The Iraqi Journal of Veterinary Medicine

Rabies was diagnosed (for the first time) in clinically suspected rabid Iraqi cows and ewes by using histopathological methods. The result showed 3 positive cases 2 cows from Baghdad governorate and 1 ewe from Al - Basra governorate. The gross pathological changes included swelling of cerebrum and cerebellum, multiple hemorrhagic spots within cerebral parenchyma, and sever congestion in meningial blood vessels. The histopathological changes showed specific changes represented by Negri bodies as intracytoplasmic inclusions within Purkinje cells in cerebellum and Babes nodules in cerebrum and medulla oblongata. Non specific changes included edema, hemorrhages, cellular necrosis, lymphocytic foci and lymphocytic and mononuclear cuffing surrounding congested blood vessels.

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of omental flap on healing of unfixed fractured ribs in dogs. Sixteen adult local breed dogs were used, which they were divided into two equal groups (Control and Treated group). The experimental animals were pre-medicated with atropine sulfate 0.04 mg/kg BW intramuscularly, and after 10 minute anesthetized with a mixture of Ketamine hydrochloride (15 mg/kg BW)and Xylazine hydrochloride (5 mg/kg BW) intramuscularly. In control group, the rib was fractured by wire saw and left unfixed then the muscles and skin was closed routinely. While in treated group, the rib was fractured by wire saw and a flap of omentum was put around the fractured rib, then muscles and skin were closed. Animals were observed clinically for one week and radiologically every week for three months. The radiological findings revealed that the healing process was faster in the treated group compared with the control group. The fracture line began to disappear in the eight and at the fourth weeks in the control and treated group respectively. The callus formation was large in size in control group compared with small dense callus in treated group. The remodeling process began in the fourth week in the treated group while at the eighth week in control group. These results indicated that the omental flap play an important role for enhancing healing and help to stabilize unfixed fractured ribs.

An experimental infection of 3 dogs with protoscoleces of human origin were carried out Hydatid cyst was surgical removed from 26 years old female. On autopsy all dogs were found not harbor any Echinococcus granulosus worms Infection with the metacestode stage in unusual intermediate hosts failure for procreation which do not play a role in the transmission cycle in Iraq. In conclusions: the reason could be related between the host and chemical composition of hydatid fluid failure of induces infection

The aim of the study was to make knowledge on the histopathological changes in some internal organs ( liver, kidney and spleen) of albino mice after treatment with therapeutic dose(16mg/kg BW/day) of pentoxifylline (PTX). Thirty albino mice which are approximately at same age (8week) and body weight were, randomly divided into three equal groups, group 1:Received tape water along the period of experiment and considered as a control group, Group 2:Treated with Pentoxifylline ( 16 mg /kgBW/day)for 30 days Group 3:Treated with Pentoxifylline ( 16 mg/kgBW/days)for 60 day. The histopathological findings of liver, kidney and spleen, showed infiltration of mononuclear cells within the liver parenchyma and portal areas and in the interstitial tissue of the kidney with perivascular lymphocytic cuffing and mild degenerative changes represented by acute cellular swelling of hepatocytes and epithelial cells lining the cortical renal tubules in addition to congestion of blood vessels Spleen showed lymphoid Hyperplasia of white pulp with congestion and infiltration of lymphocytes in red pulp.

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of experimental infection by Escherichia coli on some blood parameters and histopathological changes in male rats to reach this objective twenty male rats (Rattus norvigicus) were divided into two groups, housed under same conditions of water, feed, temperature, light and humidity. The first one served as control group, while the second was experimentally infected with Ecoli by administration of 2ml / rat of (1×109) colony forming unit/ml of E-coli. Five days later blood were obtained from animals by cardiac puncture to measure the total and differential white blood cells count hemoglobin concentration packed cells volume red blood cells count, and thrombocytes count. One animal from each group was killed and histopathological examination was done for intestine kidney liver and spleen to detect the effect of infection on these organs. The results revealed a significant increase in total leukocytes count (P<005) in infected group while the differential count showed a significant increase in neutrophils and significant decrease in lymphocytes (P< 0.05) in same group. There were a significant decrease in hemoglobin concentration packed cell volume and non significant decrease in red blood cells count. While thrombocytes count showed a significant decrease in infected group compared with control group (P<0.05). The histopathological examination of infected male rats intestine was demonstrated mild diffuse inflammation which include increased numbers of neutrophile in tissue intraepithelial lymphocytes and goblet cells In kidney renal tubules showed extensive epithelial swelling with decreased lumen space and generalized necrotic changes with interstitial hemorrhage in renal cortex. In liver hepatocytes were swollen with decreased sinusoidal spaces and widely distributed necrotic foci were seen. There is extensive splenic necrosis with infiltration of leukocytes from white pulp to red pulp of spleen.

This study was include the investigation of the antibacterial activity of ethanolic extract for (12) type of Iraqi plant leaves (Allium porrum L, Apium graveolens Mill., Cassia angustifollia Vahl., Lawsonia inermis L., Lepidium sativum L., Malva sylvestris L., Monthapiperita L., Ocimmum bassillicum L., Pettroselinum crispum Mill., Raphanus sativus L., Sponacia oleraceal. and Trigonella foenum L.). In different concentrations (20, 40, 60, 80, 100) mg/ml against Salmonella typhimurium in vitro using agar well diffusion method. All ethanolic extract of leaves showed a high activity against this bacterium except of Cassia angustifollia Vahl. as compared with the other extracts. The ethanolic extract of leaves of Petroselinum crispum Mill was showed the best activity with inhibition zone of twenty three mm in the concentration (100) mg/ml. This results confirm the antibacterial activity of these plants, and leaf components which are responsible for this action have to be isolated for using as therapeutic agents.

Iraqi goats (27) were used in this study .They were diagnosed clinically as cases of postpartum open pyometra (external &vaginal examination ) .This study was performed in vet med /Baghdad university and two regions from Baghdad province ,their age 2-5years from 2008-2011. They were divided randomly into three groups (9goats of each group) .The 1st group treated with 250 µg of estrumate I/M injected and 2gm (10ml) oxytetracycline 20% intrauterine (I.U).The 2nd group treated with estrumate in same dose and 1tube of Metricure I.U and the 3rd group treated with estrumate and 25ml of0.5% loguls iodine . Results showed that the number of goats responded were 77.7%, 66.6%and 88.8% in the 1st ,2nd and 3rd group respectively . The mean of the days open were 43.12±9.16,148.31±8.24 and 136.42±8.51 in the 1st ,2nd and 3rd group ,1st and 2nd group were significant P<0.01 with 3rd group (decreases) .The number of newly born kids were 32 kids (17male ,15female ). The alive were 27(84.3%) and dead 5(5.7%) .The retention of fetal membrane recorded 4/21 (19.04). In conclusion that the PGF2α (estrumate) has an effect role in the treatment of pyometra in goats and its effect increasing when combined with loguls iodine or oxytetracycline.

A total of 100 animals were examined during the period of beginning of September - 2010 till the end of March 2011 at dept of Microbiology college of Veterinary Medicine Baghdad University Baghdad Iraq. These animals include 50 cow and 50 sheep. Hairs and scales were submitted to direct KOH mount smear and culture on modified Sabouraud's Dextrose agar medium The direct smear was positive in 40 ( 80%) for both cows and sheep while the growth of dermatophyte was positive in 35 ( 70%) and 38 ( 76%) for cows and sheep respectively. Species identification revealed the presence of Trichophyton rubrum ( 19 isolates ) Trichophyton verrucosum ( 10 isolates ) Trichophyton mentagrophytes ( 5 isolates ) and Microsporum canis ( one isolate ) in cow while Trichophyton rubrum (22 isolates) Trichophyton verrucosum ( 2 isolates ) and Trichophyton mentagrophytes ( 14 isolates) was recorded in sheep.

This study was carried out to determine the changes in oxidant – antioxidant status and some biochemical parameters in pregnant Iraqi female camels in comparison with non pregnant one. To determine this objective (30) blood samples from pregnant female camels and (30) blood samples from non pregnant female camels was taken at last state of pregnancy (number of animals are 30 in each group) , blood samples were put in the test tubes contain anticoagulant (EDTA) , after centrifugation serum samples were taken for measurement of Malondialdehyde (MDA) , albumin , uric acid , total protein , alkaline phosphatase and urea concentrations.

The goal of this study to investigate the effects of Nigella sativa (Ns) oil on reproductive values, some hematological parameters serum biochemical characteristics, some sexual hormones concentration and histological changes of treated and normal male reproductive organs. The experiment (1) dealt with 20 males and 20 female rats at 21 days of age, 10 rats of each sex were giving orally Ns oil at the rate of 1ml/kg/day for 30 days and the others left as a control group. Insignificant changes were occurred in hematological parameters except the white blood cells (WBCs), were significantly increased in treated groups (P<0.05). The treated groups showed significant increases in total protein and significant decreases in total cholesterol liver enzymes markedly increased in treated rats Significant increases in the levels of LH, FSH and testosterone for males and LH, FSH, estrogen and progesterone for females were recorded. The experiment (2) dealt with effects of Ns oil on 20 adult males and 20 adult female rats that were given same dose of Ns oil for 30 days. There were significant increase in litter size and weight of rats born in treated groups. The experiment (3) dealt with the effects of Ns oil on castrated males fifteen adult rats were divided equally into 3 groups, two groups were castrated while, the third group was left as a control group; one castrated group was treated with same dose of Ns oil for 30 days, there were significant increases in serum testosterone concentration and weight of accessory glands in treated group. Histological changes in the accessory glands of treated groups were evident.

This study was conducted for rapid detection of contamination of meat products with E. coli 0157 by usage of ELISA test kit as one of the most rapid and newest test. The study showed the efficiency of ELISA test kit used in this study in detection of bacteria antigen in meat products samples of raw beef meat , kabab and beef burger which subjected to improper storage conditions or undercooked and hence when some peoples uptake some of these products they suffered from clinical intoxication signs like diarrhea ,vomiting and hyperthermia. The kit showed the presence of (9) samples positive among (90) samples ; (2) positive out of (30) kabab samples,(3) positive out of (30) beef burger and (4) positive out of (30) raw beef meat after 16 hrs of enrichment of all samples in EC Modified broth including Novobiocin supplement as inhibitor of other bacteria and then the liquid supernatants from all prepared samples got tested by ELISA kit used in this study and the data recovered in less than 1 hr.The study indicated the ability of using ELISA kit for detection of E. coli 0157 antigens in food stuffs and reduce the time for releasing the results in less than 24 hrs when compared with conventional culturing procedure which reuiqred more than 3 days and launch the food products for consumption with focusing on the main point here which is the protection of our consumer safety.

As a part of a protocol ( Z2F10 – Laidlomycin calf - fed Holstein health management ) Coccidiosis was studied in two hundred Holstein steer- calves (114 kg ) to evaluate the effect of management and treatment programs. Early weaned animals were shipped to the University of California Desert Research Center El Centro on the 26th of May 2010. The calves were vaccinated and treated with internal and external anti parasitic also injected with Vital E - AD (5ml SC 100000 vitamin A/ml and 12ml of liquamycin. Steers were balanced by weight and assigned within weight grouping to (40) pens ( 5 steers / pen ). Animals were randomly divided into four equal groups, the 1st was control group and the 2nd, 3rd and 4th groups were treated with Monensin Laidlomycin and Deccox respectively. Freshly lead fecal samples were collected during Summer months 2010 from the pens and a quantitative flotation technique was used. The Results showed that 50% of the control, 40% of the Monensin treated, 10% of the Laidlomycin treated and 70% of the Deccox treated groups were positive for coccidial oocysts. The prevalence rate of coccidia oocysts in the herd was ( 40.25 %).

A total of 250 stool specimens from patients live in Al-Ameen, Al-Mashtal, Al-Baladiyat and Al-Nahrawan, districts of Baghdad city were collected. The watery and loose specimens were wet mounted with normal saline and buffered methylene blue then all specimens concentrated and examined with Lugol\'s iodine solution. The protozoal parasites of medical importance Blastocystis hominis and Giardia lamblia were respectively detected in 59 (24.6%) and 42 (17.5%), samples with mixed infection were in eight samples. Differences due to district lacked significance. Statistical significance was observed when the influence of age category was tested (P<0.05). The highest infestation percentage with both parasites was noticed in the 5 – 10 years category whereas the lowest percentage was in the 19 – above years category. Seasonal variations and sex of the infected patients with both protozoa did not reach statistical significance. Significant differences were observed between number of infected patients with B. hominis and G. lamblia in the age categories of respectively Al-Ameen and Al-Baladiyat districts. Significance was recorded in the differences between percentages of the age categories\' females as well as of the age category 5 – 10 years males and females that were infected with G. lamblia Similar significance marked the percentages of infection of both sexes with B hominis in the age categories

The results of isolation in this research showed prevalence of Candida albicans at 35.7% which isolated from 70 samples of infected women who suffered from vaginal thrush compared with other infected agent. In vitro antifungal activities of ethanolic and aqueous( hot and cold distilled water) extracts of Quercus infectoria galls were tested against growth of C. albicans and C.glabrata in different concentration , showed that ethanolic extracts of Quercus infectoria was more effective against C. albicans at concentration 700mg/ml while the aqueous( hot and cold distilled water) extracts were more effective against C.glabrata compared with growth of C. albicans at same extracts .

Present experimental was carried out on 22 does 2-4 years old. The aim was to induction of estrous in non-breeding season using impregnated sponge with 20 mg of medroxy progesterone acetate (MPA) for 13 days and with an i/m injection of 500 IU Pregnant Mare Serum Gonadotropin (PMSG) hormone 24 hrs before sponge withdrawal and to compare the pregnancy rate using three different methods of insemination; natural , cervical and laparoscopic artificial insemination at fixed time 24-48 hrs after estrous onset. All does were showed signs of estrous (100%), the estrous time was 46.9±4.90hrs (24-60hrs) after sponge withdrawal. While estrous length was 37.09±1.91 (24–72hrs). All experimental animals followed up by abdominal palpation, ultrasonography at 30, 60 and 90 days post-insemination, while the laparoscopic examination was performed at day 30 post-insemination, to improve the efficiently of the different methods of inseminations in pregnancy rate ultrasonographical diagnosed by rectal and abdominal methods of 14 does post-inseminations appeared that two were pregnant, seven suspected and five non pregnant. At day 60th , post-insemination the pregnancy diagnosis of (22) does appeared that (14) were pregnant, six suspected and two non pregnant. While at day 90, the examination of all does appeared that (16) animals were pregnant and six were not. The laparoscopic examination, at 30 days post-insemination showed that eight does were pregnant, two suspected and two were not pregnant. In conclusion that the pregnancy rate of laparoscopic insemination is (75%), comparisons to natural (66.7%) and cervical AI method (75%) but there is no significant different between them, while the kidding percentage was appear in natural insemination (75%), cervical (100%) and laparoscopic insemination (150%). The results of this study indicate that estrus can be efficiently induced in female goats during non-breeding season using 20mg MPA impregnated sponge with 500IU PMSG.

The present study is assigned to evaluate the efficiency of hernioplasty in reconstruction of experimentally induced ventro-lateral hernia in bucks using two types of sutures (silk and polypropylene) and to find which thread is more safe and suitable for closure of the hernia, based on ultrasonographic examination.
Sixteen adult local breed bucks were enrolled for this study. All subjected to inducing artificial ventro-lateral hernia (12x10) cm in the right flank under the effect of local anesthesia (2% Lidocaine), then left for one month. After that, animals divided randomly and equally into two groups. In the first group, hernia repaired with silk, while in the second group, hernia closed by polypropylene. Sewing technique is used in both groups. The final appearance was (mesh-like).
Ultrasonographic examination in silk group and after 2 months there was slight improvement in echogenecity and collagen fibers. Polypropylene group and at the same period revealed an increased in echogenecity and decreased lesion size earlier in compare with silk group. In 4 months polypropylene group, reflected high echogenecity and complete infilling of the sewing holes with mature collagen fibers.

The study was carried to investigate pathological effects of fimbrial antigen of proteus vulgaris 20 rabbit has been divided into (4) equal groups The first group immunized subcutaneous twicely with (01) ml of pv fimberial Ag (200 µ/ml) with 2 week interval the second group was treated as the 1st group but in a dose containing 100 µ/ml. Third and fourth group considered as positive and negative control groups respectively. After 45 days post immunization first second and third groups were challenged with 01ml of bacteria suspension contain (107x5cfu/ml) of virulent pvulgaris. All rabbits of the third group died during 24-48 hr post challenge with severe congestion in all internal organs associated with necrotic foci mainly in liver and kidney at days 3-20 post challenge immunized infected rabbits (died and survival) were sacrified histopathologically the third group showed focal necrosis and polymorphonuclear cells (PMNCs) infiltration in liver parenchyma pulmonary edema with severe congestion and depletion of spleen Mild pathological changes were revealed in the 1st and 2nd immunized groups characterized by kupffer cell proliferation dilation of sinusoids with mononuclear cells (MNCs) aggregation (mainly lymphocyte) around blood vessels lymphoid hyperplasia in spleen with hyperplasia of goblet cells and secretion of mucin in the intestine mainly in the first groupfimberial antigen considered as effective immunogen for protecting rabbits against p volgaris infection and it is synchronized with dose of this antigen.

In this study a total of 60 samples of lived fishes (common carp) and frozen fishes were collected from 15 local markets in Baghdad city ,for isolation of Aeromonas hydrophila to determine the hemolytic ,cytotoxic activity of the isolates and their antibiotic susceptibility , 65% of our samples were found to be positive for Aeromonas hydrophila isolation 76.6% were in life fish samples and 53.3% in frozen fish 94.87% exhibited α and β hemolysis, 100% of life fish isolates show β hemolysis while frozen fish isolates show 85.7% β hemolysis and 14.3% α hemolysis , 97.43% of isolates show cytotoxic effect on Vero cells the highest frequency occur in the isolates of life fish group 60.50% , all isolates were 100% resistant to pencillin , ampicillin , Cloxacillin and Bacitracin in sensitivity test , and the resistance to other antibiotics appear to oxytetracycline 56.5% ,tetracycline 33.4% ,cephoxetin 30.8% , chloramphinicol and kanamycin 28.2% , at last the isolates show resistant to streptomycin and rifampicin in 23.1% and 15.4% respectively. These results demonstrated the presence of virulent food borne Aeromonas hydrophila in fish with multiple antibiotic resistance in Baghdad markets.

Study was conducted to isolate and diagnosis of bacterial which sensitive and resistance for components of Hg and Pb, and the ability of these isolate for resistance to remove high concentrations of Pb and Hg from components derived soil extract. Personalize Enterobacter cloacae 2w isolated filename as isolated from soil extract wetthass to a concentration of 5 mg Pb/L and 0.25 mg Hg/l. It also found that isolation resistance and treatable with ordinary two Pseudomonas putida1N resisted concentration was 150 mg Pb/L and 3.5 mg Hg/l. And isolation resistance added massively vaccine Center 6.2 Log cfu/ml of growth density 6.5 Log cfu/ml with a shot in the Center to focus 90 mg Pb/L and remove 60% of It also has the same isolation of growth-intensive 4.5 Log cfu/ml a concentration 3.5 mg Hg/L and remove 68.9 percent during a incubation of 48 hours.

The spore parasite is one of the most important causes of economic losses in calf farms due to diarrhea caused by infection with this parasite, and the efficiency of the methods of diagnosing the injury varies, so this study aimed to compare the efficiency of the ELISA method with some traditional methods in diagnosing injury in calves. 422 fecal samples were collected from three totals of calves aged 1-30 days and of both sexes for the period from the beginning of November 2009 to the end of April 2010, as the first group suffered from watery diarrhea and the second had pathy stool, and the third was normal. The first 92 stool samples were examined in three laboratory methods: the modified zyl nelsen dye dye, the saturated diabetic solution dysing method and the ELISA method. While the rest of the samples (330 samples) were examined by the methods of dyeing with Zel Nelsen and cutton with saturated diabetic solution. The highest rate of parasite was recorded in calves in the age group of 6-10 days, reaching 61.25% and the lowest rate in the age group 26-30 days, reaching 13.33% (P/��0.01). There was no moral difference between the rates of infection in males and females, reaching 34% and 35.09%, respectively. With regard to the strength of the fecal, the highest rate of injury was in calves suffering from diarrhea, which reached 48.29% compared to 36.36% in calves with pastal feces and 19.58% in natural calves. The highest infection rate (41.25%) was recorded in April and the lowest rate (27.14%) in November (P0.01). The study showed that there is no significant moral difference in the efficiency of the ELISA method in detecting parasite egg sacsts in fecal samples compared to traditional diagnostic methods. Of the 92 stool samples, the ELISA method gave 35 positive samples (38.04%) compared to 34 positive samples (36.95%) for each of the modified Nelsen dye methods and the saturated diabetic solution perfloration methods.

The effect of various concentration of Rosmarinus officinalis on the total count of bacteria in minced meat stored at temperature between 4 – 6oC for periods up to 14 days is examined. The results showed that the oily extract at the concentration of 20 – 100 mg/ml and the watery extract of the concentration of 120 – 200 mg/gm have a significant effect (P<0.05) in comparison with blank treatment No significant variation ware found at (P<0.05) in the treatment with the watery and oily extracts

Calcium, magnesium, phosphorous, sodium, potassium and chloride concentrations were estimated in 150 sheep in Baghdad classified according to body condition toemaciated, weamediu and fat sheep. Concentrations of calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, sodium, potassium and chloride in emaciated sheep were 1.88, 0.896, 1.5, 9.11, 9.04, 4.60 and 86.28 mmol/L , in weak sheep were 1.88,.876,1.34,124.11,4.89,and 95.95 mmol/L ,in medium sheep were 2.09,.986,2.10,150.57,5.25,and 105.21 ,and in fat sheep were 2.14 , 9.21, 1.93, 150.33, 4.83 and 100.63 with significant difference (P<0.05) between mineral concentrations of emaciated, weak, medium and fat sheep.

In this study 72 blood samples were collected from healthy individuals. Thirty blood samples were taken from children with age range (12-18) and twenty blood samples from females with age range (12-15) years old 2-4 after two weeks of vaccination with rubella vaccine. Control group included 12 healthy children and 10 healthy females both did not have rubella vaccine through their life. These samples were tested to evaluate the immune-status of individuals after immunization. In this study specific haemagglutination antibodies and IgM antibodies were measured and total Immunoglobulines (IgM, IgG and IgA) also determined. Lymphocyte transformation and ability of phagocyte cell to phagocytosis were measured. The results showed decrease in total IgG and IgA with an increase in the level IgM in children and females with significant differences (P<0.01), in comparing with control groups. An increase in the percentage of phagocytic activity of phagocyte cells in both groups (children and females) with a significant differences (P<0.05) in comparing with control group. Non significant differences in humeral and cellular immune Response between children and female groups.

This study was conducted in the special nursery in Mansour - Baghdad at 2011. to study the effect nitrogen 05 and 02 grams per liter in the form of urea as well as spraying four plant extracts which are Glycyrrhiz glabra uritica dioica Allium sativum Trigonella foenum – graecum and concentration of 5 grams per liter of distilled water and every extract plant in addition to the control treatment. Treatments were applied three times and the first was applied at 15-5-2011and the following applications were 15 days after the first application. Experiment were conducts using complete randomized block design with three replicates. Results, were analyzed using least significant differences at 5% probability. The results are summarized as follows:

The objective of the current study was to evaluate the effect of alcoholic and aqueous extract for leaves and stems of Nerium oleander on Trichophyton mentogrophytes and Cryptococcus neoformens in vitro. The effect of alcoholic extract for Nerium oleander leaves and stems on the tested fungi was showed inhibitory effect specialy on Trichophyton mentogrophytes compared with aqueous extract of leaves and stems of plant which showed less or no inhibition against the tested fungiA high inhibition rate of alcoholic extract of leaves and stems of plant aginst Trichophyton mentogrophytes were 83.3% and 67% respectively in concentration 20mg/ml. But the inhibition rate of aqueous extract of leaves and stems of plant on the same fungus were 30% and 0% respectively, in concentration 20mg/ml. The other aspect of the current study for the effect of alcoholic and aqueous extracts leaves and stems against Cryptococcus neoformens was done by measuring the diameter of inhibition zone of alcoholic extract of leaves and stems of the plant were 30mm and 22mm respectively in aconcentralion 200mg/ml where no inhibition zone for the aqueous extracts of leaves and stems of the plant against Cryptococcus neoformens. The conclusion of this study revealed that the Nerium oleander plant ( Toxic plant ) can be used as antifungal particulary the alcoholic extract of leaves and stems agairst Trichophyton mentogrophytes and Cryptococcus neoformens.