Journal Of Wassit For Science & Medicine

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative illness marked by progressive damage of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra. Synuclein-α protein plays a key role in this term by aggregating in clumps of Lewy bodies causing PD. Despite unclear etiology of PD, growing indications show that PD pathogenesis is associated with gene expression dysregulation. Transcription factors (TFs) are the key players in regulating gene expression. In this study, we employed a bioinformatics tool to predict TF binding to Synuclein-α (SNCA)gene utilizing DNA sequences, epigenetic modifications, TF binding motifs, and creating machine learning algorithms. PROMO database was utilized to identify candidate TFs. Here we found TFs that act as regulators of neuronal function and dopaminergic signaling pathways, including members of the Forkhead box family, and nuclear factor-kappa B family members such as c-Jun, and STATs family. These findings provide a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying PD disease and determine potential therapeutic targets.

Bladder cancer (BC) is the most common malignant tumor in the urinary tract and the tenth most common malignant tumor throughout the world, with an estimated 4:1 male-to-female ratio. Men are primarily affected by it. Bladder cancer is the fourth most common malignant tumor in men and the eighth most common cancer in women in Iraq. Copper is an essential component of cells. Copper can participate in a variety of reactions by acting as an electron donor or recipient copper could have a role in the etiology, severity, and progression of cancer disease. Zinc the second most common trace element in the human body. Zinc plays a critical role in healthy human physiology and has also been linked to a few pathophysiological conditions. This study aimed to assess the level of zinc and copper in bladder cancer patients as well as the impact of changes in these minerals on the disease. Cu in patients’ group was significantly higher (146.09 ± 14.06 μg/dl) in compared to control (109.42 ± 17.04 μg/dl), p-≤ 0.001. while the mean of Zn in patients’ group was significantly lower (68.87 ± 11.13mg/dl) than mean in control group (98.20 ± 14.33mg/dl), p-≤ 0.001. The mean of Zn/Cu ratio in patients’ group was significantly lower (0.48 ± 0.11) than mean in control group (0.92 ± 0.22), p ≤ 0.001.

In this study, a series of 5-(5-{(Z)-[(4-R1)methylidene]amino}-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)benzene-1,2,3-triol (L1-3), and 4-(5-{(Z)-[(4-R1)methylidene]amino}-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)benzene-1,2-diol (L4-6) compounds were synthesized, where R1 = 4-Nitro, 4-bromo, 4-chloro. The reaction between benzoic acid derivatives and hydrazinecarbothioamide in the basic medium gave the intended products with high yield and purity. The preparation of the compounds was confirmed by spectroscopic measurements in addition to physical properties. The biological properties of the prepared compounds were studied by molecular docking. The binding interaction between the new synthesized derivatives of 1,3,4-thiadiazole and the target, ADP-sugar pyrophosphatase, was studied. One of these 1,3,4-thiadiazole derivatives, 5-(5-{(Z)-[(4-nitrophenyl)methylidene]amino}-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)benzene-1,2,3-triol (L3) showed a high binding and coordination with its target. Molecular docking showed a docking score = −8.9 kcal/mol and MM-GBSA = −31.5 kcal/mol. The molecular docking estimation for the (L3) compound exhibited that four hydrogen bonds were created with NUDT5 Gene.