The Iraqi Journal of Veterinary Medicine

Behavioral problems are very important because they are one of the most common reasons for the relinquishment of cats. In this study, the frequency of behavioral problems in 167 cats attending Small Animal Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, was evaluated with the use of a questionnaire. Interaction with other animals and people, outdoor access, breed, and sex of the cats were evaluated for association with the occurrence of the behavioral problems. Aggression towards people and other cats, Elimination problems, Scratching objects, Fearfulness, Attention seeking, Excessive grooming, Chasing small animals, Hiding, Vocalization in owner\'s absence, Obsessive behaviors and Eating fiber material were the behavioral problems evaluated in this study. Results showed that 94.6% of the cats were reported to have at least one behavioral problem with the mean number of behavioral problems for one cat being 2.71. Fearfulness, attention seeking, Aggression towards other cats/people, scratching, and Elimination problems were the most prevalent behavioral complaints reported by cats owners respectively whereas; obsessive behaviors were the least common behavioral complaints.
Data analysis revealed that inappropriate elimination is significantly more common in cats with outdoor access while interaction with other cats and people showed an association with scratching in cats. Intact female cats tended to seek less attention from their owners than their other counterparts. Breed assessment, on the other hand, showed that Persian cats are reported to have more elimination problems and less aggression problems towards people than DSH cats.

Using the rose Bengal test 114 blood samples collected from dogs , and tested for Brucella antibodies , (30.7 % ) were found positive for Brucella antibodies while (64.3 % ) were found negative for Brucella antibodies .
Key words : Brucella antibodies , dogs .

The objective of this study was to determine the clinical effects of total intravenous anesthesia (TIVA) by romifidine 0.1mg/kg as a premedication and anesthesia by intravenous injection of a mixture of midazolam 0.1 mg/kg and ketamine hydrochloride 2.2 mg/kg in the ten health She donkeys. The maintenance of anesthesia was performed by intravenous infusion of a mixture of the midazolam 0.065mg/kg/hrs and ketamine 6.6mg/kg /hrs prepared in 500ml normal saline. Data were collected just before intravenous administration of premedication (control data) and after the administration of anesthetics drugs at 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 45, 60 and 90 minutes. The clinical parameters measured included: Anesthetic Parameter (induction, anesthetic time and recovery), rectal body temperature, arterial oxyheamglobin saturation in blood (SPO2), analgesia, muscles relaxation, at the above times until the donkey responds to external stimuli. The results of the induction and maintenance of general anesthesia by this regime was found to be superior and stable. Recovery from anaesthesia was smooth and similar quality in all animals. The body temperature showed significant differences between control and 5min 37.35 ± 0.054 ;37.19 ± 0.08 ◦C with 15 min and above to the 60 min, while in SPO2 (%) the result showed significant difference (P<0.05) in time 90 min 97.4 ± 0.541 with 10min ; 15min 94.6 ± 1.229 ;93.7 ± 1.075 %and 20 min 93.9 ± 1.075%. There were no adverse effects noted following this anesthetic regime.

Pyloromyotomy is a procedure to increase the diameter of pyloric region, routinely performed during pyloric stenosis to prevent delayed emptying of stomach content. The aim of this study was to evaluate the pyloromyotomy by conventional and laparoscopic techniques. Ten adult healthy dogs were used. Five animals underwent the pyloromyotomy by conventional and the same number laparoscopic technique. The clinical radiological and laparoscopic results of two techniques revealed that both were successive for achieved this purpose, but the laparoscopic pyloromoytomy characterized by small abdominal incision minimal adhesion and rapid healing.

The effect of 1% methylene blue solution was investigated in this experimental trial for prevention and/or reduction of intra-abdominal adhesion formation, following induction of conventional laparotomy, by postmortem and histopathological confirmations, in a rabbit model. Twenty adult, male, local breed rabbits were used in the study. They were allocated randomly and equally into 2 groups; Control group (CG) and Treatment group (TG). All were subjected to mid-ventral conventional laparotomy under the effect of general anesthesia, and the ascending colon was exteriorized and its serosal and subserosal layers were mechanically abraded by a dry sterile soft toothbrush. In TG, 2ml of sterile 1% methylene blue was applied intrapretonially prior to the routine closure of the abdominal cavities. While in CG, 2ml of physiological saline solution was applied intraperitonially. Post-operatively, the rabbits were monitored clinically for; gain in body weight, food intake and postoperative complications. Also, 5 rabbits from each group at the 14th and 21st post-operative days were scarified for intra-peritoneal adhesion formation and scoring, and biopsy collection for histopathological changes. The results revealed a significant reduction and/or prevention in the development of intra-abdominal adhesions in TG compared to CG rabbits. Whereby, the lowered adhesions grade scores rate at both P.M. schedules, and histopathologically by the normally appearing serosal and muscular layers of the caecum, compared to the abnormally higher losses in the integrity of the serosal surface, blood vessel congestion, fibrosis, and heavy infiltrated of mononuclear inflammatory cells in CG rabbits. This study concluded that, the application of 1% methylene blue solution intraperitoneally following laparotomy is useful in prevention and/or reduction of post-operative adhesions formation.

Terbinafine is a fungicide given orally with the dose of 100 mg/kg body weight per day for each ewe for 60 days. The vaginal smears of ewe, body and ovarian weight were daily administered at slaughter time; ewes were slaughtered at 60th day. Estrous cycle was affected by showing a significant reduce in the estrous cycle length of each phases of estrous cycle with associated significant increase in the diestrus phase in terbinafine treatment as compared with control group (olive oil treatment as adjuvant) of ewes. There was a significant reduce in the number of follicles and a significant raise in the number of atretic follicles in treated group as compared with control group as well as upsurge the progesterone/estrogen ratio. The body and ovarian weight were significant diminished in terbinafine treatment. These observed effects of terbinafine on the ovarian activity may be due to a direct effect as antiproliferative agent or the hypothalamus - hypophysial - ovarian axis causing hormonal inequality.

Thirty six trials of flushing with riched Delbeco`s phosphate buffer media applied in this study using a plastic two ways folly catheter, introduced by metal robe inside the cervix of donor cows and by air bubble fixed it in the cervical canal in 3 positions, one near the cervico-vaginal opening or at the first third of the cervical canal, the 2nd one at the middle third of the cervical canal and the 3rd one near the utero-cervical opening or at the last third of the cervical canal. The process of flushing was carried out after the fixation of the folly catheter in the three sites and the number of embryos collected by each collection site.
The results showed that the number of embryos detected in the third method where the fixation was in the last 3rd of cervix relatively more than the other two sites.The study showed that the position and the fixation of the folly catheter in the last 3rd of the cervical canal and toward the utero-cervical opening gave more number of embryos than the two other sites upon the process of flushing and collection of embryos.

The objective of the study was to investigate the effect of Ericsson Albumin Method to separate Y- from X-bearing sperms in mice. The sperms were obtained from caudal epididymis of male mice and prepared by Ericsson method using albumin in two concentrations (8% and 18%) fallowed by intra-peritoneal insemination of female mice. The study showed there was a significant increase (P>0.05) in pregnancy rate in female mice that inseminated by sperms were prepared by Ericsson method. Also, the results demonstrated that Ericsson method was found (75%) effective for male gender selection compared to conventional method (51.25%) without separation of Y- from X-bearing sperms.

The study was conducted on 35 pregnant Iraqi cows at gestation period ranged from 260-265 days depending on their date of services. This study was performed in two regions from Baghdad province (Al-Thahab Al-Abiad and Al-Nahrawan villages) from 2009-2011, there ages ranged from 3-6 years and were divided randomly into three groups according to the type of treatment. 1st group (11 cows) were injected with 750 µg (3 ml) of estrumate intramuscular (IM) in single dose .The 2nd group (13 cows) injected with 40 mg of dexamethasone (IM) in one dose only. The 3rd group (11 cows) injected with 500µg of ergometrine (IM). The results revealed that the responsive cows were 7 (63.6%), 3 (100%) and 8 (72.7%) in the 1st, 2nd and 3rd groups respectively, and their result were recorded superior significant (P<0.01) for group 2 compared with group 1 and 3, also the results recorded significant (P<0.01) in group 2 compared with another groups (1, 3) related with duration from injection of treatment to induction of calving. Retention of fetal membranes was recorded 28.5% in all animals and the occurrence of dystocia (for many causes) was 28.6%, while the viability of calves was 89.6% (alive calves) and 10.4% of dead calves.
We concluded that using of dexamethasone, estrumate and ergometrine was safe and effective for induction of parturition in Iraqi cows

The seminiferous epithelium of the testes of cat consists of two groups of cells; Spermatogenic cells and Sertoli cells. The interstitial areas are filled with Leydic cells, blood and lymph vessels, and connective tissue. Germ cells in the Spermatogenic process of the testis of cat can be classified into ten steps, based on the pattern degree of nuclear chromatin condensation. Primary spermatogonia contain large spherical nuclei with mostly euchromatin. Spermatogonia proliferate to give rise to spermatogonia type –A; Intermediate or type-I spermatogonia, and spermatogonia type-B. Type–B spermatogonia yield primary spermatocyte at the end of mitosis. The primary spermatocyte is transformed into secondary spermatocyte during meiosis I. These cells are converted into spermatid during meiosis II. Metamorphosis of spermatids shows: Golgi step, Cap step, Acrosomal step, Maturation step.

The developmental study of supraoccipital bone has been done in the rabbit fetuses, which including detection the timing primary appearance and pattern of ossification by using double staining method as well as, histological study which squired for each stages of present study. The double staining technique which are furthering by histological examination for each age, showed the supraoccipital bone was ossify by intramembranous method. The results showed that the primary ossification centers of supraoccipital appeared firstly at(22) day of gestation, and showed direct red staining, at(24) day of gestation, these centers become fused. The supraoccipital bone appear its completely intramembranous ossification at (30) day of gestation and form the roof of foramen magnum.

The experiment was carried out at animal farm, College of Veterinary Medicine, Baghdad University from 1/July /2009 up to 28/February2010.Twenty Awssi male Lambs were equally divided into four groups and each animal fed on concentrate diets 2% of body weight with grazing for 3-5 hours a day. The first group(C) was kept as control group , the second group (N) was daily fed with same amount of concentrate diet contain 7.5% ground Nigella sativa seeds , third group (F) also fed with same amount contain 7.5% ground fenugreek seeds ,while the fourth group(NF) group fed the 2% concentrate diet supplemented with both (7.5% of Nigella sativa and 7.5% fenugreek seeds respectively ) as group feeding .
The results revealed that using Nigella sativa or Fenugreek seeds as well as using both of them as a mixed feed supplemented with concentrated diet of Awassi ram lambs showed significantly ( P< 0.05 ) increasing and improvements in greasy wool weights , clean wool weights ,wool fiber lengths ,wool staple lengths ,wool fiber diameters compare with control group while NF group recorded significantly ( P< 0.05 ) higher than both of F and N groups in all of these parameters.

The laboratory studies of the cultural isolation revealed that two isolates of Lactobacillus acidophilus were isolated from five soft cheese samples that were manufactured locally according to the farmers production procedure .Colonies of E.coli O157:H7 were isolated from raw milk samples by a conventional direct plating on selective enrichment CT-SMAC agar and tested serologically for the presence of O157 and H7 antigens using the commercial available latex agglutination kits .The results revealed that E.coli O157:H7 was resist to the crude bacteriocin that was extracted from L .acidophilus isolate NO.1 due to the nature of their cell wall, while when the outer membrane of E.coli O157:H7 was injured by cooling at 4°C for 6 hours , the permeation of bacteriocin to the cytoplasmic membrane was facilitated and caused inactivation and death of such pathogenic organism .The results revealed that no growth of E.coli O157:H7 with no visible turbidity in the nutrient broth with bacteriocin that diluted to 12 ,14 ,18 were observed .Bacteriocin that diluted to 18 had been recognized as the minimum inhibitory concentration of the bacteriocin.
Both the dilution factor of bacteriocin and time exposure to bacteriocin at refrigeration storage temperature of milk had a significant (P˂0.05) influence on its antimicrobial potency against the viability of stressed E.coli O157:H7 from minutes 30 to 120 .The viability of E.coli O157:H7 subjected to bacteriocin that diluted 10 times(1:10) in both raw and sterile milk was efficiently eliminated after 90 minutes and 60 minutes of exposure at refrigeration temperature respectively.

Two isolates of Lactobacillus acidophilus were isolated from locally homemade soft cheese and identified in accordance with their main features as described by bergeys manual of determinative bacteriology .Agar well diffusion bioassay was used for the evaluation of antimicrobial activity of cell free supernatant (culture filtrates) of Lactobacillus acidophilus isolates against the sensitive strain Lactobacillus acidophilus R0052 and the diameter of the inhibition zone was proportional to the bacteriocin concentration. The antimicrobial activity of the bacteriocin was proportional to the reciprocal of the highest dilution factor producing a detectable zone of inhibition . The storage temperature of the crude bacteriocin had a significant(P˂ 0.01) effect on its potency against the sensitive strain .The potential of the antimicrobial activities of the crude bacteriocin that was stored for 10 days at refrigeration temperature (4°C) was significantly (P˂ 0.01) higher than that stored at room temperature. The antimicrobial effectiveness of the crude bacteriocin was heat stable and retaining 100% of its activity after its exposure to 60 °C & 80°C for 10 minutes .Boiling of the crude bacteriocin for 30 minutes had significantly (P˂ 0.01) decreased its potency to 0% .The potency of the crude bacteriocin was stable after four hours of exposure to both neutral (pH7) and acidic (pH4) conditions but was inactivated at alkaline (pH9) condition.

This study was carried out during May-October 2010 to determine the prevalence of Cryptosporidium spp. in calves and children in rural areas around Mosul, north of Iraq. A total of 78 faecal samples were taken from calves which were no more than one year old. Information about age, consistency of faeces (as diarrheic or normal) and contact with human were recorded. At the same time, 95 stool samples were taken from children aged one month to 12 years old suffering from diarrhea and living in the same farms where the samples of calves have been collected. All samples were stained with modified Ziehl-Neelsen acid-fast stain and Auramine O techniques to detect the presence of Cryptosporidium oocysts. Results revealed that the prevalence of Cryptosporidium in calves and children were 43.56% and 18.9%, respectively. Comparison of results obtained with the two stain techniques showed no significant difference and being sensitive.

The investigation on Heat-Intolerance Syndrome following foot and mouth disease (FMD) infection in cattle in ThiQar–Iraq, used 3ABC FMD ELISA kit, and Radio- immunoassay (RIA) to detect the cortisol level. From 105 there were 65(62%) infected cattle with FMD, which was high at 5- less 8 years old, while the cortrisol level showed three levels; normal (13-21 nmol⁄L), high and low levels were; 6(5.6%), 44(42%) and 55(52%) subsequently. More over the combined result of ELISA and RIA had divided cattle into six groups. First group of 40(38%) cattle infected with FMD and had low level of cortisol, this group containing 21(20%) with clinical signs of heat intolerance. Second group contain 22(21%) FMD infected cattle with high level of cortisol. Third group of 3(2.8%) FMD Infected cattle but normal cortisol level. Fourth group included 3(2.8%) not infected by FMD with normal cortisol level. Fifth group contain 22(21%) not infected with FMD but had high level of cortisol may related to stress. Sixth group consisted 15 (14%) cattle not infected with FMD and had low level of cortisol due to un known cause.
Clinical signs of heat intolerance that showed in 21 head of cattle in the first group were: panting, overgrowth of hair coat, emaciation and seeking for shad. The diseased cow known locally as ”Mahrorah” meaning heat-intolerance.

The aim of this study was to identify the main risk factors with Trichomonas vaginalis infection in married women that have vaginal discharge. The study include (250) female who attended Al-Yarmouk Teaching Hospital (Gynecological Clinics), through the period from February 2010 to July 2010.Patients female were subjected for a special questionnaire sheet. The study has found that (65) females were infected with this parasite from total (250), who were complaining from vaginal discharge with infection rate 26%.Higher infection rate was recorded between pregnant female was 17.2% while non-pregnant women 8.8% .The main age group of infected women concentrated in (20-29 years) in which rate were 12.83% and 11.76% in pregnant and non-pregnant women respectively.According to educational level and socio-economic status, the study recorded higher percentage 50.76% between illiterate women and with low socio-economic status 63.07%.The highest infection with Trichomonas vaginalis obtained from women with white to gray discharge 58.46% and with bad odor 81.53%.Depending on residency, in rural residence the high percentage of infection were recorded 63.07% while comparing with urban 36.93%.Considering to contraceptive types which used by women 47.69% for IUDs, followed by 32.31% for contraceptive pills and low percentage for condom 20%.

The study was conducted in 4 districts regions in Wasit province during May – August 2010 to investigate the percentage of sheep and goat infestation ; out of 366 animals , 69 (18.85 %) were infested with total general tick mean 2.15 ; infested sheep were more prevalent 79.71% than goats 20.28% ; Highest no. of infestation were found in August 49.27% and June 24.63% . Two species of ticks , Rhipicephalus turanicus 94% on both sheep and goats , while Hyalomma anatolicum anatolicum only on sheep 6% were recorded. According to species of animal, sheep in azizia shows highest infestation in august (34.78%) followed by Suwara in june (14.49%) ; and for goat in azizia shows the highest infestation in may (7.24%) . There is significant difference between monthly infested sheep and goats p ≤ 0.028 .There is significant difference between districts containing infested sheep and goats p ≤ 0.000. There is no significant difference between infested sheep and goats p ≥ 0.12. Given data might be aid in epidemiology of ticks and minimize public and veterinary infections.

This study was undertaken with the aims of evaluating the efficiency of the PCR assay in investigation of the epidemiological status of tropical theileriosis in comparison with the classical microscopic examination of Giemsa-stained blood smear and detecting the gross and microscopic pathological changes in some organs of the infected animals. Blood and tissue samples were collected from 50 apparently healthy, tick-infested cattle during the period extended from the 1st of July to the 31st of August, 2008 in the modern slaughterhouse in Sulaimaniyah province. Blood smears were prepared from the blood samples and stained with Giemsa dye. The tissue samples were obtained from normal and lesion-presenting tissues of the lymph nodes, lungs and kidneys were investigated by the naked eye for the presence of any pathological changes. Following gross examination, the tissue samples, of the cattle that showed positive results for Theileria annulata parasites by PCR and Giemsa-stained blood smears, have processed for histopathological preparations.
When compared with microscopic examination of Giemsa-stained smears, the PCR assay detected a positive results in 8 (16%) of blood samples that revealed negative microscopy indicating that the PCR is more sensitive in diagnosis of tropical theileriosis. The gross pathological examination revealed lymph nodes enlargement, pulmonary congestion and edema and multiple pale areas in the kidneys. Microscopically, the principle pathological lesion was represented by a marked lymphoproliferative reaction within these organs.

The present study was carried out to investigate the effect of oral administration of hot aqueous extract of beetle cocoon Larinus maculatus Faldermann, in a two doses 50 and100mg/Kg/Bw for 25 and 45days respect- tively on some organs such as liver, lung, kidney, intestine, heart, spleen, and brain in male mice Mus musculus. The results indicated that there were toxicopathological changes in many tissues of experimental animals. Histo -pathological changes was dose and period dependent . It was found that the aqueous extract of beetle cocoon has undesirable effect at the administered doses, since the raw extract of this cocoon is currently being used in Folk medicine as treatment for cough, bronchitis in Iraq. This study revealed that the low doses of this extract have some deleterious effects on certain organs, so it should not be used for long durations in control of respiratory disease.

The aim of the present work is to found out if there are histopathological and enzymatic effects on the heart and liver after oral administration of Citrullus colocynthis (CC) fruit (bitter apple) for mature male rabbits, as a model for mammals. Two experiments were performed for sixty mature male rabbits that equally and randomly divided into six groups each containing five animals .In the two experiments ,independently, three groups in each one were considered as treated groups and represented as T1, T2 and T3 groups .These rabbits groups were orally administrated with low dosage of CC (4.8mg/kg/day,experiment No.1 ) and double dosage of CC extract (9.6mg /kg /day , experiment No2 ) for three intervals 2, 4 and 8 weeks ,respectively. The other three groups in each experiment were considered control and represented as C1, C2 and C3 groups, respectively. All the rabbits in control groups were given orally distilled water (DW) at the same periods of treated groups. Histopathological changes of the heart and liver with related enzymes namely; serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (SGOT), serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase (SGPT) and creatinine kinase (SCK) were studied.The histopathological study revealed no changes in rabbit’s heart tissue particularly after treatment with 4.8mg/kg/day of CC for 2 and 4 weeks. While no histopathological changes were observed in the heart of rabbit groups treated with 9.6mg/kg/day of CC extract after 2 weeks. The results of the treatment with the two dosages of the CC for 8 weeks indicated a mild degenerative changes and mild necrosis of the myocardial cells. There was swelling of the hepatocytes and perivascular cuffing of mononuclear inflammatory cells after two weeks of daily treatment with 4.8mg/kg/day of CC exposure. After four weeks with the low dosage of the CC extract, caused initiation of necrosis, more inflammation picture of liver portal tract with sinusoid All rabbit groups showed statistically a significant gradual increase (P<0.05) in the value of serum enzyme GOT, GPT and CK levels after treatment with the two dosages of CC at the end of each different period compared with before treatment and control group. Concluded from this study that the dosage 4.8mg/Kg/day of CC plant resulted in simple histopathological effects on the heart and mild histopathological changes on the liver during the entire period of the study, instead of serum enzymatic elevation of SGOT ,SGPT and SCK. Further studies are recommended to found out the possibility to use and effects of CC on animal hygiene and reproduction

This study aimed to investigate the histopathological changes of Indomy pasta for 30 days on lung, kidney and spleen of albino rats. fifteen adult albino rats 200-220 gm was divided into 3 groups: The first group was considered as control group. The second group was fed with Indomy every other day for 30 days; the third group was fed with Indomy every day for 30 days. The histopathogical examination of the kidney show congestion of blood vessels and infiltration with neutrophil in lumen, The histopathological examination of lung showed hyper atrophy of masculares layer of the bronchiole with sever inflammatory cell infiltration mainly neutrophil and mononuclear cell in the wall of bronchioles, and with lumen of the alveoli with fibrous connective tissue proliferation in the parenchyma. Also, increase thickness into intra alveolar septa due to paranchymal cell proliferation and mononuclear cell infiltration which lead to narrow alveolar lumen. The histopathogical examination of spleen shows congestion of the red pulp. From the results of this study it can be conclude that the consumption of Indomy had harmful histopathological effects on kidney, lung and spleen tissues in treated rats.

The aim of the present study is to determine the influence of different doses of lead acetate on the central nerves system. 25 Swiss strain white mice were used, each weighing about 30 –32 g, divided into three groups, first group (n=10) treated with 0.5 ml. contain 150 mg/kg/body weight lead acetate via stomach tube daily for 40 days, second group (n=10) treated with 0.5 ml. contain 300 mg/kg/body weight lead acetate via stomach tube daily for 40 days. While the third group (n=5) served as control and were given mammalian physiological saline. Clinical signs were reported during the course of the study, then at day 40 post treatment , all animal were sacrificed and post mortem examination was done and any gross lesions were reported, then the pieces of brain was fixed in 10% formalin for 72 hours .
The pathological results showed congestion of cerebellum and cerebrum of both treated group but the 2nd group was more sensitive. Histopathological examination of 1st group expressed moderate pathological lesions, characterized by extracellular edema around neuron cells and Virchow Robbin space , as well as proliferation of astrocyets in the white matter , also central chromatolysis of neurons and Nissle granules with homogenous pink their cytoplasm in 1st G. while in 2nd G the main lesions characterized by severe congestion of blood vessels with inflammatory cells infiltration in the lumen of arachnoids\' space and brain parenchyma as well as hemorrhage with aggregation of microglia in the wall of blood vessels which characterized by round shape and clear cytoplasm (microgliosis). Also severe neuron degeneration, with Alzheimer\'s type-II astrocyets are reported in other animals characterized by pairs observed surrounded by clear space. And there is no clear pathological lesion in control group.
In conclusion the present study investigated that the lead acetate affected on the brain tissue, and the degree of influence depended on the concentration of the toxic dose.

For studying in vivo influence of immune responses on side effects of Mitomycin C (MMC),Sixty-five male-white mice were divided to nine groups ;1st group inoculated MMC,I.P,0.4mg/ml,2 doses weekly/4 weeks;2nd to 7th groups immunized S/C with LM Ags(25mg/ml) protein concentration 0.4 ml, 2doses/2 weeks intervals;2nd and 3rd groups immunized CFLMAgs and CFLMAgs-MMC in 3rd group; also 4th and fifth groups but immunized with WSLMAgs; 6th and 7th groups inoculated with 0.4 ml Attenuated LM (LaLMAgs), 7th group immunized-MMC treated. Post-immunization, 5 animals sacrificed from 1-7groups and negative control to study the cellular and humoral immunity as well as bone marrow taken to cytogenic examination ,other animals from 1-7 groups and 8th group challenged with 0.4 ml of (ViLM) containing(1x109 CFU/ml) of), the animals of negative group inoculated 0.4 ml of sterile PBS,S/C.Results; showed high mean values of IFN-y and IgG1 in animals immunized with LM.Ags, while MMC decreased levels of IFN-y and IgG1and MI%, increased chromosomal aberrations and micronucleus while decreased in immunized also immunized–MMC treatment , immunized animals show increased MI%.The suppurative pathological lesions and suppurative granulomatous lesions were appeared clear in tissue sections of internal organs in animals of positive control,decreased severity in immunized,immunized-MMCtreated especially with LaLM immunization.

The presence of Bacillus species Were investigated in the intestine of 50 fish specimens common carp Cyprinus carpio weigh range between 1400-1500g in weigh were obtained from commercial farms in north of Baghdad through period of September to December 2010.The result revealed presence of gram positive, rod shape bacteria grow in the mesosphilic temperature range. The optimal temperature was 25-35C° facultative aerobes and produce catalase an enzyme. The bacterial antagonist activity was tested with fish culture pathogenic bacteria. The modified antagonistic method results showed that Bacillus subtilus could inhibit Aeromonas hydrophila after 24 hours. The highest level of antibacterial substances of this bacillus was produced in 48 hours. The aim of this study is to isolate and identify the Bacillus spp. and study its efficacy as probiotic against A. hydrophila in a fish culture.