NABIYUNA JOURNAL

The Jewish orientalists were famous for being among the first to translate the Noble Qur’an into Hebrew and European languages. It was their endeavor in their work in order to achieve cultural, religious, and perhaps political goals as well, behind these translations. These translations have gained remarkable importance and created an important scientific current in historical and other studies. Realistically, however, it provided misleading translations for Jewish and non-Jewish Orientalists, because they mainly included errors and confusion of subjects, demands and validations, which had a profound impact on Islamic studies in the West. There was a lot of misunderstanding, haste to draw conclusions, and superficiality arising from the wrong translations of the Holy Qur’an in Europe. This biblical view remained prevalent in the studies of Jewish orientalists in Central Europe after the study of Geiger and Reikendorf exemplified by the study of the orientalist Ignaz Goldziher in his well-known book Uber Muhammadanische Polemikm gegen Ahl-kitab meaning "An overview of the Muhammadan controversy against the People of the Book" and the study of the German orientalist Joef Josef Horovitz, the legend of Muhammad zur Muhammadlegende and the other German orientalist Rudolf Sellheim; and the German Jewish professor, Haim Zeef Hirschberg, who died in 1976; The orientalist Karl-Heinz Ohlig; Michael M. Laskier, Professor Michael Cook and others. In contrast to this fanatical Jewish trend, Central Europe witnessed the emergence of a current and another trend represented by studying and analyzing the hadiths of the Prophet and the oral Islam

In spite of the many stabbing and malicious writings of the orientalists, modernists, and those new atheists regarding the Prophetic biography, but the biggest incident that received their great attention was the judgment and decision that attributed to the Messenger of God (may God bless him and his family) in the battle ( ghazua) of Bani Qurayza, in which he ordered - according to the accounts - the implementation of the judgment of Sa’ad bin Mu’adh to kill all those who have reached the age of majority from that tribe, and with which in some accounts reached 900 fighters, most of them are young teenagers.
Although all of these claims of different views those who so interest in applying the historical approach to the events, with its two sub-categories: the external and the internal approach,in order to distinguish the correct from the weak, and the acceptable from the reward, but, in this particular incident, they abandoned that method, and they only content themselves with listing the accounts that mentioned in the sources of the noble Prophetic biography, and, with it, the various justifications mentioned by the defenders of the accident.
And thus was also the method of respondents to those appeals; and with the strictness in many of the accounts related to contractual issues, or that which related to the jurisprudential decisions, or ev en in some historical attitudes but in this particular incident did not adopt this method that was highly considered in the Sharia ( Islamic Law), but instead they were rather adopted the method of justification ,as given that Banu Qurayza had done and practiced crimes in which they deserve the verdict of which they were sentenced.
And the best of those who respondents are , those who quote texts from the Bible and the old scriptures in favor of that decision , in which he considers that Sa’ad bin Mu’adh applied the judgment of the scripture in those who violate the covenants, and that by doing so he applied to them the law that was approved by them.
Unfortunately, these justifications did not increase the clarity of that suspicion, but rather these same justifications have become a pretext for accusing Islam of terrorism, violence and killing children, and other charges that are spread in books, websites and on satellite channels.
Rather than , the matter reached what is more dangerous than that, as armed terrorist groups adopted such of these accounts, and such of these attitudes from certain scholars in justifying them, in order to seek legal excuses for their crimes, claiming that they are thus applying the Sunnah of the Messenger of God (may God bless him and his family) in traitors.
Based on this, we are trying in this article to overcome these justifications, and adopting the skeptical approach in the same incident depending on the rules on which the historical method ‘s is based upon .An approach which does not give any historical event any luck of credibility before it becomes evident and certain, and all the symptoms and obstacles that prevent it are to be removed.
We see the generalization of this approach and method on all accounts that offend moral and religious values in the noble Prophetic biography ( AL- Sira al- Nabwiyya), as it is the legal approach that reveals the frauds that the prejudices tried to attach to religion and tried to distort the Prophecy and the great values .
In fact, this approach has two tools, which we are trying to apply to these accounts:
The first practice :is the external criticism of historical traditions : It depends on the consideration of the extent of its evidence through the ways in which its foundations ( Asanid) were narrated, and are they frequent or famous, or from the Ahadi hadiths?
The second practice : the internal critique of historical traditions :and this is depending on looking at the traditions themselves, and whether they are consistent, regular, or confused and ? And if they are then compatible with other accounts and judgments that have occurred in their counterparts, or are they abnormal about them?And if they are after all consistent with the holy Qur’an and the definitive of the Sunnah of the Prophet or else different with it?

The research confirms the Koranic verses according to the theory of Text that the Holy Quran is the constitution of the Islamic State: The people , territory or land and a government called the Koran (Alwilaya), and then clarified the duties of the Islamic government, and expanded research in terms of governance or mandate, the researcher has stood long in the mandate of the great Prophet and his Ahl-Albait (Be peace upon them) and ended up talking on the historical aspect of the religious mandate parallel to the official governments to inherit the righteous people, God said: "We have written in Zabur after the mention that the land For the good [prophets: 105].

The subject of biography is a very important historical subject, because
it documents an important part of the biography of the Islamic message,
And what is related to the message and the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon
him and his family), and what happened from birth until his death, The biography
of the Prophet means the biography of the legislator, the medium between the
creator and the creature, After reading many of these topics related to the Proph�
et’s biography, we see that this biography has been written in contradiction to the
Islamic doctrine in the Prophet and the Prophet in multiple resources,
I tried in these modest lines to shed light on some of the problems contained
in the biography when it is presented on the doctrine, I have mentioned certain
texts for reading a contemplative reading on the basis of history and doctrine
through the demands of five suffixes after introduction.