Academic Science Journal

One hundred and eighty five urine samples were collected eight isolates (4.3%) were obtained and diagnosed as Staphylococcus aureus. The identification of all S. aureus isolates was confirmed by conventional biochemical tests. Among 8 isolates, 5 (62.5%) S. aureus isolates were found to be enterotoxigenic . Approximately most of isolates produced at least two types of staphylococcal enterotoxins ( SEs). These enterotoxins may be important in the physiopathology of urinary tract infection . The production of staphylococcal enterotoxins (A–D) in the presence or absence of Thymus vulgaris the crude extracts (aqueous and alcoholic ) were was estimated in microtiter plates using a reversed passive latex agglutination (SET-RPLA) kit . The extracts reduced enterotoxin production at subminimal inhibitory concentrations compared with the control. At 400 μg/ml , total enterotoxin inhibition was observed for enterotoxin C production, whereas production of enterotoxins A, B, and D were totally eliminated at 800 μg/ml . The results show that the aqueous and alcoholic extracts from the leaves of T. vulgaris significantly decreased, in a dose-dependent manner, the production of SEA, SEB,SEC and SED by S. aureus .

This paper considers a branch and bound (BAB) algorithm for simultaneous multicriteria problem of minimizing the sum of the three criteria of total completion time, maximum tardiness and maximum late work within the single machine context.Late work is the amount of work executed after a given due date. Heuristic method was used to find an upper bound. This BAB proposes a lower bound based on the decomposition property of the multicriteria problem. Based on results of computational experiments, conclusions are presented on the efficiency of the BAB algorithm.

In this research the preparation of target compound was completed in three sequential steps. Starting from furfural alcohol (1) that was converted to racemic 4-hydroxycyclopent-2-enone (2) in 39% yield after treated with catalytic amount of KH2PO4 in water as a solvent. Protection of the free hydroxyl group in (2) with t-butyldimethylsilyl chloride in the presence of DMAP was the next step to furnish compound (3) in yield of 50%. Organocuprate conjugate addition on (3) provide compound (4) in yield of 50%.

This research include kinetics study (3) compound for new substituted Chalcones derived from drugs [ 1- ( 4-aminophenyl )-3-( furan-2-yl ) prop - 2-en-1-one ( C1 ), 3-methyl-4-(4-nitrobenzylidene)-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-5(4H)-one(C2) , 5-(3-phenylacryloyl)3H-spiro [benzofuran-2,1-cyclopropan]-3-one(C3) ] with different substituent Schiff bases [(E)-N-(4-nitrobenzylidene)-1-phenylmethanamine (B1), (E)-N-benzylidene-1-(4-bromophenyl) methanamine (B2), (E) -4- (binzylimino) methyl) -2-methoxyphenol (B3)] in alkaline media, such as potassium hydroxide solution in presence of 1,2.dichloromethane by using fluorescence technology to determine the rate constants of reaction , (the preparation of newly derivatives of Chalcones, through the reaction of each of compounds of pharmaceutical ketones and aldehydes by using Clesin -Schmidt condensation in the presence of ethanol solvent Furthermore, The structures of all compounds were identified by the physical and spectroscopic methods) , extensive kinetics measurement had been performed for the study of the interactions between Chalcones and Schiff bases ,applying two kinetics model pseudo first order for the product and second order for the intermediate state , through application of Arrhenius equation at different temperature (293-323K) It was obtained on the activation energies and A factors values, also the entropies of activation were calculated.it was found that the all measured rates and estimated energy factors were affected by many factors such as substituent and steric factors , the functioning confirms through which the nucleophile reaction.

To resolve genetic relationships among traditionally recognized taxa at the molecular level, , Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA( RAPD) marker was used for Taxonomic relationship and genetic diversity among six taxa of Lamiaceae family including four taxa of Clinopodium (C. vulgare subsp. vulgare, C. congstum, and C. umbrosum) and two taxa of Hymenocrater (H. longiflorus, H. bitiominosus) and one of (Melissa Melissa officinalis subsp. officinalis) some were described for the first time in Kurdistan region of Iraq. DNA was extracted from the leaves of these taxa, using a modified protocol because these kinds of plants are having polyphenols and other secondary metabolites which directly or indirectly interfere with the enzymatic reactions. Only five primers from the ten universal primers of RAPD analysis gave reproducible polymorphic bands among the studied taxa . Out of thirty bands produced seventeen were monomorphic and the rest were polymorphic, which can be used to discriminate between the studied taxa. There were monomorphic bands within the species of the genus Clinopodium which shared all the amplified products (except one) using the ten primers in this study. The presence of specific band in any taxa , indicates the genetic distinctness of them so as the missing bands in one taxa , which may be used in the taxa differentiation. Species of Hymenocrater have the most sharing bands and discriminating from the other studied genera using RAPD marker and so was Melissa officinalis subsp. officinalis, which have unique profile and discriminated from the other studied taxa using RAPD marker

Let R be a ring and let M be a left R-module. In this work we present a small pointwise projective module as generalization of pointwise projective module, we also introduce the notations of small pointwise projective hollow modules, amply supplemented small pointwise projective module, small pointwise projective module M with finite spanning dimension, small pointwise hereditary module and we study their basic properties.

Objective: Malnutrition is produced and perpetuated in a complex pattern in the tropical countries where it is endemic. Gut parasites could produce malnutrition. In children, giardiasis is more often associated with diarrhea and malabsorption.
Materials: Stool samples were random collected from 289 students(142 males and 147 females) between the ages 6–14 from khalis city hospital during 2008-2009. Height, weight and Body Mass Index (BMI) parameters have been used in the present study to determine the nutrition status.
Results: A total percentage of malnutrition (wasting, stunting and BMI) were 37.7 %, 73.7% and 49.5% against 62.3%, 26.3% and 50.5 were normal, respectively. No significant differences observed between boys and girls and according to age groups. A parasitological stool examination result showed Giardia lamblia in only 11.4% of children. There was evidence of 15.6%, 14.1% and 14% of malnutrition status by W/H, H/Age and BMI concepts, respectively were associated with positive giardiasis.
Conclusion: The study concluded that gairdiasis could be a factor participate with other hygienic social factors that effect on nutritional status in primary school children in khalis city.

Back ground: The layers and structures of the skin serve as elaborate hosts to microbes, including a diversity of commensally and pathogenic bacteria that contribute to both human health and disease.
Aim: This study conducted to identify the microbes inhabiting the skin, and its density before and after hand washing.
Subjects &Methods: The study sample included 120 healthy undergraduate students from Diyala Medical College aged 20-22 years. Skin swabs from the hands before & after hand wash were taken. Detergent & disinfectants were used in hand washing.
Results: The results reveal that there were many types of bacteria inhabiting the skin, decreased in density after hand washing.

A stable Schiff bases were prepared by condensation reaction between equimolar quantities of aromatic aldehydes with aromatic amines. Aromatic Schiff bases were undergo nucleophilic addition with acetyl chloride to give N-(chloro(phenyl)methyl)-N-phenylacetamides. The reaction of latter with diethylmalonate in basic medium yeild diethyl-2-(phenyl(N-phenylacetamido)methyl)malonates. The latter condense with urea in basic medium to give derivatives of barbiturate which used in the medical field as hypnotics. The prepared compounds were identified by FT.IR and UV-Vis spectroscopy.

The study convers preparation of four amino Ag+ complexes and characterization , in molecular formula :[Ag(SMZ)(NO3)(H2O)].H2O, [Ag(NAM)(NO3)(H2O)], [Ag(SCM)(NO3)(H2O)], [Ag(PAB)2(NO3)(H2O)].2H2O. Where: SMZ=Sulfamethoxazole, NAM=Nicotinamide, SCM= Sulfacetamide and PAB=p-Aminobenzoic acid. All four prepared complexes have been characterized as needed by FT-IR, U.V-Vis, atomic absorption, elemental microanalysis (C.H.N), electrical molar conductivity along with melting point. The study revealed that the expected geometrical formula of the four complexes was tetrahedral.

125 Soil samples were collected from Najaf province which located within the southern deserts and Mesopotamia plain to determine the geogenic geochemical background range values for some chemical elements in the province. Some minor and trace elements (Al2O3, Fe2O3, SO3, Cu, Zn, U, Cr and Ni) were analyzed by Titration and Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS) and chemical properties of soil such as PH and the presence of salt (TDS, SO3), are statistically treated in this study to extract natural background values for these terrains. Natural (geogenic) background range values are presented in two ways: the first involved all analytical results including natural anomalous values and the second after removing values above the statistically calculated threshold. The concentration range values for the studied area are comparable to those reported for world soil with some exceptions. Higher upper range values are noticed for Cr, but the median values are within the world range. The distribution of minor elements ( Al2O3, Fe2O3 and SO3) is largely controlled by parent rocks. Some trace elements are also related to source rocks, especially U, Cr and Ni. Sulfate is enriched by authigenic processes. This study clearly emphasizes the impact of various soil – forming processes, parent rocks, physiography and climate on the geogenic background range of the analysed elements. It also suggests that local environmental studies to demonstrate pollution cases should consider comparison with backgrounds of the uncontaminated soil related to the same physiographic terrain instead of making conclusions based on comparison with world averages for soil.

In this research, nanocomposites of thermoplastic polymer (Poly Methyl Methacrylate, PMMA) and nanoparticles reinforcement (Zirconium Oxides, ZrO2) have been fabricated by solution casting method. ZrO2/PMMA nanocomposites have been prepared with different weight fraction (0, 1, 1.5, 2.5, 3 and 5 wt%) of ZrO2 particles with help of chloroform as a solvent. Some physical properties, such as : mechanical properties (tensile strength, hardness), thermal properties (glass transition temperature, thermal conductivity) of prepared samples as

The study conducted to indicate the contamination degree in the locally produced of broilers freeze meat that caused of food poisoning by determined of Shigella SPP bacteria, and its effect in public health with experimentally comparative measurements of Shigella spp. 60 samples of locally produced broilers were been collected, 30 samples to each summer (July – August) and winter (December – January) to investigate their microbial load of this bacteria. The results showed in all summer and winter samples were differential significant (p<0.01) microbial count of Shigella spp .and we showed the same significant (p<0.01) of CFU/ g of shigella bacteria count from summer neither than winter

In this work CdO films were prepared by chemical bath deposition technique(CBD) where the cadmium nitrat salt was used as a source of cadmium ions(Cd+2) , the effect of the annealing at (373,473.573,673) K for 60 min on the structural and optical properties is

With the advancements in the field of assisted reproductive technologies including intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), it is necessary to detect the presence of y chromosome microdeletion regions (AZF) Azoospermia factor which is considered the main genetic causes of male infertility. The current study was conducted to achieve the genetic factors in infertile men needed to conceive with ICSI by detection of Y chromosome microdeletion regions using

The study was included 100 isolates of Escherichia coli from 350 samples from women with Urinary Tract Infections From different regions in Diyala Province. All samples were collected from 2013 / 10 / 15 to 18/2/ 2014.All bacterial isolates were identified by the biochemical cultural and microbial characteristics and confirmed by API-20E , VITEKA2system.The serological test was performed by slide agglutination test, and 19 Isolates with percentage (19%) gave positive

The study contained prepared Schiff bases (4-Bromobenzyldene-4-Nitroaniline, 4-Methoxybenzyldene-4-Bromo aniline, 4_Tolubenzyldene-4-Nitroaniline,4-Nitrobenzayldene-4-Nitroaniline, 4_Nitrobenzyldene-4-Aminoaniline),and prepared charge transferecomplexes from reaction that bases with some electron acceptor (DNB,TNP) in temperature (100C ),

Nickel – Cadmium ferrites having the chemical formula (Ni1-xCdxFe2O4), (0 ≤ X ≤ 0.5) were prepared by using powders technology method. The grain size of the ferrite samples were estimated from X-ray diffraction studies after the confirmation of the formation of single phase spinel structure of the ferrites. We found that the Lattice constant and density (ρx-ray),

The effect of different concentrations of kerosene had been examined upon Oscillatoria chlorina, The optical density had been depended as measure for growth as well as chlorophyll concentration, Phycocyanin pigment and protein concentration as an indicator of kerosene effects on Oscillatoria chlorina, in addition to morphological changes. The optical density of growth in the control sample was (0.43), while it was (0.36) at 0.25% kerosene concentration, and the growth inhibited at ≥ 1%. At 0.25% kerosene, the chlorophyll pigment concentration in the 8th day was half of that in control sample in the same day. Also that species tolerates the effect of this concentration of kerosene As the chlorophyll concentration record (0.72) mg/ml at the end of growth period. while influence of 0.5% kerosene, the chlorophyll pigment concentration was decline to 0.42 mg/ml, and totally reduced under 1% & 2% of kerosene concentration. The protein concentration also reduced under the effect of 0.25% & 0.5%of kerosene and totally reduced at 1% & 2% of kerosene. Some morphological changes noted under the effect of kerosene as thickening of cell wall and increase in cellular diameter. As well as the absorption spectrum infrared by FTIR show that the Oscillatoria chlorina consume sy & asy methyl group (CH3) at (2870 cm-1) & (2950 cm-1), and absence of bending bundle at the (1430 cm-1) & (1380 cm-1) which were present in the control sample

The Chard(Beta vulgaris L. cicla) has been analyses for the main phytochemical composition , the quantitative contents of phenolic compounds were (1592±11.015)mg/100g , Flavonoids(10.833±0.611)% , while amount of chlorophyll extraction by methanol was(35.573±2.069) μg/g.also the moisture content , total soilds , fat ,carbohydrate , ash , fiber, total protein and the energy value were estimation with important amount of essential elements estimated by atomic absorpition include(K , Na , Ca , Fe , Mg , Zn , Ni , Mn , Pb , Cr , Co , Cd and N).The effect of chard plant powder and ethanolic extract were carried out on the levels of glucose and liver enzymes(AST,ALT,ALP)of adult male rabbits , this animals were divided into seven groups each group contain seven animals which include(C: As control group treated only vegetable oil)(G1,G2,G3: orally treated chard plant powder with(100,75,50) mg/kg/day)(G4,G5,G6: orally treated ethanolic extract with(10,20,30) mg/kg/day).The result indicated there was significant decreased at levels of glucose in all groups compared with control group .also there was significant decreased at levels of (AST)in groups treated with Chard plant powder,while groups treated with ethanolic extract showed significant increased compard with control group.While the levels of(ALT,ALP) the result indicated there was significant decreased compared with control group .