Journal of Kerbala University

This study was conducted at the poultry farm to animal science department, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, for the period from 12/8/2018 to 26/9/2018. The objective of the study was to evaluate the influence of different levels of calcium (Ca) and available phosphorus (AP) with or without probiotic (Pro) on overall growth performance and criteria of the bones of broiler chickens. Four diets were formulated and fed to broilers from days 1 to 10 with different mineral status;1) standard diet (0.96% Ca and 0.48% AP) as recommended by the Ross 308 strain guidelines; 2) Low1 (0.864 % Ca and 0.432% AP); 3) Low2 (0.768 % Ca and 0.384% AP); and 4) Low3 (0.672 % Ca and 0.336% AP). On the eleventh day, each treatment of low-Ca and AP treatments except the standard treatment (control group) was divided into six groups (low1, low2, and low3 with Probiotic( or (low1, low2 and low3 without probiotic). The bacteria concentration was (2 x 109 CFU/g). While the restriction was continued until the end of trial. Results showed that lowering the Ca and AP levels did not influence on weight gain (WG) and feed intake (FI), but the feed conversion ratio (FCR) was influenced by reduced Ca and AP levels (P=0.036). Birds fed diet containing low-Ca and AP with probiotic or without it, had a better feed conversion ratio compared with control group (P=0.01 and P=0.005) respectively. The percentages of ash, calcium, and phosphorus of tibia were decreased in birds fed the low-Ca and AP diets with or without probiotics compared with the control group. Broiler chickens fed with the low-calcium and phosphorus+ probiotics diets showed a higher percentage of calcium and phosphorus in the tibia ash compared to those fed on the same diets without probiotics. The results also showed that the length, width and relative weight of femur were not influenced by Ca and AP-deficiency or by probiotic supplementation, but the breaking strength was influenced by calcium and available phosphorus deficiency. Whereas the breaking strength has reduced in birds that suffer Ca and AP deficiency with or without probiotic compared with the control group. In conclusion, it is possible to decrease dietary Ca and AP levels by 10% or 20% during the grower and finisher phases without affecting growth performance and bone criteria.

research aimed at identifying the knowledge needs of farmers in aspect maintenance and improving the soil in Rabiaa region\ Nineveh governorate, and to identify the correlation between the knowledge needs of farmers and independent variables in the study, and arrange items of study according to the knowledge needs of farmers. research included (90) farmers and they represent (10%) of the research community (900) farmers. The questionnaire consisted of two parts: first part included the independent variables (Age,Education level,years of agricultural work, area of Agricultural land, type of tenure, agricultural information resources).while the second part consist of The scale to measure the knowledge needs of farmers in aspect maintenance and improving the soil. data collected through questionnaire were analyzed through different statistical techniques. descriptive statistics such as Percentages, Range, Frequencies, Means, Cronbach's Alpha coefficient, pearson correlation,and Chi-Square value. results show that knowledge needs of farmers in aspect maintenance and improving the soil high, also there are a significant correlation between the knowledge needs of the farmers and the age, education level, years of agricultural work, type of tenure, agricultural information resources, while there are not significant correlation between the knowledge needs of the farmers and area of agricultural land.the researcher recommends working to raise and enhance the level of knowledge of farmers in maintenance and improving the soil through participate them in training courses.conduct similar studies to identify the knowledge needs of farmers in maintenance and improving the soil in other regions of Iraq

This study deals with using simulation as a tool in time scheduling of construction projects taking a real project as a case study. This study shows that there is no unique situation to execute a construction project regarding its duration or cost. Instead there are probabilities of risk in these features that must be taken in planning phase .Simulation is an effective tool to expect so many situations regarding project duration or cost in that it enables the manager to take a wide range view or the construction in planning phase. In this study an Excel simulation model was made and there was ability to expect a more likely duration for the project under this study (with an increase of 5%) and a more likely cost (with an increase of 0.7% ) . Taken three standard deviations from these values it was very reasonable to put in hand a tool that can be used by the project manager as a performance measure.

In this paper, we show the results that can be obtained as four-sphere form Bloch sphere by using four-electrons after the happening of the superposition between them, showing the effect of Pauli gates on the superposition states. Each electron here represents as a single qubit. The superposition here is represented by sixteen states based on the base (n the number of electrons). We can select the specific state with one electron from the four electrons, for which the gate will applied to it and show the outputs as a four sphere forms from Bloch sphere. With the possibility of using be two gates and two electrons for a specific case. We are able to use two different electrons or the same electron twice then apply the two gates on them, and we can use the same gate twice. When applying X gate on the any qubit from the superposition state, it will rotate the qubit around the x-axis. The same way, when the Y gate is applied for any qubit from the superposition state, it will rotate the specified qubit around the Y-axis but appearance the Factor ( i ), which has no effect here because we focus on drawing the state not the measurement. In case affecting the qubit by using the Y gate and for two consecutive times will return the qubit to its original state, but to the opposite point, this is because of the Negative signal. As for the Z gate, if affecting a particular qubit it will remain with no change for the state ⟩, but the change in phase of state from ⟩ to ⟩ i.e. the point of state will be on the opposite point and the reason is the appearance of the negative signal in front of the state. In case the Z gate is repeated for two consecutive times and on the same qubit, with if the state ⟩, the qubit will return to the original state. All the results here will appear as drawings with mentioning the gate used, together with mentioning the former state and the final states after applying gates on them.

Seven Mystus pelusius fishes had been collecting from fishermen that fishing by throw out net from Euphrates river Babylon government Al-mussab city near the butcher market, it had been measured and weighted, its weight 15-70.9 gm, and its length 12.5-23.2 cm respectively and then examined it, throughout looking for parasite infection, the excysts metacercaria phase of Centrocestus formosanus was found on the gill filament, then measuring and comparing it with references and the researcher finding before, it look the seam with [1] recoded, then by e-mailing Prof. Dr. Mhaisen and after he check his un published book, [2] the parasite considered as a new intrusive on M. pelusius fish and this fish as a new host for it in Iraq.