, and its argument, with an indication of its types and clarifying the types in the Qur’anic verses and the noble hadiths of the Prophet, and then delving into the issue of its paths, with mentioning evidence from the Book, the Sunnah and consensus, and giving examples on it as much as possible.

This research is concerned with the structure of the text. For each text of a structure determined by its own literary genre, the upper structure consists of multiple blocks of blocks, the grand buildings. These large structures consist of a series of aggregate sequences linked in a structural way Or indirectly referred to as the smaller structures of text, the structure is a cornerstone of the coherence of a text and a sign of its interconnection

The present research aims to:
Realizing the effectiveness of an experimental program based on conscious discipline skills in the performance of students applied at experimental of Arabic language, colleges of education is known.
To achieve this, the researcher followed the descriptive approach in the procedures of building the training program through three main stages: planning, implementation and evaluation.
The researcher specified the justifications for building the training program, its philosophy and intellectual premises, its objectives, both public and private. The researcher, moreover, organized the training content and identified training methods and means consistent with the objectives of the training program.
The researcher followed the quasi-experimental approach in the procedures of identifying the effectiveness of the training program on the performance of students applied at Departments of Arabic Language, Colleges of Education. In order to achieve

The study was conducted to evaluate the air of some Iraqi governorates using the Air Quality Index (AQI) issued by the US Environmental Protection Agency (US-EPA). Basra) for the year 2019 By analyzing hydrocarbons except methane NMHC, carbon monoxide CO, nitrogen dioxide NO2, ozone O3, sulfur dioxide SO2, suspended particles smaller than 10 microns PM10, the results of the study showed that the two indicators (carbon monoxide and weight) are within the permissible environmental limits. The rest of the indicators recorded a discrepancy between the permissible limit and the exceeded, and the levels of pollution and the associated health effects showed during the use of (AQI) depending on the concentrations (CO, NO2, O3, SO2, PM10) while converting the concentration values into digital indicators, which showed that the air quality for most The locations of the study area were located within the category (good - very dangerous) .

The research aims to:
1. A curriculum based on knowledge economy skills.
The researcher recommended a number of recommendations, including:
1. The use of the proposed curriculum contributes to increasing the effectiveness of the teaching process, and increases the activity of students in the College of Basic Education and makes them the focus of the teaching process.
2. The proposed curriculum based on the knowledge economy has an effective impact on increasing students' achievement in the Arabic language subject.
The researcher suggested conducting a number of studies, to complement this research, including:
1. Conducting a study similar to the current research on academic stages.
2. Conducting a similar study to identify the impact of the curriculum on other branches of the Arabic language, such as rhetoric and expression
Building the Arabic language curriculum in the faculties of education for departments other than specialization, according to the current research
Method.

In this research, we have dealt with the subject of (Quranic purposes according to Imam Al-Sabouni in his interpretation, Safwat Al-Tafseer), which represents the broadcast of a detective and a teacher. So we presented in the first research (Faith in God), then this topic included three demands, which are the unification of divinity, the unification of names and attributes, and the unification of divinity
As for the second research, it was (belief in messengers and prophets), in which the Quranic verses dealt with the necessity of believing in messengers and prophets, the characteristics and features of the call of the prophets, revelation, proof of prophecy, miracles, and the characteristics of the Muhammadan message.
As for the third topic, it was (belief in angels). It dealt with the noble Quranic verses through seven demands of the obligation to believe in angels and their attributes, the moral and congenital attributes of angels, the number of angels and their names, the worship of angels, the actions of angels, and the plots of Satan in matters of belief in angels, and the comparison between angels and humans, and then The conclusion is followed by the sources and references

The aim of the current research is to identify the emotional control of kindergarten teachers. The research relied on the descriptive approach, and the research sample was (400) teachers from the directorates of education in Baghdad / Karkh side (Karkh the first _ Karkh the second _ Karkh the third). After examining the theories and previous studies on the subject of the research, the emotional control scale in its final form included (35) items. The two researchers verified the psychometric characteristics of the tool. The following results were reached:
Kindergarten teachers have emotional control

The aim of the research is to know (the effect of the hesitating cards strategy in the collection of a subject. The rules of the Arabic language for students of the fourth scientific grade) The experimental approach was adopted as a method. For this research, the experimental design with the experimental and control groups was chosen as a design for his research. The research community consisted of fourth-grade students in the Diyala Education Directorate and from there, It randomly chose Dirar Ibn Al-Azwar Preparatory School for Boys as a sample for this research.
The researcher prepared an achievement test consisting of (50) items as a tool for his research. The honesty and reliability and the used appropriate statistical methods in processing his data was assured . The application of the test reached that there is a statistically significant difference at the level of significance (0.05) between the average scores of the students of the two research groups in the achievement test. In the interest of the experimental group, and in light of this, the researcher drew several conclusions. He made several recommendations and suggested several suggestions.

The study deals with the issue of referral under the name of "Conscientious Referral in the Poetry of Salman Dawood Muhammad". Through the study, it is clear that the phenomenon of referral does not address the structural level alone, but rather transcends the limits of composition after moving from the limits of a single sentence (i.e. the analysis of sentence elements) to the study of larger text units, concerned with a successive series. sentences, and this care led to monitoring new relationships and tools for understanding the text, in a way that achieves cohesion of its parts,

Violence is present in all societies and in our current society in several direct and indirect forms, from physical (physical) violence in which women are threatened, beaten and killed to hidden moral (symbolic) violence, whose results are more dangerous than other types of violence because it causes psychological confusion to the victim. The research dealt with the manifestations of symbolic violence against women in the novels of Lutfia Al-Dulaimi, which tried through its narrative texts to combat violence against women in its various patterns and forms, and to create awareness of its danger, and the need to avoid it in daily life, and here the writer reflects the violent social reality with all the creative elements created by the novelist imagination, to shed light on the realistic violent behaviors practiced against women.

The reasons for my choice of the topic are because; I specialize in the sciences of the Noble Prophet’s Hadith, and my love for studying the hadiths of the Prophet, may God’s prayers and peace be upon him. One of the problems that I faced was the lack of texts in the books of texts, and the importance of the topic. Because it relates to the hadiths of the Prophet, peace be upon him, the second source of legislation, and the objectives of the research; In order to clarify the status of the honorable companions in transmitting what was mentioned about the Prophet, peace be upon him, and I relied in my research on the books of the text of hadith and their explanations, and I recommend researchers to study the hadiths of the Mustafa and clarify them from their sources and pay attention to their scientific graduation; To benefit from it in legal, human and other studies.

The research aims to reveal the geographical factors that contributed to the settlement of these factories in the city of Bani Saad in Diyala Governorate, as well as to study the spatial analysis of the factories that stopped working in the study area. The research assumes that there is spatial variation in the geographical distribution of the discontinued factories in the city of Bani Saad, and geographical factors had an important role in this distribution. The structure of these industries and their geographical distribution and the problems they suffer from through the data and information that the study signed based on the method of the field study and then analyzed using maps and tables and in accordance with the methodology of the study in order to reach the reality of the political, security and economic changes that led to the cessation of these factories.
The research assumes that the stopped industrial factories had an important contribution to the national economy, that the political, security and economic conditions were a major reason for stopping these factories as a result of the conditions that Iraq went through in general, such as wars and siege, and the accompanying political, security and economic instability, economic interventions and foreign policy, all of these Conditions and problems contributed to the suspension of these laboratories.
It was found from the study of the industrial structure of the stopped factories in the study area that they had acquired important industrial branches such as the chemical, food, metal, construction industries, textiles, clothing, leather, wood, paper and electricity. These industries constitute the basic base for the manufacturing sector in any country.
As for the most important recommendations, they were: 1- Supporting newly established small industrial establishments by granting facilities and loans, as well as tax exemptions imposed on new establishments and investors.
2- The need for the statistical and planning departments in the governorate to pay attention to collecting statistical data on industrial activities, which includes realism and reflects the reality of those activities.

The importance of the creative writing skill appears in the impact it achieves in building the student's personality, as it contributes to his evaluation socially, intellectually, and psychologically, and therefore this study sought to search for how to develop it, and the researcher used lateral thinking strategies, which he assumed that it has an effective role in developing the skill of creative writing among fifth grade literary students, and the procedures of the semi-experimental approach were followed, as the researcher adopted an experimental design with partial control, and he randomly chose Al-Karama Preparatory School for Boys to be The research sample, in the same way, chose Division (A) to represent the experimental group by (31) students, and Division (B) to represent the control group by (32) students, then the researcher rewarded between the students of the two research groups a statistical equivalence in: (chronological age, academic achievement of parents, language ability test, and creative writing test), and as for the research tool, the researcher built his test in creative writing skills on the type of essays, and he verified the sincerity and stability of the test after presenting it to a group of arbitrators, and after conducting the experiment, the test was applied to Students of the research sample, after processing the data statistically .

We conclude through the research, that the establishment of the Janissaries came due to the problem of partisanship of the Ottoman army, and also it is an idea that was deliberated between Prince Alaa and Judge Qara Khalil. The other reason for the emergence of this army is the increase in the land seized by the Ottoman Empire as a result of its many wars.
Some historical events are caused by the Janissaries of the Ottoman state were also presented, and we explained the extent of the influence of these forces on the political situation of the state, and in the end this formation was eliminated, after the power of the ruling authority met and the Ottoman people's repulsion from the Janissaries.

research aims to: build an educational program based on analytical thinking and knowing the effectiveness of the educational program in developing the grammatical skills of the fifth grade literary students, and to achieve the first goal of the research: the researcher followed the procedures of the descriptive approach to build the educational program, and to achieve the second research goal: the researcher adopted the experimental approach And the design of the control group with a post-test was used, and the researcher put the following zero hypothesis: There is no statistically significant difference at the level of significance (0.05) between the mean scores of the students of the experimental group and the control group. The researcher randomly chose his research sample consisting of (68) students From Dirar Ibn Al-Azwar Preparatory School, with (34) students from Division (A) and (34) students from Division (B), and the researcher prepared a test to measure the development of grammatical skills. It began on Wednesday corresponding to 10/12/2022 and ended on Tuesday corresponding to 1/31/2023. The researcher recommended to benefit from the educational program in teaching Arabic grammar in the preparatory stage.

This research aims to identify the impact of the Knowledge Keys strategy on the collection of Arabic grammar among fifth grade pupils. The following null hypothesis was derived: "There is no statistically significant difference between the mean scores of the experimental group who study Arabic grammar with the Knowledge Keys strategy and the mean scores of the control group students who study the same subject using the traditional method in the post achievement test."
She conducted equivalence between the students of the two research groups with the following variables: (the chronological age of the students calculated in months, the educational attainment of the parents, the degrees of previous achievement, the Raven IQ test) in the first semester of the academic year (2022-2023 AD), she formulated the behavioral goals for the subjects that she will study, and they were ( 53) a behavioral goal according to Bloom's three levels (knowledge, understanding, application(.
The researcher prepared daily teaching plans for the subjects of Arabic grammar that will be studied during the experiment, in light of the content of the textbook and the formulated behavioral goals. Consisting of (30) objective items with four alternatives, and after analyzing the results statistically using the t-test for two independent samples (for the achievement test), the results resulted in the superiority of the students of the experimental group that studied with the knowledge keys strategy over the students of the control group that studied in the usual way in Achievement test, and based on that, the researcher presented a number of recommendations and proposals that were mentioned in the fourth chapter.

The current research aims to (know the effectiveness of an educational program based on post-constructivist theory in reading comprehension among students of the fourth scientific grade). in the reading comprehension test) and it was based on an experimental design with partial control, and it chose a random sample of fourth-grade scientific students from one of the schools affiliated to the Karbala Education Directorate / Al-Husseiniyah district for the academic year 2022-2023 AD, the research sample consisted of (61) students distributed in two divisions (B) for the experimental group and the number of its students (30) and Division (A) for the control group and the number of its students (31).
The researcher built an educational program based on (post-constructivist theory), and rewarded the two research groups in the following variables (linguistic ability, intelligence, father's academic achievement, mother's academic achievement), and the research tool was a reading comprehension skills test, as he prepared a test consisting of (28) multiple-choice test items, and after conducting the final test, the researcher used the following statistical methods (T test, chi-square, etc.) to process the data, and the result of the research was that the students of the experimental group excelled over the students of the control group.

The current research aims to find out (to what extent educational television applies comprehensive quality standards in the Arabic language lessons offered to the finished classes). The research community consisted of the Arabic language lessons presented by the Iraqi educational television for the sixth literary grade for the academic year (2021-2022), which numbered (27) lessons, and the researcher chose (all vocabulary of the research community) as a sample for his research.
The researcher prepared an observation card for analyzing the lessons, consisting of (55) indicators distributed in (5) fields, and presented it in the form of a questionnaire to the specialists, arbitrators, and experts. to verify its authenticity.
The researcher adopted two methods to verify the stability of the observation card, the first (agreement over time), and the other (agreement with another observer), after the researcher chose a sample of (20%) for stability, as the number of the sample of stability was (13) lessons. The researcher used the statistical methods: Pearson correlation coefficient; , weighted mean, and weight percentile.
And among the most prominent findings of the research: The Arabic language lessons on television were characterized by quality in four fields, and were not characterized by quality in one field, which is (the field of television directing for the Arabic language lesson). And through the results, the researcher concluded: The lessons provided have plans that organize their presentation and cover the educational material with appropriate time periods. The quality he prepared for evaluating TV Arabic lessons, or TV lessons for other educational subjects.
Note: Is the research extracted from a PhD thesis? Yes, the research is extracted from a doctoral dissertation.

This study aimed at identifying the educational effects resulting from Israeli military occupation checkpoints among students of Alaghwar schools passing though these checkpoints daily. More ever , to determine the impact of each of variables of sex ,qualification, years of experience , and to what extent do these effects differ. The population of study consisted of all teachers enrolled at Tubas directorate , these students who cross Israeli occupation forces barriers daily, From the main entrances of the district of Tubas these unmovable checkpoints. The researcher has chosen simple sample consists of (40) teachers from both sex . In order to achieve this , the researcher designed a questionnaire to measure the effects on student achievement resulting from Israeli Military Occupation Checkpoints . The researcher used a descriptive analytical approach and The study findings revealed the following:
-The total mean value of the effects on student achievement resulting from the Israeli military occupation checkpoints among students of all the items and all the domains yielded (87%), this indicate that the effects of checkpoints were very high.
- There were no statistically significant differences at (α=0.05) in the degree of educational effects resulting from Israeli Military occupation checkpoints among students between male and female .
- There were no statistically significant differences at (α=0.05) in the degree of educational effects resulting from Israeli Military occupation checkpoints among students due qualification variable .
- There were no statistically significant differences at (α=0.05) in the degree of educational effects resulting from Israeli Military occupation checkpoints among students due to place of residence .
In the light of the finding of this study , the researcher recommends the following:
1-The necessity of activating the role of academic counseling (comprehensive) to face the educational effects resulting from the Israeli barriers.
2- The necessity of activating the e-learning development to meat the needs of students and academic outreach through electronic means.

The current research aims to know: ((The effect of the Rubin table method on expressive performance)), and to verify the goal of the research, the researcher followed the experimental approach for its suitability to the research procedures and how to reach the results, and the researcher adopted the experimental design with control Partially divided into two independent, equal groups (experimental and control) with a test (post-expressive performance, cardiac and post-critical thinking, and post-thinking). The researcher randomly chose a sample of (79) students from the fifth literary grade in the middle school of Abi al-Shahid Saleh al-Aqili affiliated to the Directorate of Education / Rusafa 3 in Baghdad, with (40) students for the experimental group, and (39) students for the control group, and the researcher studied the students of the experimental group Using the Rubin table method, the students of the control group studied the same topics, using the usual method, and the researcher rewarded the students of the two groups in a number of variables, namely: (chronological age, academic achievement, grades of the previous year, intelligence test and critical thinking test). The researcher presented a questionnaire that included (11) An expressive topic, to a group of experts and arbitrators, and (6) topics were chosen to test the students of the two research groups. ) paragraph after approval It was approved by the experts, and the researcher chose the first semester to teach the two research groups, as the researcher studied the two groups (7) weeks, which is the duration of the experiment, as it began on Wednesday on (10/12/2022) and ended on Sunday on (4/12/2022), and he tested The two groups of topics chosen by experts in expressive performance after teaching the previous topics to students and a pre- and post-test for critical thinking of the experimental group and post-test for the control group for the purposes of his research, and in order to apply it to the two research groups, the researcher used the following statistical methods: (T-test for two independent samples, chi-square 2, and Pearson's correlation coefficient , Eta square equation, using Cohen's equation, and the researcher reached the following result: the fifth grade literary students excelled in the group In the light of the research results, the researcher concluded the following, that teaching by the method of (Robin's table) has improved the level of expressive performance among class students. Literary Fifth in a clear and tangible way, and as a complement to this research, the researcher suggested conducting a number of studies, including a study aimed at knowing the effect of the (Robin's Table) method on expressive performance in other academic stages.

Qahtaba bin Shabib al-Ta’i is considered one of the brave leaders in the Abbasid call, as he began his political life as one of the Abbasid preachers in Khurasan and played an important role in consolidating the pillars of the call there. And he was rarely left behind from throwing them, so they realized his activity and his mission, in addition to his sincerity to the call, so they entrusted him with the leadership of the Abbasid army, and Qahtaba and his son Al-Hasan were able to subjugate the cities of Khorasan and other regions to his influence, and he showed great ingenuity in leading the Abbasid army and achieving great victories over the Umayyad army, and in the end the Abbasid army entered Iraq However, Qahtaba was lost in one of these battles, and thus the life of this great leader ended.

The issue of education is of great importance as it is the basic foundation for human formation in developed societies. Here, reference can be made to the reality of education in Iraq, from the Ottoman rule until the establishment of modern universities and institutes. Education, including the establishment of a school under the name (School of Staff), the aim of its establishment was the participation of all categories and those qualified to manage government departments, and he worked to develop a curriculum for it according to his plan to advance the cultural and educational level, as its curriculum included the principles of architecture, road engineering, agriculture and military sciences, as well as the establishment of a school specialized in science Engineering called the School of Engineering.

The current research aims to identify: the percentage of knowledge economy skills included in the Arabic language textbook for the first intermediate grade. Which helped prepare a list that included (7) seven main fields, and (40) forty sub-skills distributed over the fields of the knowledge economy as follows: (the knowledge field, the technological field, the communication field, the mental development field, the social field, the economic field, and the evaluation field). (Questionnaire) in its final form, with an agreement rate of (88%), and the researcher adopted the descriptive analytical approach, and he used statistical methods (statistical bag), and the Excel program to process the results of the research, and applied the following equations: the triple weighted mean, the Cooper equation, and the percentage weight, And the percentage, and the results of the research showed that the Arabic language books for the intermediate stage included the skills of knowledge economy in close proportions except for the skills of the economic field), where the skills of the technological field got ranked With a rate of (66%), the skills of the cognitive field ranked second with a rate of (62%), the skills of the field of assessment ranked third with a rate of (48%), and the skills of the field of mental development ranked fourth with a rate of (43%). Communication skills ranked fifth with a rate of (31%), social skills ranked sixth with a rate of (24%), and economic skills ranked seventh and last with a rate of (7%). Recommendations:1. The necessity of following up the authors of the Arabic language textbook for the first-grade stage in the percentages of including knowledge economy skills, and working to reconsider and achieve a balance in them.Suggestions:1. Conducting an analytical study of the Arabic language textbooks for the preparatory stage in the light of knowledge economy skills.

The current research aims to identify the "effect of (Neale) model on reading comprehension among second grade intermediate students."
To achieve the aim of the study, the researcher followed the experimental approach with partial control and the experimental design based on two groups, the experimental group and the control group, and the post-test. He randomly chose Division (A) to represent the experimental group that studies reading subjects using the (Neale) model, and Division (C) to represent the control group. Which studies reading topics in the usual way, and the research sample reached (64) students, by (33) students in the experimental group and (31) students in the control group. The researcher conducted statistical equivalence between the students of the two research groups in the following variables: (chronological age calculated in months, educational attainment of the parents, grades of the Arabic language for the second semester of the previous year, grades of linguistic ability test, and grades of the Raven test of intelligence), and they prepared a reading comprehension test consisting of ( 30) paragraphs, and the researcher studied the two research groups himself during the experiment period, which lasted (eight weeks of the first semester) for the academic year (2021-2022), and they used the following statistical methods (T-test for two independent samples, and square kay) ), Pearson's correlation coefficient, difficulty and discrimination coefficient for the test items, the effectiveness of wrong alternatives, the Queder-Richardson equation (20) and the ETA equation. After analyzing the data statistically, the researcher concluded the following:
" there difference with indication Statistic when Level (0.05) between Average grades students the group Experimental Whose are studying Using the Neale model style, and average grades students the group the officer Whose are studying the way Ordinary ".

The Bani Hassan tribe emerged as one of the Iraqi Arab tribes that played a key role in many political events in Iraq during the royal era, and had a clear impact on building the modern Iraqi state. The research aimed to reveal the political impact of the Bani Hassan tribe in the period from 1935-1941 AD. The research concluded that there was no desire for the Bani Hassan tribe to participate in partisan life in Iraq, and the Bani Hassan tribe intervened in the political events in Iraq. In the face of the development of the internal political situation in the country, they coordinated their positions with other clans, and their movements were supported by the supreme religious authority in Najaf. They also stood against the policy of the second ministry of Yassin al-Hashemi (1935-1936) and refused to cooperate with it because it neglected the social, political and economic reforms that the clans of the Middle Euphrates were calling for. Including the Bani Hassan tribe. Their participation in the Mays 1941 movement was characterized by its swing and its semi-neutral stance on the movement. Their clans spared the actions of Regent Abd al-Ilah and the Iraqi government after the failure of the movement.

Speech is a means of communication intended to convey meaning in order to exchange ideas, and this necessitates that there be proportionality between the word and the meaning it denotes, and there must also be harmony between the signifier and the idea it carries, and the context in which it is contained. It witnesses a clear and remarkable semantic consistency, and one of the forms of this semantic consistency is the semantic coloration that follows the change in the reading of some words in the hadeeth text. The parsing aspect, and this is what this research has proven. It has been shown that there are phenomena in the hadith text that differ in their reading, and this difference led to a difference in the lexical meaning. The recitation of the word and the difference in its meaning may not change its compatibility with the text in which it was mentioned, or it may change slightly, which in turn helps to strengthen the other reading of the word. This is what we found by analyzing the hadith texts that included semantic phenomena that differed in their reading.

This research aims to identify (the impact of the 5WS & 1H strategy on the achievement of the fifth grade students in the subject of the grammar of the Arabic language), the researcher followed the experimental curriculum, and relied on an experimental design with partial control, which is the design of the experimental group and the control group in the post -test, the researcher chose his formed sample sample From (63) pupils, experimental (31) pupils, the officer (32) students at the Junaid Primary School of the General Directorate of Karkh First Education in Baghdad Governorate, and the statistical analysis sample consisted of (153) students.
The researcher has rewarded among the students of the two groups of research in a number of variables, including: the timeline of the students calculated in the months, the grades of the Arabic language for the previous year and the academic achievement of parents, the previous knowledge test, the test of intelligence, then tried to control a number of exotic variables that previous literature and studies indicated that they may It affects this type of experimental designs. The researcher prepared an achievement test as a tool for research consisting of (30) paragraphs distributed between two questions, the first consists of (20) paragraphs of the multiple choice type, and the second consists of (10) paragraphs of the type of correct and error, applied to the search, experimental and control groups at the end Experience, using the two independent samples test, resulted in the search for the following result:
The presence of a statistically significant difference at the level of significance (0,05), as the students of the experimental group who studied the subject of Arabic grammar exceeded the 5WS & 1H strategy on the students of the control group who studied the subject of Arabic grammar itself in the traditional way.

The abrogated nominal sentence (restricted) by letters includes two parts (that and her sisters), and (la) that negates gender, and is likened to (not), and it included her sisters and an indication of each type in it, in addition to citing poetic verses in Al-Sarsari's collection.

Culture is a general framework that brings together the people of the same nation, unites their thinking, and makes them defend their cultural components. Cultural security is formed from the heart's sense and awareness of belonging to a particular nation or people. Therefore, culture preserves the unity of its children, and cultural practices diversify and intersect with nations in light of the era of digitization, and through cultural identity, the nation proves itself. And its existence and fortify its self, cultural and historical identity.
Cultural digitization, with its good deeds and good fruits, carries fears over the civilizations of nations and their gains, and confusion may be mixed with bombs, and the dye of power prevails over culture, and globalization spreads from its widest gates.
The danger to our nation lies in its weakness in the areas of progress in its various aspects. From here, the subject of the study will be Arab cultural security, which deals with: linguistic security, equal culture, and globalization, which is the culture of normalization with control and hegemony. The study will present some examples in which the cultural security breach occurred, namely: social media, areas of life, and educational institutions.

This study dealt with(the impact of climatic elements (their characteristics - modern trends) on the Azolla plant in district) by clarifying the elements of the climate in the study area and analyzing these various climatic elements.one climatic station (Baghdad station) and the time period( 11) years of the year (2011-2021)were chosen for this purpose. these various climatic elements were studied, including temperature (great - minor), rainfall, relative humidity, wind speed and direction, relative humidity and rainfall . This study has found, however, that the temperature is very suitable in the study area for planting Azolla plants in the months when the temperature is high and is not suitable when the temperature is low because the low temperature leads to a halt in plant growth unless protected by covering the plant in nylon material. The wind speed is very suitable for planting Azolla plants in the study area and relative humidity is not suitable for plant cultivation because of its low rates.

Large industries have great importance because of their impact on the economic sector, so it is necessary to study their structure and geographical distribution, as this research came to identify their position and structure in Iraq, as well as their geographical distribution. (719) establishments for the year 2020, in addition to the increase in the number of workers in them, which reached (126,790) workers. New industries, while the rate of change in the number of workers decreased as a result of the referral of a large number of workers to retirement, and the research also touched on the structure of large industries in Iraq. Food ranked second, while other industrial branches decreased, such as the mining and quarrying industry, basic mineral industries, and wood industries. As for other indicators, the chemical industries came in first place. The spatial distribution of the total large industries in Iraq was studied, and with the help of several indicators, and it became clear that there is a discrepancy in This distribution is between the governorates of Iraq, and also a study of the spatial distribution of the branches of large industries in Iraq using the number of establishments index, as this distribution varied, as the number of establishments of certain industrial branches increased in certain governorates and the decrease of other branches, as a result of various factors and reasons, such as the increase in the number of industrial establishments food in Baghdad governorate due to the high number of the population and the availability of raw materials.

This research is the first in Iraq as it has never been researched by specialists in curriculum science, and it represents an addition to the specialized educational library. The current research aims to shed light on the education system in South Korea and the choice of the target was motivated by the researcher as a complement within a series of comparative studies planned to be carried out in the future, as well as that the education system in South Korea was the cause of the qualitative leap achieved by South Korea at various levels. Such theoretical studies are at the heart of the work of curriculum theorists, which is beneficial to curriculum development and re-engineering. The research came with three chapters representing the first chapter with an introduction to the research its importance, goal and limits and a preliminary review of the education system in South Korea and the general goals of education in it, while the second chapter included a theoretical framework and previous studies, while the third chapter reviewed the researcher in field procedural systems in education in South Korea, results and recommendations
1st chapter