NTU Journal of Renewable Energy

In recent years,there has been an urgent need in world for electricity. It has being increased constantly with the expansion of energy consumption via traditional energy sources which are depleting. The world has needed to turn to alternative energy, which is represented by renewable energy. The most important and most efficient of these is solar energy, and to get the maximum value of this energy with the highest efficiency, there should be direct monitoring of the performance of these solar panels. So, in this study, the Internet of Things (IoT) was used as a remote monitoring system to obtain the main factors like load current, terminal voltage, consumption power, temperature, humidity, and light intensity. The values were real and accurate, depending on the use of Adriano and sensors to measure the above-mentioned determinants and then using Wi-Fi technology to send the data that was processed in the circuit. Then the thing speak platform was used to display, analyze, and store the results in real-time

Alternative fuels reduce the carbon footprint of internal combustion engines. Biofuels are the most important alternative fuels. Manufacturing processes for biofuels have made it possible to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from well to wheel. There are a number of popular alternative fuels for use in internal combustion (IC) engines, including biodiesel, bioethanol, and bio methanol. Biodiesel and petroleum diesel fuel blends in compression ignition (CI) engines have received a lot of attention. Biofuel is any liquid fuel derived from "biomass," such as plants and animal waste. Biofuels replace gasoline and diesel. Biofuels are promising because the carbon dioxide (CO2) they emit is recycled through the environment. Biofuel plants collect CO2 from the air and release it when burned. In principle, biofuels can be a "carbon neutral" or "carbon negative" means to power automobiles, trucks, and planes. Biofuels can reduce CO2 emissions without requiring many infrastructural changes. They can be used in existing cars and mass-produced from biomass like chemicals and pharmaceuticals. Future biofuels may be moved using current pipelines. Making carbon-neutral biofuels is difficult. Fermentation, processing energy, transportation, and even plant nutrients can produce CO2 and other greenhouse gases before biofuels are consumed. Biomass agriculture can have climate consequences if it replaces CO2-storing woods. How biofuels are generated and used affects their potential as a climate solution.

The production of unique architecture is an important trend for designers in the current era, as it is a way to show the superiority and development of the country and the city in general and the designer in particular by adding a distinctive feature within the urban context, and with the increasing in the products of this trend appeared with it the different formal methods and mechanisms that were used to reach a stable output. formally. This paper deals with the most important formal mechanisms that play a major role in the uniqueness of architectural production and tests it on the most important distinctive architectural features in the urban context of the city of Mosul.

There is governmental, academic, and business interest in new emerging renewable energy sources, such as solar energy. In particular, how and how much it produces energy and the environmental impact of these sources. To highly benefit from renewable energies, new methods should be utilized. In this paper, the Microcontroller Arduino Uno board has been used and programmed by Arduino software to build a system as a photo-sensor (Active) Single Axis Solar Tracker System (SASTS). The system was created using a solar panel, two Light Dependent Resistance (LDR) have been used on the two sides (north/south) of the photovoltaic (PV), and a servo motor is connected to the Uno board. The tracking system is constructed to procure the data using the Microcontroller Uno board and specially designed mechanical base. Based on the extracted results, the influence of the SASTS on increasing the solar panel performance is more evident than the outcome Maximum Power Point (MPP) of MATLAB Simulink. Continuously, the SASTS searches for the sun and its position in the sky and puts the PV direct to the sun. Significantly, the tracker system raises the power ratio of the PV. As a result, it significantly increases the solar panel's performance and increases by 55.2% on average during the daytime.

The main problem of gas turbine generating units operating in the simple cycle system is their relatively low thermal efficiency, which leads to large thermal energy losses. The current research aims to study the economic analysis of Kirkuk gas power plant. Field data of gas turbine unit for the year of 2019 were used. The results of the study showed that the cost of exported energy is higher than the cost of energy produced. The results showed a 23% increase in the cost of energy produced in summer compared to winter. A decrease in actual production compared to the planned production is observed by 12.8%, where the highest actual production for the month of March was 162,108 MW, while the planned was 186,000 MW. Also, the month of July witnessed a very low fuel consumption rate for natural gas compared to the rest of the months, where the average fuel consumption was 0.273 m3/kW, while the month of January has a high fuel consumption rate for natural gas compared to the rest of the year with average fuel consumption of 0.312 m3/kW. The rate of increase in fuel consumption between July and January was 14.2%, and the results also showed that the ratio of production to design capacity for January was the highest and amounted to 87%, and the highest efficiency reached 33%, while July was the lowest production rate in terms of design capacity, reaching 53% and efficiency of 29.8%.

This paper is regarding the design and program of a Microcontroller Arduino Uno board using Arduino software to work as a photo-sensor (Active) Single Axis Solar Tracker System (SASTS). A solar panel, two photo-resistors which are also known as Light-Dependent Resistors (LDRs) on two sides (north/south) of the photovoltaic (PV,) and a servo motor are connected to the Uno board, which is previously running a code that is prepared by Arduino Integrated Development Environment (IDE) then it works as a tracking system. Here, the LDRs send the signal of the presence or absence of the light to the board and based on that signal the Uno reflects a new signal to the servo motor to rotate and find the light source. Lastly, the photo sensor single-axis tracker is made. While the system tries to move the panel face to the sun and change the irradiance intensity, in the meantime it starts a search to find the angle of the highest irradiance. Based on the results that are extracted from the data, the tracker system significantly boosts the output power ratio of the solar panel. Through using the Micro-controller Uno board, LDRs, servo motor, and specially designed mechanical base, the tracking system is constructed, determined from acquired data the influence of the STS on increasing the solar panel power ratio is tremendously obvious. Significantly, the tracker system rises the power ratio of the PV system. Significantly, the tracker system raises the power ratio of the PV. As a result, the tracker system remarkably boosts the output power ratio of the solar panel and increases by up to 32.18%.