Journal of University of Babylon

The aim of the study is to reveal the effectiveness of journalism courses for media students in the universities of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, by identifying the experiences and opinions of students through application to a deliberate sample of students from the media departments in a number of universities in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, which was represented in (Imam Abdul Al-Rahman bin Faisal University, King Faisal University, King Saud University, Umm Al-Qura University, King Abdul-Aziz University), and the extent of the effectiveness of study plans to prepare students to face the labor market. As tools for data collection, the study reached a number of results, the most prominent of which is the agreement of the respondents that the skills of the twenty-first century for graduates of media faculties and departments are very important, and that most of the respondents benefited greatly from the journalism courses that included these skills.

The current research is concerned with studying the topic (the duality of design and implementation in contemporary conceptual art), which included four chapters, the first of which included the research problem, the importance of the research, and the research objective: (identifying the duality of design and implementation in contemporary conceptual art) and the limits of the research: based on studying the duality of design and implementation of conceptual art - contemporary language art as a model for the time period extending from (1967- 2019) in the countries of Europe and America. And defining the terms. While the second chapter (the theoretical framework) included two topics, the first (design and its mechanisms of operation in contemporary arts) and the second (the nature of contemporary language art) in addition to the indicators of the theoretical framework. As for the third chapter (research procedures), it included the framework of the research community and the research sample, which numbered (4) designed and implemented artistic models, followed by the research tool and research methodology, then the analysis of the research sample model. The fourth chapter included the results and conclusions, and the most important results are:
1. The duality of design and implementation of the art of language was based on excitement and astonishment for the recipient through the intensity of color and its lighting due to its psychological, expressive and mythological connotations. As in the sample model No. (1, 2, 3, 4).
As for the most important conclusions, they were:
1. Contemporary art has come to rely on science and borrow the laws discovered by science. The laws of motion, light, speech and physics have had a profound impact on the design and aesthetic changes in modern and contemporary arts, which have employed language with its design and aesthetic dimensions in keeping with the spirit of the age that has borrowed the movement of the machine expressing speed, power and dynamism, and the movement of waves and winds. In other words. Thus, art has been linked to science and life.
Also, the research concluded with Arabic and foreign sources and references.

Syria seeks to enhance educational opportunities for all and keep up with technological advancements in the field of education by establishing virtual schools. This aims to provide Syrian students with more opportunities, despite the teaching challenges that teachers face in virtual schools. This study aims to identify the main difficulties in using virtual education from the perspective of teachers in the governorate of Hama, Syria, and during the basic education stage, using a descriptive analytical approach. The research tool consisted of a questionnaire containing 15 questions, administered to a sample of 60 teachers in virtual schools in Hama. The results indicated that there are no statistically significant differences in teaching challenges in virtual schools depending on teachers’ perspectives. This includes the variables of gender, academic qualification, and years of experience. It was also found that there were no statistically significant differences in teaching challenges related to educational levels or the number of courses attended. We can conclude that virtual schools, despite their teaching challenges, represent a modern learning experience that requires continuous efforts to overcome difficulties and maximize the benefits of this experience. Additionally, university educational institutions need to adopt modern educational technologies, train teachers on how to overcome virtual teaching challenges, and provide suitable support for them.

Indicators suggest that Iraq could become a prominent center for religious tourism due to its religious and historical significance, as it hosts notable Islamic heritage sites, including the shrines of prophets and Imams. Religious factors play an important role in increasing urban populations, especially in areas with numerous religious symbols and landmarks
The study's problem highlights that Samarra serves as an attraction point, drawing large numbers of visitors, which necessitates the development of religious tourism The study aimed to explore the Shrine of the two Askari Imams, assess the facilities provided to visitors, identify the challenges faced by visitors, and develop solutions
Regarding the methodology, the study employed an ethnographic approach to describe the shrine and the events held there, and a historical approach to examine the shrine’s construction and historical development. The tools used included participant observation, informants, and interviews
The key findings of the study reveal that visitors enjoy various facilities and services, yet they face a lack of hotels and accommodations in Samarra, leading to shorter visits. Service activities near the shrine have declined due to security issues. Among the study's main recommendations are the need to focus on tourism, particularly hotels and accommodations in Samarra, to develop local crafts that attract tourists and serve as symbols of the area’s heritage, and to organize entertainment programs for university students to stimulate tourism in Samarra

The study aimed to reveal the difficulties of using the interactive e-book from the point of view of science teachers. To achieve the objectives of the study, a sample was selected consisting of (60) male and female teachers. The researcher used the descriptive analytical approach, and a questionnaire prepared by the researcher was used as a tool for the study. It consisted of (20 ) item, and the questionnaire axis items received a high score with an arithmetic average of (2.59). Several results were reached, the most important of which are: (18) items in the questionnaire received a high score, and (2) items received a moderate score, and no significant differences. There is statistical significance in the difficulties of using the interactive e-book at a significance level of (0.05) due to the variable (gender, academic qualification). In light of the results of the study, the researcher presented a number of proposals, the most important of which are: conducting similar studies to identify difficulties in using the interactive e-book in other materials

Enflaming is an important topic that touches the lives of citizens. Due to the large number of fires, whether intentional or not, especially at the present time, this poses a threat to the interests of individuals and society in general because they occur on public and private property and facilities. Since the attack on these properties and public facilities leads to the deprivation of society and individuals from the services provided by these facilities, the protected interest requires expanding criminal protection. Therefore, the legislator in the Penal Code paid attention to these interests by criminalizing the attack on them. The mere exposure to people's lives and money is considered a punishable crime.

The current research consists of four chapters, the first of which focused on stating the research problem, which was determined by answering the following question: - What are the representations of biodiversity in Assyrian sculpture? The importance of the research and the need for it, then the goal of the research, which is - Identifying the representations of biodiversity in Assyrian sculpture. Then the limits of the research and defining the terms. While the second chapter included two topics: The first topic: The concept of biodiversity and its artistic applications. The second topic: The emergence and development of Assyrian arts. Then the indicators that the theoretical framework and previous studies concluded. The third chapter included the research procedures represented in the research community, the research sample, the research tool, the research methodology, and then the analysis of the research sample of 5 models of Assyrian sculpture art products. As for the fourth chapter, it contained the research results, including: Assyrian artists excelled in representing the natural environment, whether wild or marine, so they depicted mountains, marshes, deserts, and various living creatures in the areas reached by the armies of the Assyrian Kingdom. The conclusions, including: Assyrian artists sought to focus on human biodiversity in depicting figures from different environments, their facial features, and their clothing, as well as in the shapes of reed boats, tents, and gardens to give their artwork a historical documentary dimension. As well as recommendations, suggestions, an index of research sources, and a summary of the research in English.

Linguistic criticism is one of the sciences that the Arabs have been interested in since the pre-Islamic era. These rulings appeared in the form of partial rulings on some grammatical or morphological issues that were spoken by the Arabs in a verse of poetry, or the speech of the Arabs, because the Arabs spoke in their own way, and there were no grammatical rules. It is morphological, but the melody of the saying appears.
We have the right to present the issues in which Ibn al-Siraj criticized some grammatical issues and the position of scholars on those issues.
The research included two sections, preceded by a preface and an introduction, followed by a conclusion with the most important results of the research, and then a list of the research’s tributaries from the sources. In the first section, I dealt with morphological and phonetic issues, and in the second, grammatical issues. As for the introduction, I touched on the concept of linguistic criticism, with a brief overview of the life of Abu Bakr. Al-Sarraj.

The current research included four chapters. The first chapter dealt with the methodological framework of the research, as it included (the research problem), which the researcher identified a number of justifications that include two questions as follows: Is there a Western influence on the aesthetic dimensions of formal transformation in contemporary Kuwaiti painting? And what is the extent of the direct influence of the strength of the cultural form, heritage, and symbols of popular folklore on the transformation of contemporary Kuwaiti painting art?
The current research aims to: Reveal the aesthetic dimensions of formal transformation in contemporary Kuwaiti painting.
As for the limits of the research: By studying the aesthetic dimensions of formal transformation in contemporary Kuwaiti painting. For the time period (1975-2000 AD) in the State of Kuwait.
As for the second chapter, it included two topics: The first topic (The meaning of transformation and form in art) and the second topic (Contemporary Kuwaiti painting... between origin and roots.
Chapter Three: The research community consists of about (50) paintings from the works of Kuwaiti Arab painters within the boundaries of contemporary Kuwaiti painting from the year (1975-2000). The researcher, according to the time limits of the research, determined four decades of time، namely the seventies, eighties, nineties and two thousand. The researcher intentionally selected (5) sample paintings for the research within the four decades and according to what was mentioned in the research community. As for the research methodology, the researcher relied on the (descriptive analytical) method.
Chapter Four included the research results, including: The aesthetic dimensions of the formal transformation in contemporary Kuwaiti painting are represented through heritage symbols, icons or geometric decorative formations, and seeks to confirm the Kuwaiti painter's aesthetics of his formal transformations and artistic visions with the development of the artist's artistic style.
As for the conclusions, they are: Contemporary Kuwaiti art embodies the private identity through the components of the artwork.

The study aimed to identify the level of national belonging among students of the College of Education at the University of Aleppo in light of some variables. To achieve the objectives of the study, a sample was selected consisting of (120) male and female third-year students in the College of Education. The researcher used the descriptive analytical approach. A questionnaire prepared by the researcher as a tool for the study, and it consists of (20) itemsl. The results of the study showed that most of the items in the questionnaire axis came with a high score with an arithmetic average of (2.28). The results of the study showed that most of the questionnaire items received a high score with a mean score of (2.28), and the results showed that there were no differences between the means of the sample members due to the gender variable, while there were differences between the means of the sample members due to the academic specialization variable, in favor of the classroom teacher section. In light of the results of the study, the researcher presented a number of recommendations, the most important of which is encouraging students and urging them to participate in national and regional events with the aim of developing their sense of national belonging.

The research aimed to know the degree of application of the dimensions of the learning organization among faculty members in the College of Education at the University of Aleppo. The study sample consisted of (40) faculty members in the College of Education at the University of Aleppo. The researcher prepared a questionnaire consisting of (41) statements distributed over 7 dimensions. The descriptive approach was also used to suit the nature of the study, and the research reached the following results: The degree of application of the dimensions of the learning organization among facultymembers in the College of Education at the University of Aleppo came in at a moderate degree. And after encouraging dialogue and inquiry first, and after strategic leadership supporting learning, finally, there were no statistically significant differences in the degree of application of the dimensions of the learning organization among faculty members due to gender. There were no statistically significant differences in the degree of application dimensions of the learning organization among faculty members due to the variable Academic rank and years of experience.

The research selected some verses that mentioned the triads in the Holy Quran, and what is meant by triads is the repetition of the word in one verse three times with a different meaning for each word, which includes many of its cosmic, doctrinal, legislative and cognitive purposes to achieve its advocacy goals, in monotheism, power, and the system of creation..., and in this way, researchers in the affairs of the Holy Quran, including interpreters, were interested in studying the triads as a scientific, literary and critical necessity, to know the limits of their formation within the text, the degree of their presence in it, and their effect in achieving the meaning and idea intended to be conveyed to the recipient, and then their effect in creating the text and its significance, and yet they did not devote a special research to the triads of the Holy Quran, but rather made them in the context of the verses during interpretation or research.
The triads are related to cosmic issues, including the verses that came within the context of the research that urge contemplation of the verses of God, which people see and live every moment of their daily lives, and they indicate that this universe has a great Creator. Since it is very difficult to count all the triads, the research was satisfied with some triadic models, with the help of some interpreters and the analysis of each triad.