Diyala Journal of Human Research

This study seeks to reveal the definition of the familiar place as one of the main components in Arabic poetry in Andalusia, as well as to investigate the manifestations of place in Arabic poetry in Andalusia among examples of Andalusian poets in two different eras, as well as, it’s seeks to know the connotations of place and its manifestations in specific examples of Ibn Zaydoun’s poetry., in which places such as Cordoba, Al-Zahra Palace, Tortosa, and Badajoz, whether the creative discourse related to those places is in which the poet organizes his poetry in isolation from the main place that shaped his poetic experience, such as the city of Cordoba, the incubator of the Islamic caliphate in Andalusia, as well as whether the place relates to specific people or is it a hero in itself, and whether Ibn Zaydoun’s poetic settings were formed in isolation from poetic time. Thus the researcher started from those previous hypotheses, which made the study more flexible and remarkable.

Flood waves are one of the dangers that threaten residential areas adjacent to rivers. At the same time, it represents a geomorphological limitation to urban expansion. Simulation of flood wave propagation is necessary to assess flood risks to provide necessary precautions. In this research, a two-dimensional HEC-RAS model was used to simulate the flood wave in Alwand River. The main objective is to analyze the spread of the flood wave so that its risks can be assessed in the areas and neighborhoods of the city of Khanaqin. This enables those who live near the riverbed and those who trespass against it to search for other safer areas in order to preserve their lives and property. It also enables the local and central government to provide contingency plans in a timely manner to reduce or avoid losses as much as possible. The hydrodynamic model was used for the propagation of the flood wave in the direction of flow, and the effect of the flood was derived when it reached the course of the Alwand River. Flood maps were prepared in RAS-Mapper in terms of water surface height, water depth, flow velocity, and flood arrival time. The maximum recorded values were: 105 m (a.m.s.l), 18 m (a.m.s.l), 5.5 m/sec. The flow velocity decreased from Alwand Lake passing through the city in the study area. This means reducing the risk of erosion in areas further downstream. Inundation maps indicated the classification of water depth and runoff velocity as catastrophic limits on the study area. The results provided a way to predict the extent of the flood. And showed that the impact of flood risks will be serious. Hence, there is a need for proper management to overcome these risks. In addition, the maps resulting from this study will be useful for developing plans for the successful management of floods in the region.

This research aims to find out (the effectiveness of the “Shor” strategy in the literary achievement of fifth grade students in the Arabic grammar subject.) To achieve the goal of the research, the researcher developed the following main hypothesis:
“There is no statistically significant difference at the level of (0.05) between the average achievement scores of the experimental group students who study Arabic grammar using the (Shor) strategy, and the average achievement scores of the control group students who study the same subject using the traditional method.”
To achieve this goal, the researcher adopted the experimental method, and the researcher chose the experimental design with the experimental and control groups, which is one of the partial control designs. As for the research sample, the researcher chose one of the preparatory schools for boys affiliated with the Diyala Education Directorate / in the city of Baqubah, which is Ibn Al-Nadim Secondary School located in Baqubah / Tahrir district
The number of students in the fourth scientific grade in the school reached (60), with (29) students in each group. Then the researcher rewarded the two groups in the variables (chronological age, grades of the first course in Arabic grammar, academic achievement of the parents, intelligence test, linguistic ability).
The experiment continued for a full semester, which is the second semester of the academic year (2021-2022). The same researcher taught the research sample using the “Shor” strategy for the experimental group, and taught the control group in the usual way. The researcher prepared a post-achievement test consisting of (50) test items that fit the content of the subject. After ensuring its validity and reliability, and conducting the necessary statistical analysis for it, they were applied to the research sample, and after processing the data statistically using the t-test for two independent samples (t-test), the statistical results showed that there was a statistically significant difference between the average achievement scores of the students in the group. The experimental group who studied the Arabic grammar subject using the Shor strategy and the average achievement scores of the students in the control group who studied the same subject in the usual way for the benefit of the experimental group.
In light of the research results, the researcher reached a number of conclusions, including:
1- Teaching with the “Shor” strategy has proven effective in increasing the literary achievement of fifth-grade students in Arabic grammar
2-Using the “Shor” strategy increases students’ vitality and activity towards interest and improvement in the subject of Arabic grammar, despite its difficulty
3- 3-The results of the current research were consistent with recent studies and literature that emphasize the importance of the Shor strategy.
In light of the results reached by the researcher in this research, he recommends the following :
Introducing Arabic language teachers in the preparatory stage to the “Shor” strategy to develop students’ proficiency in understanding the rules of the Arabic language..
: In continuation of this research, the researcher proposes
1- Conducting a study similar to this study in other educational stages
2- Conducting studies similar to this current study in other dependent variables
Towards (motivation, direction and tendencies towards the subject, or developing types of thinking “creative, deductive, critical”... etc ).

The study aims to identify the most important human activities that contribute to the pollution of river water in Iraq, “the Shatt al-Kufa as an example,” and to measure the levels of pollutant concentrations, considering that this increasing type of pollution has become important in recent times due to the importance of fresh water and maintaining the nature and quality of water.
Measurements were carried out on samples of water coming out of the wastewater recycling station and dumped in the Shatt al-Kufa within the study area, to determine the level of water pollution resulting from various economic activities. The recorded levels were compared with some standards, and it was found that they were higher than the healthy level in some of them and in others within the permissible limit.
A field survey of river water pollution in the study area, “Shatt al-Kufa,” showed that there are economic activities that have negatively affected the quality of water recycled in wastewater purification plants in the study area, such as health, agricultural, and industrial activity. The extent and severity of these hotspots may increase in the future if The water of these activities was not separated and treated near the activity itself through the establishment of special stations for hospitals and factories. As for agricultural activity, lined channels must be made for the sewer water to prevent it from being thrown into the river directly.

Investment projects are considered essential components of spatial development in its various aspects, types, and fields for any region. This applies to various tourism investments, including the investment in sites and archaeological landmarks. Archaeological tourism represents one of the most important components of local economic development, in addition to its fundamental importance embodied in the cultural heritage that reflects the authenticity of the place where it is located. Therefore, the research aims to shed light on the most important sites and archaeological landmarks in the Baqubah district, which is part of Diyala province, and on the most important natural and human components that contribute to the success of such economic projects. Especially since the research area is characterized by the diversity of its archaeological and heritage landmarks, in addition to its distinctive geographical location that includes the provincial center, and its possession of important geographical components that support the success of various tourism investment projects, including archaeological tourism, which contributes to intellectual and cultural development and supports the national economy

Praise be to God, who created man in the best manner, and may blessings and peace be upon our master and beloved Muhammad, the Chosen One, and upon his good and pure family and companions.
And after:
This research aims to identify the most critical cultural (religious) references to one of the poets of the Abbasid era, namely the poet Rabi'a Al-Adawiya. Her Arab-Islamic cultural (spiritual) heritage has influenced her in many writings. This research has tried to reflect the experiences of this influence and to prove the multiple historical relationships that These influences reached the poet's imagination; from it, we say that cultural references are a complex mixture of culture and reference, which means bringing or using one of the cultural tributaries and employing it in a text in prose or poetry. The novelist or poet uses it and mixes these tributaries in his work to form a creative text full of science. Cultures, leaving in his text or artistic work an aesthetic credited to him, and cultural references in their form combine several diverse references such as history, heritage, religion, philosophy, politics, etc. Thus, the cultural references are different, and the writer may use them all in his text or bring up only some of them.

The research aims to review the appropriate method for water harvesting and establishing dams and reservoirs, which vary depending on the type of technology used. Therefore, it is necessary to choose economical methods to achieve water harvesting. The Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) method was used, as it has gained wide acceptance in both scientific and applied fields. I relied on a set of factors that determine the most suitable locations (low-lying areas) for surface water harvesting or groundwater recharge as inputs in the AHP analysis. The weights of the input factors in the AHP analysis were calculated, and pairwise comparison matrices were applied to calculate the weights of the inputs, relying on the 1980 Saaty scale ranging from (9-1). Then, the consistency ratio of the study decision was verified, and a spatial suitability map for water harvesting was produced, revealing five levels of suitability, with the most important being low-lying areas with a very high suitability level. It was found that the low-lying areas located south of the region are the most suitable and beneficial for water harvesting and establishing dams on them compared to those located in the northern part of the study area. These low-lying areas of this category numbered (3) with a percentage of (11.5%), occupying an area of (158) km2, representing (59.3%), and a storage capacity of (1,015,376,000) m3, representing (79.7%). With depths ranging from (6-12 meters), these low-lying areas represented the largest area and the highest percentage of surface water storage in the region, represented in the low-lying areas located southwest of it, namely (marsh of Shabeija, marsh of Tall Alzahab, and marsh of Jahisha) according to local naming. Therefore, the area is suitable for water harvesting due to the abundance of large depressions capable of storing water and utilizing it when needed.

The effect of a self-efficacy-style counseling program on developing cognitive agility among educational counselors) This can be verified by testing the following null hypotheses: -
1-There are no statistically significant differences at the significance level (0.05) between the grades of the experimental group members in the pre- and post-tests on the cognitive agility scale.
2-There are no statistically significant differences at the significance level (0.05) between the grade levels of individuals in the experimental group and the control group in the post-test.
3-There are no statistically significant differences at the significance level (0.05) between the grades of the experimental group members in the two post-tests.
The experimental method was adopted to verify the hypotheses of the current research. The research sample consisted of (100) male and female counselors who obtained the lowest scores from the hypothesized mean on the cognitive agility scale. Equivalence was conducted with a set of variables. The sample was chosen from the General Directorate of Education in Diyala Governorate in Baqubah District Center. The sample was distributed randomly between two equal groups. The program prepared for the experimental group was used according to the self-efficacy method based on Bandura’s theory (Bandura, 1982), while the group was not exposed to Control of the counseling program, and the number of counseling sessions reached (12) counseling sessions, two sessions per week, and the duration of each session (45) minutes. The apparent validity of the program was verified by presenting it to a group of specialists in psychological counseling and educational guidance, who supported the validity of the program, and the data was processed using A number of statistical methods using the Statistical Portfolio Program (SPSS)

The current research aims to identify: 1- Positive thinking skills among secondary school teachers. 2_ Statistically significant differences in positive thinking skills according to the gender variable (males, females). To achieve the research objectives, the researcher adopted the positive thinking skills scale (Hani, (2019), consisting of (38) items. The researcher applied the tool to the research sample that It was randomly selected and consisted of (200) secondary school teachers. The results of the research showed that secondary school teachers have a high level of positive thinking skills, and there is noStatistically significant differences according to the gender variable

Metaphor occupies an important place in the field of Arabic rhetoric, ancient and modern, and Ibn al-Atheer was distinguished by his distinctive reading of the art of metaphor. He presented to us a comprehensive vision supported by arguments and proofs, even though he did not delve deeply into the divisions of metaphor. He was the first and pioneer in advancing the reason for calling it metaphor، With this name, he focused on the clues and their importance in revealing the deleted part of the text, as they serve as the compass through which we arrive at the intended meaning. Ibn al-Atheer preferred to have more than one metaphor in the text as long as it does not lead to obstructing the aesthetics of the text

Education is one of the most important indicators that measure the extent of progress and advancement in societies, so the research topic was chosen to shed light on the diversity of the education and secondary education service at the same time in Bani Saad and the extent of the efficiency of this service, and its basic dependence on securities and institutions related to data data, so that the research appears in a sentence One of the results that has the characteristic of transparency in determining the extent of the efficiency of the educational service between Khan Bani Saad and Ataa is a copy of a mandate for the distribution of these services on Tuesday, organizational indicators and their efficiency, and based on them, the formulation of a group of governors.

Amongst the broad issues dealt with in the books of the parsing of the Holy Qur'an is the issue of recitation errors, and among these books is the book of Qur’anic Parsing by Al-Nhas. It has been judged on some Qur'anic readings {qirā’āt} to be recitation errors because it violates a rule of Arabic language.
These issues varied between grammatical, morphological, and other linguistic aspects, but I dealt with the grammatical aspect in this paper and showed that the judgment on these points is rejected based on the words of linguists and Quranic readings. The Arabic language is very broad, and these readings {qirā’āt} followed one or another approach to Arabic language, although not famous.

The research dealt with crafts and industries through the book Sifat al-Jazirat al-Arab (For this reason) in the year 224 AH). The book represented many of the crafts and goods that were present in the lands of Yemen

The study aimed to determine the level of teaching competencies of geography teachers in secondary schools in the Al-Muqdadiyah region of Diyala Governorate. The study relied on the descriptive approach in a manner commensurate with the nature of the research. In order to achieve the objectives of this research. We prepared a questionnaire consisting of (24) items that express the educational teaching competencies and skills that we used about teachers of geography from the original community in the secondary stage, according to the Department of Statistics affiliated with the Department of Education in Diyala Governorate (Muqdadiya). (167) teachers and schools were drawn from which a sample of (30) teachers and schools was drawn. We confirmed the validity and reliability of the questionnaire through “appropriate” statistical treatment. The results of this research indicate that the level of teaching competency available to geography teachers is high, and it shows that there are no differences in the levels of availability of teaching competencies for geography teachers according to the variables.

The current research aims to identify the self-protective behavior among middle school students. The research sample consisted of 400 middle school students, and the researcher developed a scale for self-protective behavior based on Rogers' theory. After presenting it to a group of experts and validators and extracting the psychometric properties of the scale, including validity and reliability, the researcher was able to apply the scale in its final form. The researcher used statistical methods including the one-sample t-test. The results of the current research indicated that middle school students have a low level of self-protective behavior. Based on these findings, the researcher provided several recommendations and suggestions

The Khatun Ismat al-Din was famous among the women of her time, because she was distinguished by her sound mind, knowledge, and her religiosity. She was a religious woman who maintained obligatory and recommended acts of worship. She was also the daughter of Prince Moin al-Din Anar, who became the Emir of Damascus, in addition to the fact that she was The wife of two well-known men: the atabeg Nour ad-Din Mahmoud Zengi, the owner of Mosul, and after the death of her first husband, she married Saladin Al-Ayyubi, who fought the Crusaders and eliminated them in Jerusalem. We find that the Khatun Isma has tangible and intangible effects, such as leaving, buildings such as
The Khatuniya School, Rabat, and Khanqah to teach people about their religion and worldly matters, and
Endowments supported it, and the matter was not limited to this only, as we find its impact on
Raising her children is a good upbringing based on the correct Islamic religion, and this is clear
When we touched on the character of her son, King Al-Salih Ismail bin Nour Al-Din Mahmoud

In light of the scarcity of current and future water resources in Diyala Governorate, salty agricultural drainage water is gaining importance, and it can be considered an additional water resource as an alternative to fresh irrigation water for agricultural uses. Therefore, work should be done to benefit from it to provide part of the required needs, to achieve water and food security for the residents of the governorate.
The study aims to reveal the quality of water in the drains of Bani Saad district and the possibility of investing it for irrigation purposes. (8) sites were selected from the studied area, and (two) samples were taken from each station for two periods, the first in January and the second during July 2022. Laboratory examination of the chemical properties of the samples was conducted, and the results showed variation in all values spatially and temporally, as it was recorded An increase in the percentage of EC salt concentrations to (7.2) mmH/cm during the month of July, then decreasing in January to (3.7) mmH/cm, as well as for the rest of the elements and compounds, and the reason for this discrepancy is due to their influence on climatic conditions, soil type, as well as the quantity and quality of irrigation water, fertilizers and agricultural pesticides. According to the standards approved locally and internationally, the research reached the possibility of using water from the septic tanks of Bani Saad district, to irrigate some field crops (non-sensitive) that tolerate salinity, and in the winter season by mixing or alternating it with fresh water, provided that the soil is washed of accumulated salts before planting. Next crop

Emotions are abstract, vague, and affective psychological states which are usually conceptualized in form of metaphors. Based on Conceptual Metaphor Theory (CMT), the paper attempts to categorize and analyze the metaphorical idiomatic expression of anger in central Kurdish as spoken in Kurdistan- Iraq, and highlight the role of conceptual metaphors in understanding and constructing these idioms. The paper attempts to answer two research questions; (1) How is the emotion of anger conceptualized in Kurdish from the perspective of conceptual metaphor theory? and (2) What are the major types of Conceptual Metaphors (CMs) commonly found in central Kurdish anger emotional metaphors? To answer these questions, a qualitative analysis and inductive reasoning have been employed as a method of data analysis. The analysis of the selected data has shown that CMT is applicable to the metaphors of anger in central Kurdish. The analysis has also shown that the most common conceptual metaphors in descending order are the ANGER IS A HOT FLUID IN A CONTAINER, ANGER IS FOOD, ANGER IS COLOR, ANGER IS FIRE, ANGER IS INSANITY, THE OBJECT OF ANGER IS AN ANIMAL, ANGER IS FULLNESS, THE CAUSE OF ANGER IS FIRE AS LIVING BEING, ANGER IS AGGRESSIVE VERBAL BEHAVIOR.

In the 1980s, female dramatists, including Marsha Norman who is one of the most influential authors who speak up about women's experiences in America, adopted Self-Awareness as a form of individual and psychological cure. This paper discusses Norman's 'Night, Mother' (1981) in the light of psychoanalysis and feminism theories, showing the characters' search for self-awareness through their journey. By focusing on Marsha's play, this study aims to uncover the neglected experiences of American women. Psychoanalytical theories are crystallized in the characters' lives in "Night, Mother," especially Jessie, whose disorders, behaviours, reactions to the "others," frustration, suicide, and death indicate that many familial, social, and mental issues have affected her psyche. As a result, Jessie wants to prove herself as a free woman who can choose whatever she likes to avoid any restrictions. Thus, she decides to commit suicide as a way to revolt against society and a way to find her self-awareness.

Various cultures, such as Arab and American, have developed between myth, literature, and religion. The employment of myths in works of literature of both cultures is the most visible manifestation of this trend. In addition to that, religion plays an important role to shape the myths of the old nations. The theme "Myth, Religion and Literature" examines the mythological origins of literature. It covers academics who postulate the patterns they identified in hero tales and the patterns themselves. Myths as a whole are too diverse to be able to have a similar narrative. However, standard plots have been suggested for particular types of religious stories, most often for hero myths. Some other types of myths, such as creation myths, flood myths, paradisiacal myths, and future myths, have proven to be too diverse to be useful for anything more than the most broad-brush comparisons.

Kirkuk, presents a fascinating case study of ethnolinguistic diversity. This study delves into the city's linguistic landscape by analyzing shop signs across one of the mains streets in Kirkuk Namely: Baghdad Street. Employing a hybrid model, it combines Reh's (2004) framework for categorizing multilingual shop signs (duplicating, fragmentary, overlapping, and complementary) with Scollon & Scollon's (2003) framework for analyzing code preferences.Moving beyond a simple language inventory, this research investigates the socio-cultural aspects affecting language choice of the shop signs under focused. It examines the distribution of languages, explores shop owner motivations for code choice, and analyzes how signs influence intergroup communication. By focusing on these three key areas, the study aims to
:I.\Identify the dominant languages and code-switching patterns used on shop signs.
II. Understand how shop owners strategically employ language to engage with diverse audiences.
III. Explore how shop signs reflect and potentially influence intergroup dynamics within Kirkuk's complex social fabric.
It has been hypothesized that:
I. Shop signs with code-switching strategies will be more effective in attracting wider audiences and fostering intergroup communication within Kirkuk's diverse social fabric.
II. Shop owners in Kirkuk will prioritize languages based on their perceived target audience and business needs, regardless of the dominant neighborhood language.
The findings reveal a complex linguistic landscape:
I. Dominant Arabic with Growing English Presence: Arabic is the clear favorite for monolingual signs (72.94%), suggesting it is the primary language for a large portion of the customer base. However, a significant minority (23.53%) of monolingual signs use English, indicating its growing importance for reaching a wider audience.
II. Limited Use of Kurdish and Turkish: Interestingly, Kurdish monolingual signs are entirely absent, and Turkish monolingual signs have a minimal presence (3.53%) on Baghdad Street. This might not reflect the overall demographics of Kirkuk, suggesting shop owners prioritize Arabic and English for commercial reasons.
III. Focus on Clarity in Multilingual Signs: Duplicating (42.03%) and complementary signs (20.29%) are the most popular styles for bilingual and multilingual signs. This prioritizes clarity by ensuring each language is presented distinctly or with a clear hierarchy.
IV. Overwhelming Arabic-English Combinations: A staggering 85.51% of bilingual and multilingual signs combine Arabic and English. This reinforces the dominance of these two languages for communication on Baghdad Street.
This research investigated the linguistic landscape of shop signs in Kirkuk, by interviewing 33 shop owners and surveying 75 random customers across Baghdad Street. The findings reveal a complex interplay between language, identity, and customer preference in shaping shop sign communication.
Key Findings:
I. Shop Owner Motivations: Shop owners expressed various reasons for language choices: attracting customers, informing about products, reflecting Kirkuk's diversity, personal identity representation and mimicking famous brands.
II. Targeted Languages: Shop owners primarily target all three local languages (Arabic, Kurdish, Turkmen) to reach a wider customer base.
IIICustomer Preferences: Customers generally appreciate bilingual/multilingual signs, finding them helpful for shopping. Duplicating and bilingual signs are most preferred, followed by fragmentary and overlapping types. Logos are seen as further enhancing communication. The majority support their use for city attractiveness and inclusivity.
IV. English as a Foreign Language: The inclusion of English was generally supported by customers, potentially reflecting its global appeal and association with modernity.
V. Shop Sign Evolution: Some shop owners have changed their signage over time, often incorporating English for perceived elegance and uniqueness.
This study sheds light on the intricate interplay of language, and identity in Kirkuk's public sphere. By decoding the multifaceted messages embedded in shop signs, the study contributes to a deeper understanding of the city's unique linguistic landscape and its potential role in promoting social cohesion.

These quantitative research is designed to investigate the impact of the active learning methods on the self-perception of undergraduate learners in the English as a foreign Language (EFL) program at the University of Diyala, College of Education , Department of English . It is specifically used to explore such methods, as they change major attributes of a teacher’s identity, such as self-evaluation, pedagogic philosophy, and classroom implementation.
Deploying a well-organized questionnaire that was randomly given to 242 undergraduate students, and the study centres around the contribution effect of active learning approaches and self-perceived identical changes (methodology). The analysis is both an internal and external perspective that has to do with self-confidence and cultural expectation, trust relationships already existing that support a learning process.
The results confirm that the more active learning devices are applied, the better students know themselves, indicating possibly a role as a building block of professional identity. Besides that, situation of environment which may affect the realization and the efficiency of the methods is identified by the research too.
This research covers the issue of teacher identity development in the context of EFL and presents an active learning case which lets us suppose that active learning is a powerful pedagogical strategy when it comes to teacher educators.

Women issues and the cost of living in the late Victorians and the beginning of the twentieth century were the most atrocious facts, that divided the inhabitants. The late Victorian age was the age of contradiction because huge enhancements in industrialism took place besides penury and devastation exhausted the individuals emotionally as well as recorded a high standard. Thus, writers highly foreground the dark side of the age especially: child labour and women's issues. This study, “Jeopardous Life VS. Secure Death: Predetermination about Life in Hardy’s To an Unborn Pauper Child” explores the factors behind the sufferings of the people in the Victorian era. Hence, the claim of the paper is; that life in the late Victorian era became too severe, and people found death shelter compared with the atrocity of life they lived in. The paper will also explore how and to what degree the proletariat was exploited by capitalists in this era. Thomas Hardy is regarded as the most pessimistic writer of the late era and the early twentieth century. His writings are imbued with melancholy, sighs and disappointment about the establishment of humanism in the universe.
He intensely rebukes humans for practicing savagery, bloodshed and non-humanistic traits that they practice on earth. He, as well, criticizes the system of his society for it included so many bad principles. Thus, the paper illustrates to what extent he could depict the calamities of his own society. More importantly, the paper seeks the answer to why Hardy presupposes and predetermines a hazardous life for an unborn child and it wants to realize Hardy’s pessimism towards life and his hopelessness towards humankind in the earth. Hardy believes that; the Victorian era was a non-humanistic environment, allotted no value to humans and they were treated as tool in the factories. The focus was on working and materialism while neglecting the emotional side and spirituality. Therefore, the study argues that; the predicaments of the life of the people in the Victorian age especially women had made them develop the sense of preferring death to such a hazardous life.

This study focuses on the role of Muslim women in the United Kingdom, particularly in the aftermath of 9/11 in the West, When it was swept with anti-Muslim sentiment, the novelist Monica Ali experienced a rise in Islamophobia. The novel Brick Lane (2003), which she wrote based on her own experiences, can be considered an accurate portrayal of many people who were held accountable for crimes committed in the name of Islam. As a result of these events, many innocent Muslims are being targeted for crimes committed by others. What reveals the bitter experience of ordinary Bangladeshi Muslim immigrants who struggled with identity crises in a multicultural, highly educated society. It also reflects the writer's personal experiences as a Bangladeshi living in the West. The novel was evaluated by examining the Muslim immigrant characters and their various conditions in London. Moreover, the point is that Muslim people in South Asian countries like India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Nepal, Sri Lanka, and Afghanistan prefer to live and work in the West for a better standard of living, education, and job prospects .

This study emphasizes the importance of promises in communication, especially in political speeches. Promises are crucial for building trust and dependability. The study also introduces a research approach called sequential exploratory mixed method design, which combines qualitative and quantitative data collection and analysis. The study focuses on the promising speech act in the post coronation speeches of King Charles II, examining his use of language strategies and levels of directness and explicitness. The results show that the king utilises future act strategy mostly and makes promises indirectly and implicitly, which can help him mitigate opposition and for the flexibility .

This study is a literary work that analyzes conceptual metaphors (CMs) in selected poetic texts. It aims at examining the use of metaphorical language to convey meaning and expressing complicated ideas by comprehending CMs and image schemas in poetic texts. The researcher uses a descriptive qualitative approach and applies the main theories of cognitive semantics developed by Evans and Green (2006), CM by Lakoff and Johnson (2008), and image schema by Croft & Cruse (2004) in analyzing data selected from The Manor Garden by Sylvia Plath and Alone by Maya Angelou. The study shows that conceptual metaphors are frequently used. The results also demonstrated that there are many possible source concepts for a target concept