Muthanna Journal of Engineering and Technology(MJET)

According to Modern Semiotics, the perceiver is the main factor in interpreting the meaning, in general, and in architecture in particular, the thought is that the perceiver’s cultural and personal background would affect the formulation of his/her interpretation of architectural meanings, and then affect the transformation of these meanings in time. This research assumes that (Emotion) influences the interpretation of meaning, especially in architecture as it is linked with the memory of place, where memory interacts with the “Sensory Diffusion” and “Knowledge” in the process of thinking and interpreting the research discusses the time factor in the transformation of the interpretations as well. This argument is clarified in theories of appreciation, aesthetics, and perception, with the semiotic triangle. Different types of various groups in society have been chosen according to variety of cultural background, a questionnaire has been designed to investigate this in the interpretation of Iraqi architecture, to interpret six samples of Iraqi architecture varying in time and function. Main findings showed the connection between meanings and emotional responses, in the interpretation, but mostly in transformation of the interpretation over time for Iraqi architecture.

Architectural Programming is one of the most important scientific methodologies used for pre-design planning, and because the process of rebuilding Mosul is a complex process, so it needs that stage, and in order to identify its stages and the most important analytical methods that it used. The research reviewed the most important literature, as it became clear that the client’s goals were not clearly and precisely defined, an analytical study of real examples from the architectural programming literature examined in order to determine the locations of the client’s embodiment of the “Site issue” of the old Mosul. Where the research assumed the variation in the embodiment position of the user and expert goals, and the “Delphi method” used in order to determine the physical locations that represent the formal possibilities of the client, which requires the use of a resolution. The questionnaire data analyzed using descriptive and inferential methods of analysis, the study discover the formal potentials of the user and the experts, and it found that the user and the expert agree with the goals regarding the issue of the site, but they differ in terms of the degree of importance.

Through cushioning the pressures caused from high traffic at prior asphalt, a reinforcing interlayer delays the formation of cracks at bitumen overlay. Experimental effort comprises of laboratory testing that better known behavior of sand as a subgrade and its impact on flexible pavement and base-course layer during earthquakes. The sand layer was 600 mm thick; the base was 200 mm thick, and the asphalt layer was constructed as a panel with dimensions of 300*300*50 mm, representing surface. These layers are put to the test with varied earthquake loading frequencies of 0.5, 1, and 1.5 Hz. Experiments were divided into two sections: one without geogrid and the other with geo-grid at center of -base and among base and sand. It was discovered that the frequency of ground movement causes cracks in the asphalt layer, which increases with shaking frequency and reduces with geogrid installation.