iklil for Humanity Studies

This research papers presents an account of Charles Collins’s training and major paintings before 1857 and of his complex and not yet fully understood relationship with the Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood. It argues that Collins himself was regarded by contemporaries as a much more central figure than the one he seems intended to play in the narrative of his friend William Holman Hunt in the pages of Pre-Raphaelitism and the Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood (1905). It shows that he was at least as troubled and tortured a spirit as any of the better-known members of the Brotherhood, and regarded as a standard bearer of the movement by many contemporary critics and commentators, even if the founding members narrated his participation in a way that seems meant to play down its importance or emphasise his lack of personal, sexual and artistic courage.
Charles Allston Collins among the Pre-Raphaelites
The difference with me was that I was already enjoying the brightness and glory of the haven where the crowned [painters] were resting [. . .] I was dandled on their knees, I took to drawing from mere habit [. . .] I looked upon the diadem as a part of manhood that must come, and now I begin to doubt and fear the issue.
Charles Collins, cited in W. Holman Hunt, Pre-Raphaelitism and the Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood, Vol. 1, p. 299

The purpose of this paper is to show that the imperative sentences in the selected Quranic verses do have the same modal force of English deontic modal sentences. It is argued, here, that the imperative sentences in the selected verses contribute to express similar illocutionary forces to that of the English deontic modal sentences. Results have shown that the imperative sentences are used to express various illocutionary forces other than the deontic obligative one. It is found that they express a range of 20 meanings like; advice, counseling and supplication...etc. So, the paper concluded that the imperative sentences in the Arabic language in general and in the Holy Quran in particular are like the English deontic modal sentences as they indicate the illocutionary force of obligation. Like English imperatives, the imperatives of the Holy Qura'n have a wide range of non-deontic meanings. However, they don't express the same meanings exactly.

Verbal and non-verbal codes of communication have a prominent role in shaping peoples’ everyday interaction and making it fruitful. People, occasionally, say what they do not mean or they do not mean what they say. Nevertheless, via using non-verbal codes such as eye contact ,people cannot deny, or hide what they have intended to do as such codes reflect what they actually think and feel .In addition to occurring in daily conversation, eye movement have their own power in literary genres including the dramatic ones. Taken Shakespeare’s play Hamlet as an example , eye communication is explained with reference to some quotations from the text. The study aims to reveal how this code contributes to the development of the plot ,shaping the characters and their inner emotion, and finally reflecting the themes available in the play. The study shows how Shakespeare’s Hamlet is rich in this non-verbal code ,eye contact, devoted to reflect a lot about the characters’ feelings ,beliefs ,and the relationship with each other. This result, in turn, reflects Shakespeare’s creativity and intelligence in appealing the readers’ minds and conveying themes of the play verbally as well as non-verbally.

Migration is generally considered one of the ancient phenomena in different societies, as it is an ancient - modern - phenomenon throughout history, as it includes the most important element of citizenship between the human being and the resources of the cosmic wealth. On the basis of this simple truth, man has spread throughout history throughout the earth, bringing with it the roots of various civilizations and civilizations.
Thus, immigration depends on its foundation on the human element, and it has the merit in building many countries and societies in this world, as it has an important pivotal role in supporting cultural enrichment and social and cultural communication between all societies.
Migration in general is one of the humanitarian principles that states have endorsed in their constitutions in order to allow their citizens to search for opportunities for a better life and try to contribute to the implementation of the mechanisms of progress and development for their countries, especially if those developing countries are expelling their people, and they are the ones whose citizens usually migrate in the first place to escape From living conditions and poor economic conditions, the emigration of young people comes at the forefront of social strata.
The migration of young people is at the forefront of the topics that the press focuses on because of the position and prominent position this segment represents in society. Therefore, this study examines the volume of issues of illegal immigration in the Iraqi press and the location of youth migration among these topics.

Media researchers believe that providing special rights for journalists is not a process of distinguishing journalists from other members of society, as much as it is related to the importance of the media and its relationship to society on the basis that the mission of the media is to provide information and convey facts and events to the general population. Therefore, journalists need protection and the ability to access information, because This relates to the right of society to obtain knowledge, information and facts in all aspects of life.
Therefore, defending the rights of journalists means giving the journalist a wider field of freedom and independence for the purpose of performing his media duty, because the restricted journalist who is not free is not able to deliver information to society in a sincere and honest manner. Therefore, freedom of the press concerns the entire society, and for the purpose of accessing it, the freedom of the journalist must be available to practice his work properly. This does not mean that the journalist abandons the obligations required of him and that this freedom be committed to principles and standards determined by the profession's ethics that have been drawn up by international press covenants and covenants.
The study found that Iraqi journalists give priority to the importance of protection from arbitrary arrest and the right to obtain information as they are the basis for media work, while they find that the Law to Protect the Rights of Journalists, which was approved by Parliament, did not provide the necessary protection for journalists or guarantee their rights as required.
The results also showed that trade unions and press associations are unable to protect the rights of journalists, blaming the government for the violations that occur against these rights.

The phenomenon of terrorism lies on the international economy in two aspects. The first exists within the soft economic power، that is، the organization of violence through economic terrorism that enters the field of international economic relations from economic conditionality with political dimensions that work in harmony with material and intellectual strength، after the decision-making center of the economic system has been transformed into Various organizations and bodies have become limited membership to play influential roles Directing their policies as desired according to the association's strategy by providing incentives، grants and loans to a country، in exchange for democratic transformation and economic liberalization with the aim of controlling and controlling Confronted with external economies and on the same path of traditional colonialism، thus threatening the economic security of the recipient countries.
As for the other side، it enters through the parallel economy، taking advantage of the loopholes of the international economic system، i.e. (financing terrorism) from various sources، as it is the nerve that drives interactions through terrorist organizations، as it is considered a pure economic activity in terms of productivity and achieving the highest levels of political and even financial gains، because it does not It can exist without human capital، which plays an organized role for effort، thinking، implementation and controlling material capital through the use of resources to achieve productive goals.
In Iraq، after 2003، the phenomenon of terrorism was the result of this event due to poor US administration and lack of substantive interest in rebuilding the country and changing its policy. (Regional - International)، which worked to increase the frequency of terrorism by destabilizing internal political stability، fueling conflicts، sowing discord and division، and because of these unstable conditions، terrorist organizations worked to make Iraq the second Afghanistan in gathering terrorists from all regions The ground for global jihad.

Although there is a constitutional coverage for the freedom of journalistic work in Iraq according to the Amendment (38), the second item of the Iraqi constitution (2005) which give the freedom of the journalism, printing, advertisement, media, and publishing, however, the journalistic work still constrained after its release out of the constrains of the pre-political change government at 2003. But the journalistic work quickly faced hinderances which did not give it the practice of the constitutional right under the umbrella of the a multiple, democratic, political regimen which made it unable to perform its professional duty appropriately. As such, the journalistic work be away from objectivity as a fundamental value in such a workin which the journalist seeks to achieve it and presents the required information to the audience. Such information needs to be searched for in its actual form; without being biased.
The research problem lays in finding a tool that measures the freedom of journalistic work after the change of the political regimen in Iraq at 2003. This descriptive methodological study aims to develop and test a scale that measures the freedom of the journalistic work in Iraq. This study included a convenience sample of 100 journalists across Iraq. An online survey was used that includes the sociodemographic sheet, the professional information, and the freedom of journalistic work scale in Iraq.
Data were analyzed using the statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) for windows, version 26, Chicago, IL. The factorial analysis (principal component analysis) was used. The study results displayed the emergence of seven factors as barriers to the freedom of the journalistic work in Iraq which include the religious figures, political figures, militias, armored, and out-of-law groups, security and intelligence systems, threatening and law pledge, the regional authority, and the professional syndicates and media unions. All of these factors exhibited a great degree of validity and reliability.

Al-Baghdadi society, which is our conversation in this research, occupies a special and distinct importance in Iraq, as it has certain features and characteristics and is dominated by values and norms whose roots extend to a long time, and it has distinct customs and traditions and an authentic civilizational legacy that made it a creative, peaceful, productive and loving society of all kinds of arts, culture and science. Literature and knowledge.
Hence, in order to shed light on this aspect, highlighting the facts as they are away from forgery and distortion, and in order to upgrade Baghdad as a city and as the modern capital of the Republic of Iraq or to advance it and renew its cultural and historical features and to define its current reality, and its image without adornment or frills in front of the eyes of its fans and admirers. Every color and nationality as the gateway to the most beautiful Iraq to the world, we found ourselves members of the Baghdadiya Group for Community Development, driven by eagerness and enthusiasm to create an honest media platform, and a real window to shed light on the reality of this city, and the positive or negative observations and actions surrounding this reality.
And setting the facts and portraying current events as they are before the eyes of the Iraqi street in general and al-Baghdadi in particular, and searching for solutions and solutions to the daily problems facing the city's residents, whose impact is reflected in one way or another.
Al-Baghdadi society, which is our discussion in this research, occupies a special and distinct importance in Iraq, as it has certain characteristics and characteristics and is dominated by values and norms whose roots extend back to a long time, and it has distinct customs and traditions and an authentic cultural heritage that made it a creative, peaceful, productive and loving society of all kinds of arts, culture and science. Literature and knowledge.
Hence, in order to shed light on this aspect, highlighting the facts as they are far from forgery and distortion, and in order to upgrade Baghdad as a city and as the modern capital of the Republic of Iraq or to advance it and renew its cultural and historical features and to define its current reality, and its image without adornment or frills before the eyes of its fans and admirers. Every color and nationality as the gateway to the most beautiful Iraq to the world, we found ourselves, the members of the Baghdadiya Group for Community Development, driven by eagerness and enthusiasm to create an honest media platform, and a real window to shed light on the reality of this city, and the observations and positive or negative actions surrounding this reality.
And setting the facts and portraying current events as they are before the eyes of the Iraqi street in general and al-Baghdadi in particular, and searching for solutions and solutions to the daily problems facing the city’s residents, whose impact is reflected in one way or another.
Issue of Baghdadiyoun Newspaper:
From here, the idea and initiative of publishing the Baghdadiyoun newspaper, this monthly published newspaper, which is currently limited to 4 pages only), in order to take upon itself the task of preserving the characteristics of Baghdad, its ancient history, its cultural image, the traditions of the Baghdadi society and its original artistic heritage.
And due to the necessity to give Baghdad the attention it deserves in all health, intuitive, educational, urban, civilizational and social fields, and for the sake of the continuity of its radiance, preservation of its cleanliness and architecture, and support for its ascending march towards a promising future and a bright future and increasing its glory, sophistication and development in all fields among the countries of the world.
Who is the Baghdadiya Group for Community Development:
The Baghdadia Group for Community Development was established in 2018, and it is a voluntary group of non-governmental civil society groups, with a solidarity initiative in which a number of cultural, media, academic, artistic, and literary elites participated and from both sexes.
The Iraqi Center for Media Development, headed by Dr. Adnan Al-Sarraj, had an active role in encouraging the emergence of this initiative and gathering ranks around it and supporting it by providing a suitable place for gathering and holding meetings, and the center made tireless efforts with the concerned authorities in order to pave the way for the issuance of the newspaper (Baghdadiyoun) and its permanence and spread.
One of the most important and prominent objectives of this Baghdad group, and its first steps in the field, was to work on publishing a special newspaper entitled "Baghdadioun" in order to serve the Baghdadi community, uplift the capital, Baghdad, and preserve its ancient traditions and heritage.
Thus, since its first issue in 2018, the newspaper has continued its journey in order to achieve the goals set for it, highlighting widely through news, articles, photos, comments and press investigations on the history and emergence of the city of Baghdad, and introducing all its characteristics, urban, demographic, economic, cultural, artistic and cultural characteristics.
The Baghdad group continued to work in solidarity and volunteer work in supplying the newspaper with articles, newspaper columns and rare pictures, to achieve its stated goal of restoring the glory of Baghdad, its glory and its position among the capitals of the whole world, away from the images of ruin, distortion and neglect that the city suffers in some of its features and aspects today.
In its topics published in each issue, the newspaper focused on important matters for the advancement of the ancient Baghdadi society, and to follow up all the attention, care, maintenance and maintenance of the city of Baghdad in the urban fields, infrastructure, cultural, artistic, scientific, heritage, educational, health, and so on on both sides of al-Karkh and al-Rusafa.
The newspaper has successfully documented its way to achieve these noble goals, relying on its very limited staff, and to help Baghdad fans and friends to supplement the newspaper and its pages with articles, news, photos and comments in order to maintain its publication and achieve its lofty goals.
This noble and purposeful message that the newspaper has carried since its first issue is still alive and has not diminished its enthusiasm, especially after the newspaper registered an acceptable media and journalistic presence in the media, cultural and academic circles, both official and popular.
The numbers of the newspaper began to run out quickly after each issue, as it is the wide and bright window through which the Baghdadi reader gets acquainted with the conditions of his city, its monuments, aspects of its failure, and the difficulties surrounding its march towards progress and advancement, all in order to achieve the stated goal of reviving the glory of Baghdad and remembrance of its ancient past. And paving the way for her prosperous and promising future.
Today, two years after the publication of the newspaper "Baghdadioun", we can say with all humility and responsibility that it has succeeded in achieving its goals on this road, and was able to knock on the doors of official and unofficial departments in the capital, Baghdad, and penetrated into her writings far into the depth of the city, its heritage, folklore and its glorious history in order to accomplish Its decreed and proclaimed message is a service to the Baghdadi community in particular and the Iraqi community in general.
And whoever reads the newspaper and turns its colorful pages can easily identify many events and topics related to the city of Baghdad in the past and the present, especially since many of these articles are by prominent and prominent writers, journalists, and academics trying to show through them the advantages of Baghdad, its people, its characteristics, and what distinguishes it from many other cities and capitals. At the same time, they focus through their published articles and comments on the aspects of the defects, negligence, neglect, and poor care and care that they find in this ancient Al-Baghdadi part.

The European Union has paved a way through experience and reality and faced pitfalls and setbacks in some cases، but in general it was moving forward in the direction of expanding its membership، but this expansion process did not appeal to everyone، as there are many voices warning the expansion of the European Union without strengthening it because that threatens the cohesion of institutions The international community carries with it the risks of regression and recession that could lead it to become just a free trade area، while others have criticized the excessive bureaucracy of European institutions represented by stagnation and inflexibility as well as other problems such as their inability to fight immigration other than For the legitimacy and trade of drugs and contraband، in spite of that، the European Union still enjoys the confidence of the Europeans in terms of taking confidence-building measures، preventing internal wars and the presence of close economies.
The European Union has been able to accomplish everything that was possible thanks to the institutional and organizational structure that made it a political and legal system of a distinctive and special nature، as it is an international actor with unique characteristics and characteristics. As it constitutes a phenomenon and a political and legal system that is different from all forms of political and legal systems، it is characterized by some characteristics that exist only in federal or treaty states. He is not an inter-governmental organization، although the political and legal system is characterized by some features and characteristics that do not exist in the thousands of inter-governmental organizations، and he is also not an international non-governmental organization because it is an inter-governmental entity that has made a voluntary agreement between countries and European governments.

One of the most important problems that face our world in our current age is the phenomenon of terrorism، that dangerous phenomenon threatening the security، peace، and the political، economic and social settlement in all its forms in all parts of the world. It is a phenomenon which is too difficult to eradicate in lieu of government that spend plenty amounts of money to perpetuate and keep it going. It is a phenomenon which is annihilating the Arab societies specifically، and the Western societies in general to impede the development of any country and paralyze its economic and scientific movement. There is barely a day passing without a terrorist operation in some part of the world; it is similar to a black shadow that haunts us anytime and a terrible fear worrying us، killing our sons under the name of terrorism and extremism. That monstrous lesion which threatens every nation and tear out its national unity. That phenomenon has been the talk of the hour and the media all the time. So، it requires us to stop، contemplate، analyze، and study in order to know the significant reasons، incentives، and results that drive us toward peaceful living among the individuals of the community. We should not forget that there are specific sides that feed that phenomenon via some vicious media to exaggerate the vision to the viewer and terrify him more due to what their news have of attraction factors and excitement foe all the divisions of the society.

The right to public tranquility is one of the most important human rights, as
preserving it leads to respect for human comfort, but this right is sometimes
subject to violation as a result of multiple actions, including noise pollution, which has grown due to urbanization and modern civilization as a result of technical and
industrial progress.
In order to ensure stability and comfort for citizens, it is necessary to
criminalize acts that constitute reasons for the growth of this phenomenon, and indeed the Iraqi legislator has intervened to criminalize and punish these acts in
the Noise Control Law No. (41) of 2015, as well as the Penal Code No. (111) of
1969, And Traffic Law No. (8) of 2019
However, the legislative treatment was not sufficient to deal with the crime, and to ensure the preservation of the human right to be free from it, and thus we will face a legislative deficiency in dealing with and reducing this crime, due to the ineffectiveness of the guarantees stipulated in the mentioned laws.
Accordingly, we will address the topic of the tagged research criminal responsibility arising from noise pollution) in two requirements, the first of which we discuss the concept of noise pollution through two branches, the first is devoted to the definition of noise pollution, and the second to show the sources of noise pollution and its effects. As for the second requirement, we will discuss the criminal penalties resulting from committing the crime of noise pollution in two branches, the first of which is dedicated to studying criminal penalties for the crime of noise pollution in Iraqi legislation, and the second we address criminal penalties for the crime of noise pollution comparative legislation.

The right to peaceful demonstration is one of the most important rights and freedoms affecting at the individual and society level. Demonstration is the most civilized way of expressing opinion to pressure governments to fulfill certain demands by demonstrators, such as being political, cultural, economic or social, and this is done by meeting people from the people in a place Assigned spontaneously or in advance to express their opinions and demands, and then launch mass marches to the squares and public roads towards government buildings, and the demonstrators may go and listen to them and provide the necessary protection to them. The right to demonstrate and peaceful assembly is one of the main principles that international covenants and treaties have taken great care in and highlighted by the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948) and the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (1966). Likewise, democratic constitutions are hardly devoid of stipulation of them, including constitutions. Iraqi from the Iraqi Basic Law of (1925) to the permanent Iraqi constitution of ( 2005 ) .

This study aimed to identify the legal concept of the banking secret, and presented some Arab and foreign legislation that came to regulate the banking secret, as well as to identify the situations in which the bank can protest the banking secret to confront others, study the pillars of the crime of disclosing the banking secret, and know the parties that cannot protest in Confronting them with the banking secret. The researcher relied on the descriptive analytical method. The study reached a set of results that are summarized as follows: The banking secret is like all professional secrets, which is that information that a person accesses or knows by a signed result and his status. However, he has to deal with it with the principle of confidentiality and keep that information, legal legislations in various countries have agreed that the disclosure of professional secrets, including bank secrets, are among the crimes punishable by law with imprisonment and fine, there are a number of people and entities that the bank is unable to Invoking the banking secret to confront them, including the heirs or their guardians, the legal deputy and the authorized representative, the civil judiciary and the judicial authorities, the supervisory and administrative bodies.

It is well known that every authority in the state has a main function، the legislative authority is concerned with legislating laws، the executive authority works to implement them and maintain security and order in the country، the judiciary، it is concerned with applying the law.
Each of these three authorities must carry out the tasks assigned to it within the limits set by the constitution and not interfere in the tasks of the other authority، in accordance with the principle of separation of powers which was called by the jurist (Montesquieu) in his book (The Spirit of Sharia)، This does not mean absolute separation between the authorities، but a flexible separation based on cooperation and balance، especially between the legislative and executive powers in parliamentary systems، which are based on two main pillars: the balance between the legislative authority and the executive authority and the other pillar of cooperation and mutual influence between the two authorities.
President omission to ratify the draft laws is considered a type of interference between the legislative and executive powers، It is considered one of the traditional rights of the president and its origins are due to the right of royal ratification that was prevalent in England and some other European monarchies، from which it was transferred to the rest of the world، and it is an essential necessity in order to disposal the control of the legislative authority and not deviate from the path set by the people. In spite of the important of the president objection of the laws but it still studded according to legal and political questions raised by this topic.
Opening words: the head of state، the parliamentary system، the right to ratify، the right to veto bills.

After adopting the federal system as a form of state in the Republic of Iraq, adopting the establishment of regions, adopting the principle of separation of powers, and respecting the constitution, it was necessary to establish a court that respects the application of constitutional principles and does not override them, and on this basis the text of the Iraqi State Administration Law for the Transitional Period of 2004 in Article (44 / a) that (a court is being formed in Iraq by a law called the Federal Supreme Court) and this court exercises multiple jurisdictions, the most prominent of which is oversight over the constitutionality of laws and consideration of disputes between the federal government and the regions, or regions between them, and between regions and governorates that are not organized In a region, and on February 24 2005, according to the legislative powers of the Prime Minister, and with the approval of the Presidency Council, Order No. 30 of 2005 (the Federal Supreme Court Law) was issued and continued to be implemented despite the issuance of the permanent constitution of Iraq in 2005, but the implementation of this law has become inconsistent. With provisions that contradict and overlap with the provisions of the constitution, and then it is necessary to amend it in accordance with the current legislative reality, and this is what actually happened. Signs of change appeared with the issuance of the draft court proposal for the year 2015, Accordingly, to be informed of this, our study will focus on reading the texts of the applicable Federal Court law and comparing it with the draft proposal and the provisions of the constitution that relate to it.

The amazing development of technology and the emergence of modern and advanced social media in society has caused a qualitative leap in the means of communication between individuals that had positive reactions on a large scale, but it is not without its negative effects on societies in general and the family in particular.
Perhaps the great development brought about by communication technology in the field of electronic documents themselves in many areas of our daily electronic dealings; Through the use of Viber, Whatsapp, Tango, Twitter, Facebook and Emo programs, in which the person (the sender) can send a message through which to express his will to others (the addressee), but electronically away from messages of a nature, without prejudice to the legal nature of the transactions themselves.
Through our research, we will address the subject of technical privacy of text messages and its impact on its acceptance as a means of proof in civil conflict and its legal validity in light of the traditional rules of evidence and the laws governing electronic transactions.

Many international documents have referred to the human right to demonstrate, including the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the UN Charter and other international legal norms, as a duty to respect and that national laws are almost certain that there is no national constitution without reference to the above right, being a right Human expression. Demonstration is a legitimate and respectable right. It is not permissible to deprive individuals of it as an expression of public opinion. Individuals should not be inclined to harm persons or property while exercising this right. The most prominent feature of the demonstration is to be peaceful and free from violence. Public order and all institutions, whether they belong to the state or to members of society.

Contemporary societies are characterized by growth, development and change in all their scientific, social and cultural fields. The winds of change blow from all sides after isolation between nations and peoples has been broken. The means of transportation and communication have diversified, and the influence of groups has facilitated each other thanks to the spread of rapid means of intellectual communication. The exchange of benefits and skills in all areas has become an urgent necessity.
This urges us to prepare to face the effects of these changes by adopting a comprehensive development that stems from the core of our Arab society and its needs, mobilizes its own strengths, mobilizes its creative abilities, and proceeds from its available capabilities.
The development of human resources is the focus of comprehensive development, as the human being is both the tool and the goal of development. There is no development without humans, and humanity cannot achieve better rates of development and production without the availability of a system that is adequate for numbers and training and nurtures and develops talents. Education is what shapes human resources in quality and level and increases their production and giving, and it is what guarantees the nation’s position in a highly competitive and contradictory world. It has become (knowledge, education, information and intelligence whose training has improved the new materials for international trade)

This research deals with the topic of adolescent hysteria in Mauritania: the causes, manifestations and treatment, and includes three axes, the first of which deals with the causes of adolescent hysteria in Mauritania, both of which are related to the upbringing of Mauritanian adolescents and their psychological, social and cultural conditions, and the second reviews the most important manifestations of the hysteria of adolescent girls' sense, mobility, mental, and other The third axis is devoted to the most important solutions and suggestions for treating and preventing hysteria.

Individuals differ in the ways in which they deal with psychological stress and stressful events to which they are exposed. Some of them use positive methods to deal with stress and the other uses negative methods, which affects their mental health and leads to many mental and physical diseases, and the fact that widow women are vulnerable to many pressures because of their family, psychological and social status.

An informative program for developing optimism among widowed women
The current research aims to identify the effect of a counseling program to develop optimism among widowed women. The research sample consisted of (20) widowed women who were divided into two experimental and control groups (10) women in each group. The researcher used the scale (Abdul Khaliq, 1996) to measure optimism, and a program was prepared according to the techniques of cognitive-behavioral therapy to develop optimism, the results of the study showed that widowed women suffer from a low level of optimism, and also showed a significant difference in the mean scores of the control and experimental group in the post-test in favor of the experimental group, in addition to There is an impact of the program in developing optimism among widowed women

Two people do not disagree about the importance of education and its potential in developing countries in various fields if it is properly invested, as education is the basis and main tributary of the process of society's progress. Therefore, developed countries pay great attention to it and are keen on its quality due to its seriousness. Among the bright examples of this is the development of Singapore and Malaysia in the second half of the twentieth century, as these countries were among the developing third world countries and then greatly developed due to their focus on education, and the issue of quality of education has great importance due to its attachment to the most important output, which is the student (1), and quality is one of the most important means. And methods to improve the quality of education and raise its level of performance in our current era, which some thinkers call (the era of quality). Quality is no longer a luxury that educational and educational institutions aspire to, or an alternative that learning systems take or leave, but rather it has become an urgent necessity, and a necessity dictated by the movement of life. Contemporary, which is a guide to survival of the educational institution, the secret of its durability, and even of its excellence.

The study aims to know the future vision of the education system in Iraq as perceived by teachers, teachers and university professors, and the selected sample reached (100) male and female teachers from the elementary stage, (100) male and female teachers from the middle and middle schools, and (100) university professors from both sexes, male Female and female of scientific and human specialization, the researchers used the descriptive analytical research method, while the study tool, the researchers used a questionnaire to collect information from the selected sample, and included a set of paragraphs that apply with the future vision, and the study's findings show that there are aspirations Respondents from teachers, teachers and university professors about the education system in Iraq because of the spread of education technology in various educational institutions and the speed of obtaining information and educational communication with developed countries, and the researchers recommended the need to follow all modern contemporary developments in the education systems practiced by developed countries, and the researchers suggested conducting studies Others for the problems suffered by the education system in Iraq and finding solutions to them.

The current research aims at the necessary teaching skills according to the quality and university performance requirements of Islamic education professors at the College of Basic Education / Al-Mustansiriya University. To achieve the goal of the current research, the questionnaire (the research tool) was drawn up, which consisted of (40) paragraphs, and the researcher verified its validity and consistency, establishing In front of each paragraph there are three alternatives: (very agree, agree to some extent, disagree), and the research sample reached (23) teaching and teaching in the Department of Islamic Education - College of Basic Education / Al-Mustansiriya University for the academic year 2019-2020 AD, and the researcher sought the help of (percentages, Pearson correlation coefficient, weighted mean, percentage weight) as statistical means for analyzing and interpreting the research results, and the following results were revealed:
1. The teacher is characterized by the ability to apply Islamic principles and concepts in his field of specialization.
2. The teacher selects vocabulary for the course of significance and importance for students in his field of specialization.
In light of the research results, the researcher recommends the following: -
1. To benefit from the indicators that have resulted from the current research in order to raise the university quality and performance requirements.
2. Paying attention to workshops, educational seminars and seminars in the field of teaching specialization.
The researcher suggested the following proposals:
1- Conducting a study similar to the current study in other departments in the College of Basic Education / Al-Mustansiriya University.
2- Conducting a study similar to the current study from the students' point of view in the Department of Islamic Education.

Zurbatiyah port is located in Wasit Governorate (Central Region - Eastern Iraq), affiliated to Zurbatiyah district - Badra district, it is 81 km from Wasit Governorate and 185 km from the capital, Baghdad. Religious statistics, in 2018, recorded the entry of 2000 visitors per day through it, and this number increases in the seasons of special visits to religious shrines, such as the forty visit, the number increases to 6 times the aforementioned statistics

History is the image of the past that the historian invokes in the context of the present; In order to present it to a contemporary contemporary, and this recall mechanism differs from one historian to another, according to his background of knowledge and writing style. To stimulate the recipient’s feelings, achieve his enjoyment, as well as draw lessons from that past, which is a fundamental pillar of the production and broadcasting of historical discourse.
This study seeks to uncover a linguistic aesthetic performance style that emerged in the eras of Andalusian craftsmanship in particular, and Arabic heritage in general, and it suggests that Andalusian was familiar with rhythmic noise and aesthetic adornment in his writing. A reflection of the manifestations of social luxury, especially at its inception, before it became a tradition that was followed by most writers, even during the periods of the collapse and retreat of Andalusia.
The importance of this method, which we called (historical aesthetic discourse), stems from the fact that it presents to you the images of history in an artistic way that employs aesthetic and rhetorical tools that were common at the time, thus achieving two goals: The present, and directing this present in the light of past criteria, and the other formed through casting the historical text, in a way that approaches the literary text of prose common in the Arab Islamic culture at the time.

The phenomenon of prisoner slavery is one of the most important issues that have received the attention of many historical writings in the modern and contemporary period, and this is due to the historical importance of this issue, which has been a subject of discussion between Western literature and local writings interested in this historical field, so the issue of slavery of prisoners is an issue that has deep roots in history, It was known by ancient human civilizations, such as the Babylonians and the ancient Egyptians, along with the Greeks and Romans.
Perhaps the most striking thing is that this phenomenon is the product of the logic of wars that prevailed during those periods, and the resulting killing or enslavement of prisoners and their enslavement by those with power and dominance, or selling them in the market of slaves and slaves.
The Romans dealt with this phenomenon by adopting the method of killing, then they converted to the method of slavery: instead of killing the prisoners, the Romans thought to make use of them in performing services for the Roman state, and enslavement appeared as a slave working in the service of the Romans, so the fate of the captive developed at this stage from Killing into slavery and in some cases the prisoner can return to his natural state by means (escape - ransom - recovery). Rather, he arrived in the Romanian state by releasing the prisoners with a general amnesty.

Child literature is one of the most sensitive and practicing arts, term and reality. If this literature is concerned with a specific age group under the age of eighteen, on the other hand it is concerned with the culture and thought of this group from one society to another, especially between eastern and western societies, and Passing through the translation channel, the basic structures for forming this literature crack, where cracks and cracks abound, so as not to make it necessary to try to restore them, but in what way is this restoration done? Especially, and turning this literature into an interactive digital, cinematic, or television scene, reflected by the media of all kinds, while we find all international organizations calling for the preservation of children's rights, calling for the principle of humanity to be prioritized in everything that composes the literature for children and therefore can we say That everything written for the child is his own literature? What does this literature have to do with the media? Where does the role of international organizations lie in rationalizing this literature?

This research deals with the technique of the masked narrator in the narration of the novel .It chooses the women's story as a field of study, especially after the leap achieved by the narrative of women by crossing the worlds usual ,imposed and discussed the forbidden , prohibited and even the hidden in the implicit and silent about it. In order to avoid any exaggeration or dispersion of ideas, we preferred to focus on the side of the forbidden Trinity (sex). This was the content of the second chapter Which is characterized by the crisis of sex and body formations .At the end of the research, a number of results were reached, the most important of which were how the women's story dealt with the taboos, and how they were used in their narration to match the aesthetic and the forbidden reading.

The arrangement is one of the elements of the linguistic system, on the grammatical level, one of the characteristics of human languages is that they have a special system for each of them, and each system of any language guarantees the arrangement of the parts of the sentence. The first function of this arrangement is to work on linking the parts of the sentence in its verbal (superficial) structure, and it has nothing to do with its (deep) moral structure. Because the deep structure is the meaning in the mind, the image of that meaning does not change. Rather, the change is in the surface structure, where the words are organized in a linguistic fabric that translates that deep structure. In addition to that, the linguistic system contributed to the creation of means of sentence correlation, which depend on understanding at times, on the perception of what is observed in terms of clues and evidence, and mentally realizing the meaning at another time. And the existence of these means is specific to the function of expression from the relationships within the sentence, up to a correct meaning, wanted by the addressee and understood by the addressee, as well as excluding what is likely to come to the sentence in terms of confusion.

The researcher studied an Andalusian figure who became famous in the era of sects among the writers of Andalusia, and we mean by it: Muhammad bin Amer Al-Bazalani Al-Maliki. God Al-Bazalani was at that time, one of the elders of the writers, and the disciples of the people of literature … The eloquent and eloquent writer ... and considered him an Andalusian activist, Ibn al-Kharrat, Ibn Umayrah al-Dabi and al-Hamidi: among the well-known poets;
The researcher followed the method of studying Al-Bazalani according to the following steps:
- Inform the reader of available news about his biography through what the sources of his translation helped us.
- He collected and exited his fixed prose, attributed to him from the dispersal of the prophesies that mentioned his prose.
Arrange his prose total, according to its sequence of texts.
- Give each prose text a number so that the texts take their independence based on their subject matter.
- Demonstrate the differing narrations of all the prose texts, in which the difference between the sources that came out with its production is mentioned.
Explain some vocabulary that needs explanation when it appears in its prose texts.
Finally, the list of margins came and established the sources and references.
And from God, help and success.

The aim of this research is limited to introducing the potentials that the engineering of linguistics provides to the Arabic language as a natural language, especially in the research and educational fields. In an era in which the winds of cultures and the information revolution are blowing, which poses a threat to our culture and our Arab identity, it has become imperative for us to use the engineering of linguistics that enables Two complementary types of knowledge: deep linguistic knowledge and a description and classification of the various parts of the linguistic system in light of the latest contemporary linguistic theories, and familiarity with computer knowledge related to natural language processing, especially in its programming side, which means acclimatization to the logical thinking on which the machine is based. It is logical based on strict algorithms that do not operate with conjecture or relativity. Therefore, the rules that must be formulated for this purpose must be decisive and do not accept more than one interpretation for each issue, if we know that our Arabic system is a system of complex paths: writing, phoneme, syntax, composition, thesaurus and connotation And handled. The computer, with its creative cards and its high-tech software, enables the delivery of the language with its many branches and its human activities, and enables the recipient to deal with this high language through the latest means of communication such as the Internet, which the modern person must keep pace with the data of the age, and not rely on the inspiration of knowledge through consumer mediums that have become old some Thing

Among the preludes to the process that many Arab linguists called for was rewriting the rules of the Arabic language according to the consistency of new curricula leading to facilitation and clarity, so there were attempts to apply those curricula to the sciences of the Arabic language, and presented them to scholars, and pure science was one of the sciences that were presented with methods that researchers found It is the best way to present the morphological lesson and the ideas of its learners.
The question we are discussing is what approach have contemporary researchers taken in their books? Have they succeeded in reaching an effective approach that is an alternative to morphological heritage? Taking the curricula provided by the Iraqi scholars to the Arab scholar as a model in that. . In order to be truly fair, everything that the Iraqi researcher presented is considered a pure thought and a scientific cognitive effort that is counted for him, but at the same time we cannot consider it a simple curriculum presented to the Arabic language student, nor an easy-to-understand approach for the learner, but everything presented is for specialists in Arabic science. Only those who have had a long history in Arabic sciences can understand it, because the matter simply did not aim to walk, nor the learner, but rather to present the thought of contemporary researchers to our world today. Study what the Iraqi student presented into three approaches: - The method of reviving the effects of the predecessors - the method of authorship Books with an educational purpose - Curriculum of writing books and university theses that deal with morphology and its chapters through writing books, studying topics and schools.

Arabic is a language characterized by all good and eloquent in terms of pronunciation, meaning, morphology, syntax and rhetoric, and its distinctive words ranged between easy, well-known and difficult and ambiguous, requiring an explanation of its meaning, and it is a broad language, and from the manifestations of its amplitude is what appears in the abundance of its words, the multiplicity of its connotations, the bifurcation of its structures, and the accuracy of its structures In the manner that summoned a group of her servants and mother-in-law, in the past and in the present, to the classification of books that were concerned with collecting their words and explaining their meanings, and perhaps the pioneer in which no two differed was that of Khalil bin Ahmad Al-Farahidi (d .: 175 AH), who developed with his remarkable genius the first lexicon in Arabic called (Al-Ain) To be appointed language.
The lexical composition increased and spread, and flourished so that we do not exaggerate if we say: The third century AH is the century of the lexicons, or the century of the Arabic golden dictionary, and with the development of life, the aging of times, and the diversity of the directions of lexical composition appeared what is known as the lexical schools that varied and differed according to what they went on. Accordingly, there are methods, along with the facilitation attempts, that were evident in transferring the lexical order from the phonemic system to the alphabetical system; Because it is the easiest and easiest, and the attention of Arab scholars to the lexical composition increased to an extent that reached the authorship of large linguistic encyclopedias, such as Tahdib al-Lugha, by al-Azhari (d .: 370 AH), Lisan al-Arab, by Ibn Manzur (d 711 AH), and Taj al-Arous, by Zubaidi (d .: 1205 AH), and up to Today, as the lexical work has become something carried out by groups rather than individuals, such as linguistic academies, and scientific and cultural institutions

Rhetoric is based on a very important mechanism, namely speech; Since speech in the human perspective in general, and linguistic in particular, is a social process and an important means whose main goal is human social communication in its various levels and methods that differ among the different speakers, and hence the rhetoric is concerned with explaining the importance of this humanitarian method, defining it with the foundations that must be provided in the useful speech shown. For its meaning, speech according to Arabic scholars "is the utter useful expression." In order for this term to be fully useful, it must fulfill certain conditions set forth by the Arabic scholars. To be eloquent and lead to rhetorical purpose.
Accordingly, rhetoric is the mechanism that operates on the organization of discursive levels, by employing the appropriate expression in a context that suits him, with semantic considerations and stylistic features that fit the place in which it is presented, so that it is able to improve the forms of discourse and make it loaded with meanings that affect the recipient.
And based on this concept, the Arab heritage, represented by the virtuous scholars of Arabic, began to search for these meanings. To advance the aesthetic of the literary meaning, they looked at the word and its consequences on the textual structure, relying on its phonological consistency and spatial stability in the textual structure, so these specifications were prepared by the scholars from the eloquence of the word, with their attention to ridding the meaning of ambiguity and complexity. To be eloquent, too.
Therefore, we decided in this research to shed light on the issue of eloquence and rhetoric that has long occupied the minds of Arab scholars, looking into what each of them is, and the points of disagreement therein until the stability of rhetorical research at the end of the eighth century AH, so they set the appropriate definitions for it to clarify what it is.