Al-Farabi Journal of Engineering Sciences

Urbanization greatly affects the change in local climate conditions. To address this, urban vegetation needs to be expanded to help dissipate excess heat by promoting evaporation. This study aims to reconnect the urban corridors and spaces ofthe Al-Mustansiriya region in Baghdad city through a network of green infrastructure (GI), employing the ENVI-MET V4 simulation program, which is a comprehensive micro climate modeling system used to measure and enhance pedestrian comfort levels in an urban environment. The results of the analysis show the significant effect of urban intervention strategies in reducing pedestrian heat stress. Where the air temperature drops by 3-4°C. Furthermore, an association was detected between leaf area density and PET levels. In abroader sense, this research supports the use of ecological urbanization along with integrated urban micro-environment modeling as a catalyst for urban quality improvement.

Even though it has been found that walking around a neighborhood has many benefits, including health benefits, these factors must be taken into account when planning. Walkability is hard to measure and can't be boiled down to a single number because it depends on both the cultural and social aspects of a community. Using space syntax theory, the layout of streets in different kinds of communities was looked at, and regression analysis was used to measure the socioeconomic factor. This study looks at the syntactical properties of the city's organized and unorganized (agricultural) areas in relation to people's walking patterns; examines the socioeconomic characteristics of the population; and looks into people's walking patterns and the variables that influence walkability in the study area. By conducting observations of the areas and interviews with residents. Some of the results of the research are the variation and difference in the variables that affect both areas of the analysis or field observation. The findings are then used to recommend approaches that planners, designers, and decision-makers could take to create transit-and pedestrian-oriented developments

the aim of this study is to implement an algorithm for face recognition, based on the Arduino uno microcontroller. This paper presents it as an airport security system to detect passenger’s face and compare the result with the database of unwanted people. The system combines laser trigger circuit for image capturing and artificial neural network for image recognition. The laser trigger circuit has many benefits such as avoiding camerashakes or taking a picture without a timer. The captured image will be analyzed and processed in MATLAB using an artificial neural network to recognize the passenger’s face from the real captured images after the training phase. Many experiments have been conducted on our face databases with various numbers of iterations. The recognitions’ accuracy and efficiency of the proposed model are 93.33% and 2.67 respectively with 0.696530 seconds as execution time. The result shows the robustness of the developed model in terms of mean squared error, execution time, recognitions’ efficiency and accuracy. The smallest obtained mean squared error is 9.9991e-04 for the training data set and 0.1764 for the testing data set when they are recorded for a modified neural network which makes the developed system more reliable. Finally, the artificial neural network demonstrates the ability to detect the unseen relationship between features belong to the same face.he aim of this study is to implement an algorithm for face recognition, based on the Arduino uno microcontroller. This paper presents it as an airport security system to detect passenger’s face and compare the result with the database of unwanted people. The system combines laser trigger circuit for image capturing and artificial neural network for image recognition. The laser trigger circuit has many benefits such as avoiding camerashakes or taking a picture without a timer. The captured image will be analyzed and processed in MATLAB using an artificial neural network to recognize the passenger’s face from the real captured images after the training phase. Many experiments have been conducted on our face databases with various numbers of iterations. The recognitions’ accuracy and efficiency of the proposed model are 93.33% and 2.67 respectively with 0.696530 seconds as execution time. The result shows the robustness of the developed model in terms of mean squared error, execution time, recognitions’ efficiency and accuracy. The smallest obtained mean squared error is 9.9991e-04 for the training data set and 0.1764 for the testing data set when they are recorded for a modified neural network which makes the developed system more reliable. Finally, the artificial neural network demonstrates the ability to detect the unseen relationship between features belong to the same face.

This paper presents compact quad-port frequency reconfigurable multi-input multi-output (MIMO) antennas for 5 G applications that operate at sub-6 GHz. The proposed design provides more isolation (>13 dB) and pattern diversity using four orthogonal radiating elements. C-shaped metal is used to extend the antenna's radiating elements by inserting one positive intrinsic negative diode (PIN) in the metal. The C-shaped metal and matchingstub achieve frequency reconfigurability with a consistent radiation pattern. The PIN diode's switching characteristics allow the frequency to be shifted between two communication bands. One mode (diode ON) covers 2.5 and 5 GHz, while the second mode (diode OFF) covers another dual band of 3.5 and 5.7 GHz. Substrate dimensions are only 50 x 50 x1.6 mm3, making the proposed design compact. Antenna peaks at a gain of 4.18 dB and radiation efficiencies of 80 and 94% in the four frequency bands. The antenna design is appropriate for multi-functional wireless systems and cognitive radio applications since it spans frequency bands below 6 GHz and can be reconfigurable between wide and narrow bands.

Over time, the environmental issues that cities face, have grown as a result of a variety of causes, including populationgrowth, increased densities and built-up areas, and changes in numerous land uses. Because of these difficulties, our cities have lost many of their natural qualities and ecological balance. As a result, finding solutions to these urban problems and implementing measures to restore the lost ecological balance in existing cities becomes vital.In order to restore the ecological balance and reduce its negative effects on city life, a number of ways have been used. One of these ways is "Protecting forest and green areas". So green areas are one of the most important environmental treatments in urban spaces. And because this importance is more evident in cities than in the countryside. Balancing the green areas leads directly and indirectly to the balance of the rest of the elements that affect the ecological balance within the city.

Zeolite was synthesized using a solitary gel technique with Iraqi kaoline. Zeolite 's specific structural nature makes it difficult to use X-ray diffraction (XRD) to evaluate a single crystalline characteristic. Structural analysis to estimation and visualization of one crystal geometric properties by CrystalMaker software was carried out using XRD and the simulation of a crystal pattern using a Rietveld refinementtechnique using Maud software.This paper describes the Crystal Maker software suite, which includes the visualization, modelling and diffraction simulation of modular programs for crystal and molecular structures. The fundamental reasoning for the program is explored and a variety of applications are given for teaching and research in crystal chemistry and molecular dynamics

Pavement infrastructure is essential and must be protected with limited resources. For decades, industrialized nations have used Pavement Management Systems (PMS) and pavement distress assessment to examine network and project-level pavement conditions. Pavement condition models can anticipate pavement degradation, schedule maintenance, and create multi-year rehabilitation plans based on historical data. Pavement condition surveys are done annually or biannually to calibrate pavement condition models and reduce network maintenance costs. This studyhighlights road system deficiencies to meet traffic demand, improper systematic methods of maintaining networks, budget constraints for decision makers, deficiencies in road geometrics, poor construction and maintenance practices, the need for proper planning and resource management, and improper planning. The technique comprises a theoretical element of PMS and a review of performance evaluation studies. A PMS lets users export data in an easy-to-understand manner, helping them manage their roadways better. Manual pavement distress surveys need certified raters