Muthanna Journal of Engineering and Technology(MJET)

The importance of affordable housing has emerged recently due to the suffering of most urban areas and developing countries in particular from the high rates of population growth and migration to cities, in addition to the conditions of poverty and war, which led to the loss of many families for their housing units. (The need for a comprehensive knowledge framework clarifying the concept of affordable housing, choosing the best housing type and cost reduction factors (facilitation aspects) at the local level in light of the country’s urgent need for affordable housing.) Accordingly, the objective of the research was to: (Provide a comprehensive knowledge framework that clarifies the concept of affordable housing and choose the best housing type and cost reduction factors (facilitation aspects) in accordance with local privacy).
The research hypothesis : (The factors and means of reducing housing costs (aspects of facilitation mentioned in the research) at the two levels (housing complex and housing unit) as well as choosing the housing style (vertical or horizontal) a role in achieving the principle of affordable housing and solving a large part of the housing crisis.
For the purpose of solving this problem, three phases were identified, including the construction of a theoretical framework, which included (4) vocabularies (characteristics of affordable housing, cost-raising factors, cost reduction factors, and dimensions of affordable housing). This is followed by the application of these vocabulary by electing two local samples. The extent of facilitation and comparability between them. The results showed that the vertical building pattern (residential buildings) is characterized by its lack of large areas of residential land, thus it is characterized by being less expensive than horizontal construction. This does not prevent investors from building high-quality residential towers targeting the rich.

The research shows employing sundog cells for cooling process by design, progress of “evaporative cooling system”. All this to offer inexpensive method, devours more virtue as well as few energies in contrast with ordinary “evaporative cooling system”. Consequently, this paper focuses “in the design and creation ” direct current (DC) evaporative cooling system” incorporated with “photovoltaic (PV) system” formed from “PV panels, solar charger, converter, batteries” and insert to innermost of refrigerator by Peltier. “Evaporative cooling system” depend on stellar also work in free areas. Also, solar energy is charge effectual, renewable, no environmental pollution. So finally fantastic method.

The physical environment of Al-Hilla city is subject to successive developments due to changes in various economic, technological and humanitarian aspects. These changes are accompanied by the physical appearance of the phenomenon of “visual pollution”, which results from the imbalance in the visual performance of the components of the physical environment of the city, causing the sense of psychological discomfort and loss of belonging to the surrounding environment and its aesthetic is almost nonexistent. The objective of this research is to evaluate the state of the visual components of the physical environment of Al-Hilla city, through an analytical field study of the visual impact indicators of the state of the physical environment of Al-Hilla city, and comparing it with the visual performance standards, to determine the defect and gap. For research purposes, the field study was conducted for the most important street in the city center, which is Imam Ali Street, on the basis of which the visual pollution ranges were determined, and therefore the recommendation of making the right decisions (whether at the level of implementation or field monitoring) is necessary in order to reduce or mitigate the phenomenon of visual pollution) to improve the visual performance of the street in particular, and the physical environment of Hilla city in general.

The present work is about an organized crime which is considered a serious phenomenon that generally comes upon the world and especially in the Iraqi area. In recent decades, Al-Hilla City has suffered from spread variety of crimes, which lead the citizens to lack the sense of security. For this reason, it is seen it is significant to study this phenomenon with a new parallel phenomenon which causes their appearance. In addition, it is thought that this topic has not been tackled yet. The problem of the study lies in the lack of holistic scientific knowledge about the role of the synthetic properties of spatial organization for the city of Al-Hilla in crime growing. The study aims at establishing a holistic knowledge of that role. To deal with the problem of the research, an inductive approach (descriptive- analytical) has been adopted. The data is got from the responsible security institutions and is analyzed through invest the calculation method (space syntax).
The results of the research showed that there are four areas ((4 zones) where crime is concentrated in the city and the growth of crime is related to the change of the synthetic characteristics of spatial organization (Connectivity, control, and Integration) of urban space. On the other hand, the diversity of crime in urban areas is related to other parallel phenomena and not to the structural characteristics of urban space.