Journal Of Wassit For Science & Medicine

Lectin is a type of protein that found in most common kinds of nutrients. The human body is unable to digest it, therefore lectin passes through a gastrointestinal tract and linked to sugar. It is importance lactin bind to have an immune response, as it gains the body’s immunity, meaning it is used as an antioxidant. To extract lactin protein from mushroom, the worked utilized 1 kg of mushroom for all three steps. The first step involved cell destruction and extraction by transferring 1kg of mushroom into distilled water (100 mL), and the addition of sodium chloride (11.7 g) in mixer then filtered by gauzes and filter paper. The second step includes precipitation process using five different concentrations of ammonia sulphate of (20, 40, 60, 80, 100 %) for 50 mL of the extract mushroom. The final step involved dialysis by semipermeable membrane made of cellulose acetate or nitrocellulose. The result of extraction process is indicated by spectrophotometer from measurement the sample that precipitated using ammonia sulphate. Moreover, the extracted, the purified lectin protein from fungi was utilized as antibiotic against diseases.

The separation axioms in particular that concerned with ideal topological spaces are discussed widely in the literature because they classify the spaces depending on the validity of each axiom of separating either the points or the subsets. In this work, new type of separation axioms in ideal topological spaces are defined which is more natural than these appear in the literature. This new classis of separation axioms depends on the notion of pre-δ-open. Properties of these sorts are studied and the relationships among these concepts are discussed.

Concerns have been raised about the potential environmental dangers connected with ZnO nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) entering aquatic systems due to the growing use of ZnO NPs in various fields. This study looked about how freshwater fish (Cyprinus carpio) respond to sub-chronic exposure to ZnO NPs through food. Common carp (C. carpio) from nearby fish hatcheries were employed in this investigation (city of Madaan, south of Baghdad). These fish had an approximate length and weight of 15-18 cm and 120-5 gram, respectively. Once every day, fish fed commercial fish meal. They were acclimated in 40 L aquariums (60 x 40 x 50 cm) with continuous aeration and 16- and 8-hours photoperiod for 12 days prior to the commencement of the experiment. For six weeks, two groups of fishes were treated to doses of 250 and 500 mg/l. Samples were taken six weeks after the ZnO NPs exposure. Five fish from every ZnO NPs treated group as well as the associated controls were taken out, killed, and preserved in formalin after necessary exposure times for tissue samples (liver, gills, kidney, and ovaries). The tissues samples exhibit pathological changes as a result, particularly at concentrations of 500 mg/l of Zinc oxide nanoparticles.

In this research, we present an analytical study of the effect of resistance to flow blood through a narrowed artery for catheterization. Vascular diseases are among the most common diseases in countries of the world that can cause cerebral clots or strokes. Where stenosis is the occurrence of abnormal growth on the artery wall, which causes obstruction, in the movement of blood flow, the current model simulates the study of blood flow, given that the blood is Newtonian, incompressible, and steady, with a viscosity and density constant. It was built mathematically to describe the movement of the physiological fluid that represents blood in a gap between two eccentric tubes, where the inner tube is a solid and unified one that represents the moving catheter. While the other is a tapered cylindrical one that represents the artery with overlapping stenosis, where the insertion of the stenosis leads to a change in the blood characteristics (axial velocity, flux and resistance) .The current results showed that the increase in the axial velocity of the stationary catheter is much higher than that of the fixed one, and that the flow resistance increases with the stenosis of the artery.

Dermatophytosis is a contagious infection of the skin, nails, and hair that is spread by direct or indirect contact. There was a failure of standard therapy, resulting in the establishment of recurring and chronic dermatophytosis. The aim of study is to assess the extensive areas of tinea infections, the resistant and recurrent tinea infection, and the efficacy of antifungal drug on clinical cure. This is a type of cohort study was carried out at the outpatient clinic of the department of Dermatology of Salah Al-Deen General Hospital in Tikrit City in the period from October 2020 till June 2021 samples of 100 patients were included. Patients were given anti-fungal treatment and followed up for 3 months. Result is Trichophyton mentagrophytes were the most prevalent isolate. The study revealed statistically significant association between types of treatment and outcome (P = 0.001) Griseofulvin treatment had 33 % (no response) Itraconazole treatment has 9.6 % recurrent and 19.2 % no response. In conclusion the occurrence of atypical dermatophyte infections is rising and now become a Great Imitator. They become extremely extensive and late to diagnose.

Cryptosporidiosis caused by Cryptosporidium spp. It is a zoonotic disease that is the most prevalent, so the study was conducted to evaluate the anti-cryptosporidiosis efficacy of alcoholic and aqueous spirulina algae extracts in comparison with Azithromycin in the intestines of infected mice. Fecal samples were collected from patients at Al-Kout Hospital suffering from diarrhea in the period November 2021 to February 2022, and 124 microscopic samples of both sexes were examined using a modified Ziell-Nelson stain to detect eggs infected with the parasite. Isolation and flotation purification with shither sugar solution and preservation in potassium dichromate for the purpose of infection in mice. The Experimental study was on groups of 57 mice by dealing with oral parasite oral oocysts within 104 oocyst/ ml except for the negative group addressed by a fishery saline solution. To strict injury, the detailed mice has been examined with microscopic parasites using Ziehl-Nelson Stain, and molecular screening was performed using Multiplex PCR technology. After the mice were divided into five groups with the uninfected and untreated group kept as a healthy negative control. The first group which included 21 mice was treated after it was divided into three subgroups A, B, C for each secondary group 7 mice they were treated with alcoholic extract of Spirulina at different concentrations 50, 100, 150 mg/ml on the respectively, while the second group which included 21 mice on three groups A, B, and C was treated with aqueous extract of Spirulina at the previous concentrations for three consecutive days for each concentration. The third group was treated with azithromycin at a concentration of 500 ml, and the positive control group remained infected with the parasite and was not treated. After treatment a microscopic examination was performed by evaluating the excretion average of parasite oocysts using a hematocytometer slide. The results of histological examination showed that treatment with alcoholic and aqueous Spirulina algae extracts led to remarkable repair and regeneration with restructuring in all sections of the small intestine infected with Cryptosporidium spp. parasite to varying degrees according to the concentrations used. Whereas the groups treated with Spirulina algae extracts showed epithelial layers renewed with the formation of non-enlarged cells and less edema, in addition less infiltration of inflammatory cells was observed in the submucosal layer. There was a slight inflammation in the tissues of the duodenum, jejunum and ileum with a clear decrease in inflation and the degree of inflammation as well as less severe lesions in the intestinal tissues treated with alcoholic and aqueous extract of Spirulina algae in the highest concentrations with complete disappearance of parasite oocysts.