Journal of Kerbala University

The long memory or long dependency (LRD) implies that the process is made up of many temporal correlations, and that the sum of the autocorrelations is slowly decreasing. Due to the length of the time series, hidden seasonal and periodic components arise in this type of series that cannot be detected through the temporal method of analysis, but through the iterative method of analysis. so non-parametric estimators have been proposed Lomax Kernel estimator, Reciprocal inverse Gaussian Kernel estimator) And compare it with by RMAD statistic. To determine the best method, simulation was used, and the results showed that the Lomax Kernel estimator was the best for its ability to detect hidden components, and it also had the lowest value for the RMAD statistic. It was applied to real data for a time series related to respiratory diseases. Kernel estimators are considered to have good advantages in the spectral analysis of time series. We also show that these infections are greatly affected by seasonality, which recurs approximately every 8 months, and its duration is not short, as it lasts for approximately 3 months

Objective: The SARS-CoV2 vaccines are the most effective and promising way to fight this widespread viral pandemic, but there is little information about which vaccines are better for various populations, particularly among Iraqi people living in Karbala Province. Thus, the aim of the current study is to investigate the differences in IgG and IFN γ concentrations generated against three types of vaccines available in Iraq.
Method: Cross-sectional study was conducted between November 2021 and April 2022. A blood sample was obtained from 174 vaccinated persons. SARS-CoV-2 IgG levels were detected using SARS-COV-2 IgG II quant assay on the ARCHITECT I system and interferon gamma level detection was performed utilizing human IFN- (interferon).
Result: Out of 174 vaccinated persons. Ninety subjects were men and 84 were women with ages ranging from 18 to 70 years. AstraZeneca and Sinopharm's vaccines had lower IgG and IFN γ concentrations as compared to Pfizer's vaccine. Significant differences among the three types of vaccine within both age groups was observed. The mean IgG concentration was higher in males than females in subjects vaccinated with Pfizer and AstraZeneca. No significant differences in IFN-γ according to age. The mean level of IFN γ in females were higher than that in males in subjects vaccinated with Pfizer and Sinopharm.

The aim of the research measures of the noise levels at the main traffic intersections in Baghdad city and to indicate their health effects on citizens and to identify their various sources which are difficult to control by using a noise level meter. The results of this study showed that the noise levels at all measuring sites are high, which compared with the permissible limits of the World Health Organization (WHO) and proposed determinants of the Iraqi environment Ministry. The highest level of noise is reached (94 dB) in the Al-Tahrir Square intersection in the Al-Rusafa side, while the lowest level of noise in Palestine Street, reached (77dB) in the Rock Restaurant intersection. In the Al-Karkh side, the highest level of noise reached (93 dB) in the Al-Bayah intersection, while the lowest level of noise reached (80 dB) in the Mr Milk intersection at Al-Mansur city.
The reason for these increases in noise levels is due to transportations and crowded traffic impact, besides, most of the Baghdad areas are densely populated with an increase in the service and commercial areas. Also, an increasing of vehicles and motorcycles number for all types that using the excessively alarm, especially by the young people who are driving the vehicles and some young people are using the sports vehicles or dual-exhaust. All measurements of noise levels in traffic intersections of Baghdad city It may adversely effect on the health of the city's residents, especially hearing sense; the nervous system and neurological tensions which could be lead to a mental breakdown — also causing unbalanced reactions such as straying mental and reduce the ability to concentrate, as well as high blood pressure and others.

Burns are a severely debilitating class of wound. Pseudomonas aureugnosa is one of most common bacteria that associated with burn infection. Hypertonic glucose solution considered as a new approach to control chronic wound infections. To study the effect of glucose solution (at different concentrations) on the growth of P. aeruginosa and on their biofilm formation (for both resistant and sensitive isolates), Four P. aeruginosa isolates were isolated from swab samples taken from different sites of burn’s patients whom admitted to Al-Imam Al-Hussain Medical City. Antibiotic susceptibility patterns were determined and the effect of different concentration of glucose solution on growth and biofilm formation were studied.
The results showed that the growth of all isolates (resistant and sensitive) were reduced for more than 50% after 5 hours of incubation and this reduction increases both with the increasing of glucose concentration and with the increasing of time of exposure of the bacterial isolates to the glucose solution. The biofilm formation was increased in the presence of glucose solution with the used concentrations with the exception of the concentration of 100 mg in which the biofilm formation was inhibited in comparison to controls. Regarding Biofilm eradication assay, the formed biofilm layer was partially eradicated in the glucose concentrations of 50, 100 in most of the isolates.
In conclusion, Hypertonic glucose solution in different concentrations has inhibitory effect (both concentrations dependent and time dependent) on growth of sensitive and resistant bacteria. The inhibitory action of the glucose against P. aeruginosa biofilms was found in the lower concentration of glucose solution whereas higher concentration of glucose increased the biofilm formation. none of the concentrations revealed the complete destruction of biofilm.

The study was conducted between a February to July of 2021 on 110 subjects (80 alcohol consumers and 30 non-alcohol consumers as control group) in the Babylon Province. The ages of the subjects ranged between 20 and 45 years . Blood samples have been tested to investigate the following parameters: Effect of alcohol consumption on complete blood picture (CBC), Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), serum iron, TIBC and the activity of the liver enzymes (AST and ALT). Results of this study showed significant decrease (P <0.05) in Hb , RBCs , WBCs , ESR , PCV, MCV, MCH and MCHC , as compared with results of the control group. On the other hand, significant rise in the activity of AST and ALT enzymes was seen. Effect of alcohol on serum iron and TIBC of blood serum indicated that there was a significant decrease (P<0.05) in serum iron with a significant increase (P<0.05) in TIBC of blood serum relative to control group. Therefore, this study confirm that alcohol consumption can lead to anemia especially Iron-deficiency anemia and cause damage to the liver tissues.

We introduce in this research, new types of fuzzy ideals of an algebra of type KU : Fuzzy Complete Ideal, Fuzzy E-Ideal and Fuzzy Complete E-Ideal, respectively. In addition, some propositions explained relationships with these fuzzy ideals types