Muthanna Journal of Engineering and Technology(MJET)

The inter-granular-Nano porous 0.65PMN-0.35PT ceramic abbreviated as “PMNT were fabricated for the first time by introducing pore forming agent multi walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT), the thermal analysis of Nano tube, and the effect of MWCNT ratio on their density, phase analysis, microstructure were investigated. the complete burnout of the MWCNT as pore forming agent was about 850℃. The ideal sintering procedure of PMNT ceramic was arranged in agreement with thermo gravimetric reading of Nano material. XRD test indicated that MWCNT as Nano voids shaping factor did not influence on PMNT ceramic crystallographic structure. The porosity of PMNT ceramic 24% more than that of pure sample while the density difference between dense and porous was very low ~1.53 g/cm3 at a fixed MWCNT addition.

In current study, an assessment has been done for the efficacy of using coagulation and oxidation technique for removing organic pollutants from industrial water of petroleum refinery, that will give an advantage to reuse treated water, and reduce environment pollutions. The study shows at low Fe (VI) concentrations potassium ferrate (VI) (K2FeO4) has outstanding antiseptic possessions and can deactivate a wide range of microorganisms. In addition, using Fe (VI) presenting Fe (III) as a byproduct, which is a harmless and an ecologically friendly substance ion, because its treatment does not produce any chlorination. For the data, the experimental designed via response surface methodology by the Box-Behnken design remained rummage-sale to analyze the three effects operating limits: ferrate concentration, oxidation time, pH, and their properties on the approach of the aforementioned pollutants removal. The study revealed that the constancy of potassium ferrate solution peaked at a pH of 6-7 and that a high concentration of ferrate solution was more stable than a low concentration.

In order to fulfill our modern world demand, Free Space Optics (FSO) is developed. And (multiple input multiple output) MIMO-FSO systems have been put in place to analysis and implement the exhaustive achievement for transfers the data in wider bandwidth and in the form of light waves to achieves higher data rate transmission using different encoding schemes executed with four various communication channels. The various meteorological turbulence such as wind, snow, fog, rain, etc significantly affected MIMO-FSO transmission medium performance as means of reception and transmission FSO system employ direct detection and intensity modulation. MIMO-FSO systems simulation has been analyzed as a function of link range, bit rate and transmitted power, however, FSO widespread growth has been restrain by reliability issues and availability. With consideration to the value of Q. Factor, Eye Diagram and BER. The Simulation results characterize that MIMO-FSO system play a good solution with meteorological turbulence. Compare to the low power and minimum distortion for long distance While maintaining reliability. The result displayed that RZ is the preferable type of modulation accommodate a large value of Q-factor. while NRZ allocate on top of Q-factor values in case in MIMO-FSO. It is precious noticing that improving the achievement of MIMO-FSO system is highly dependent on the Meteorological turbulence, specially by link range, bit rate and transmitted power. However, noting this performance increasing led to cost and complexity also increases.

This research focuses on the investigation of corbels constructed using slurry-infiltrated fiber concrete (SIFCON). A total of twelve SIFCON corbels were fabricated in a controlled laboratory setting, with each corbel varying in certain parameters. These parameters include the volume fraction of steel fibers, which were set at three different ratios of 5, 6, and 7%. Additionally, the study examined the influence of the shear span to effective depth ratio, with values of 0.4, 0.5, and 0.6 being considered. Furthermore, the impact of a combination of micro and hook fibers, as well as the effect of reinforcement steel bars, were also investigated. The variables have affected on the mechanical properties of concrete, including the percentage of fiber, as by increasing the percentages, notice an improvement in the performance of the concrete, ultimate load, and cracking loads, also a reduction in deflection. The augmentation of steel fiber content from 5 to 7% resulted in notable enhancements in splitting tensile strength and flexural strength, with increases of approximately 32 and 22.4% respectively. Additionally, the compressive strength and modulus of elasticity shown improvements of approximately 11.3 and 12% respectively, where the effect of the shear ratio on the models was negative, as this effect appeared on the ultimate load, and on the crack load. The crack modes exhibited a flexural tension. These cracks initiated at the junction lines between the corbel and the column, or in its vicinity, and subsequently spread along the face of the column.

The study numerically examined eight concrete deep beam specimens seven with strut and one reference with normal reinforcement the reinforcement quantity varied among the specimens, yet none exceeded the amount present in the reference sample. In instances where an excessive amount of reinforcement was situated in the strut area, it was judiciously redistributed to bolster the reinforcement configuration of the specimens. The specimen tested using abaqus program. Upon examining the results, it was observed that the strut reinforcement technique was more effective than conventional reinforcement, providing an (5% to 10%) increase in maximum load capacity depending on the type of concrete used. Additionally, it resulted in a decrease of (6 to 42%) in the amount of compression reinforcement needed. The study also revealed that having additional reinforcement, such as shear reinforcement or any other reinforcement, in the mid-span of a deep beam and away from the stress zone does not provide any significant benefit, unlike reinforcement in the stress zone, which increases the strength of the beam. It was also noted that cracks are formed in the shear and flexural zones at reference specimen when a load less than the specimens with strut is applied. The displacement in specimens with strut was less than of reference sample. It was also found that strain in specimens with strut reinforcement was lower than in reference specimen.

The research investigates the urban scene as a witness to the city’s memory and heritage and an expression of its cultural values. The urban scene, if sudden and unstudied visual images appear in it, and thus the emergence of different models between one axis and another, hence the research problem (disruption of the relationship between the constituent styles of the urban scene within the historical axes and the emergence of sudden visual images), Therefore, the research will aim to determine the reasons for the discontinuity in the visual sequence of the style and the emergence of sudden visual images of the urban scene. However, Baghdad, with its high cultural value, began to be interrupted as a result of interventions, which separated many parts of it from the urban style around it. The research will depend on the qualitative approach. The research concluded that Al-Rasheed Street suffers from a visual interruption in some parts of its urban scene as a result of social reasons related to individual or political transgressions related to the absence of penalties or economic ones related to the increase in the value of the land, in addition to the impact of the urban side that results in the removal or demolition of historic buildings. Furthermore, this led to a negative impact on the model of Al-Rasheed Street.

Ultrasound imaging, commonly known as sonography, is a medical diagnostic procedure that generates images of interior organs and tissues within the body by using high-frequency sound waves. Because of being non-ionizing, inexpensive, reproducible, non-invasive, simple-to-use, and able to display flow data performance characteristics, ultrasonic imaging has gained international interest. As a result, researchers and engineers sought to improve image quality. Image enhancement methods are used to minimize noise in medical image and raise the quality of imaging in term of contrast, speckle homogeneity and resolution and reduce artifacts that produced from proposed algorithms. Several academic papers in the literature use traditional image enhancement approaches. The primary goal of this paper is to highlight the properties and limitations of a number important and commonly used image enhancing techniques that aim to overcome the reduced imaging quality that result from unfocusing of plane wave imaging.

In recent decades, Concrete filled steel tube (CFST) columns have been widely utilized in construction due to their high strength, ductility, energy absorption, fire resistance, and cost reduction due to the absence of formwork. Estimating the Axial compressive capacity (ACC) of short rectangular CFST columns has been the subject of numerous experiments. In this study, artificial neural network was used to make predictions regarding the ACC of CFST columns. Multi fed forward back propagation and Adaptive neuro fuzzy inference system were used. 512 experimental tests were collected from the literature. One thousand models for multi fed forward back propagation and one hundred for adaptive neuro fuzzy inference system were trained and tested. artificial neural network models are evaluated by using statistical analysis to validate and test the prediction models. The best models were selected by using the Root mean square error (RMSE) and Coefficient of determination (R2). Using the RMSE, R2, and Mean absolute percentage error (MAPE), the best models were compared to design code formulas. As a result, the best model performed much better in every performance measure. The best model for multi fed forward back propagation has better performance in comparison with the best model for adaptive neuro fuzzy inference system. For interested users and researchers, a graphical user interface was created using the best model for multi fed forward back.

The maintenance cost is the main challenge of the industrial environment especially that related to the expansive machine. Many faults caused damage to the machine as the oil flow, pressure, vibration, and temperature. The vibration fault of the rotating machine is producing damage if been in the danger zone. In this work, the vibration fault of the induction motor has been detected and classified based on wireless and artificial intelligence techniques. The C++ code was utilized to design and implement the wireless sensor, while the MATLAB code was used for the constructed artificial intelligent part. The results showed that the vibration error can be detected early if the beam length is reduced in the wireless sensor. The system was designed based on utilizing the wireless sensor (sensor of vibration, microprocessor, Zig Bee), while the second part contained the coordinator to collect data from the wireless sensor and the cod for processing and analyzing data within a computer. The method proposed in this work shows that the processing time required to collect and analyze vibration data is 2.63 seconds, which is less than the processing time in other methods. The system can be used with other types of machines based on the training of new neural networks to obtain new information to reduce detection time and classification.