Journal of Kufa legal and political science

The best use of all available means electronic or conventional were for promotion and marketing of products or services
It is vital to display products on the largest possible number of customers and Twitter is one of the most important means of social communication, which differs from the modern zeal for a series of the most important advantages wondrous speed in the delivery of information and an example
So when you view for sale, you can send a message size of a paper clip to your friends, this message can be up to 500 people in one minute, was interested in fifty of them in the subject and ultimately possible for at least ten people that want to buy. These splendor Twitter
Some wonder whether three minutes or less sufficient for the formulation of those letters? Most businessmen say yes. Now imagine that he could collect the same score in this topic every day. Of course not guaranteed to get the same result (ten) people every time across social networking but your access through this kind of communication is immediate and effective in most cases, so when you have friends on Face book or Twitter you will have access to them capacity by simply using your fingertips, and then they will be your target customers

The idea of ​​the presumed condition in a crime was and still is one of the most controversial and controversial topics in criminal law jurisprudence, which was not limited to one aspect of it, as is known in any controversial legal idea or topic, but rather extended to include the idea in all its details and particulars. Since the idea of ​​the existence of elements, requirements or factors, prior to or contemporary with the committed incident, was established in Italian jurisprudence, necessary in order to give it the description of a crime, it was called: (crime presumptions), but this name differed in German jurisprudence from French jurisprudence, and Arab jurisprudence has circulated multiple names to express the same idea, some of them expressed it as presumed elements, others called it presumed pillars, and others called it the presumed aspect of the crime, and other names, which express in their content the idea of ​​the existence of a legal center or element that precedes the occurrence of the crime or is contemporary with its commission, and the absence of that center or element results in the non-occurrence or realization of the crime.

The issue of good faith in the scope of the obligation of strict treaty security has been a difference in the position of comparative civil legislation as to the extent to which the good faith of the secured creditor is a condition for the validity of this aggravated treaty guarantee and therefore its effects on the debtor's security, Legal guarantee is an advantage to the creditor with the guarantee is always in his favor. Therefore, the judgment of the validity of the strict condition of the collateral requires the good faith of the creditor with the guarantee. If this is bad faith, this leads to the invalidity of the condition and thus the disappearance of the contractual guarantee and the return to the legal guarantee.

Negotiations are among the most prominent, fastest and most powerful legal and realistic means of ending non-international armed conflicts. In fact, the necessity of defending international interests has prompted some countries to enter directly or through mediation into international negotiations in non-international armed conflicts. This comes for many reasons, including national, ethnic, religious or even political interests. Regardless of the reasons, international negotiations are no longer limited to international conflicts, but have extended to non-international armed conflicts, which are primarily raised due to the differences in the interests of countries, loyalties and different orientations within certain forces in one country, which results in two aspects: the first: legal, which is represented by the extent of the legitimacy of international negotiation regarding an armed conflict, and the relationship of the negotiating parties to the conflict itself or its parties, and the second: the reasons and motives that lead to entering into international negotiations regarding a non-international armed conflict.

Entertainment parks are one of the authorized places of amusement; the owner could be an individual, a company of tourism or the state, they aims to entertain or recreate the customer by using the toys and other playthings . Here, we have a contractual relation; the player has to pay for the authority that organizes the entertainment parks by a ticket, where each party has certain commitments. The purpose of the owner authorities is the profits represented by the players` payments. With this contract, another unnamed contract appears under the Iraqi civil Act No.45 in 195; it had not been named by the Iraqi legislator, and its rules had not been organized within accessible texts.

This research aims to study the legal cover of popular mobilization in the Constitution and international humanitarian law under the circumstances facing Iraq.
The study included three basic topics: the first topic dealt with the legal organization of the popular mobilization. While the second topic dealt with the laws of compulsory recruitment and the National Guard and the institution of martyrs and popular mobilization, while the third topic dealt with legal support for popular mobilization under international humanitarian law.
This study has reached a number of results, the most important of which is: "The enactment of a law that protects the grassroots factions will preserve the rights of all, including the rights of tribesmen who have joined the popular mobilization." The law should protect the rights of residents in the event of abuse and violation by volunteers of the popular crowd. "
The study also reached a number of proposals, the most important of which was the following: Emphasizing the need to amend the constitution or to write a new constitution compatible with each other, so as to require the interests of the Iraqi people in all its components, not to the interests of parties, families and influential personalities

The political system in the United State of America characterized by several
Features , its influence is related by their system .
The importance of studying of the political system in USA and it effectiveness and developing ,and attention of some countries quotation from the political system of USA .
The target of this research problematic treatment the status of president in USA with respect to political system of the USA ,and pillars of authorities granted for him , and how to increase his authorities and influences , and reasons to increase his role and the effectiveness at presidential structure system and searching religions dimensions the role playing by researching centers for USA decision maker , adding the reality of the basic powers and the relationship between them .
There are several results of this research such as ,the presidential system guaranteed the stability for the USA , like provide multi chances for the government stability ,and the flexibility of authorities and relevance between goverance having power of authority and stability of self freedom

The evidence before the Administrative Court has a specificity which we do not find necessary in the special law, depending on the different parties to the administrative case, as well as the different nature of the administrative work. However, we find the scarcity of legislation dealing with the rules of evidence before the administrative courts. Some of them provide for the application of the rules of evidence in the special law on disputes The administrative problem is that by taking into account the nature of administrative disputes and not compromising the specificity of administrative proceedings involving two unequal parties, the problem of research is that the administrative case involves two unequal parties. On the one hand, we find the administration with authority and influence at the defendant's center The center is the most accessible in the lawsuit. On the other hand, we find the average individual, the weak opponent in the plaintiff's position, who is the source of the burden of proof, and we will try to address the specificity of evidence before the administrative court through two subjects. The second section is devoted to the statement of the doctrine of administrative proof and the factors influencing it through the statement of the doctrines of evidence in general and then the statement of the doctrine of administrative evidence as well as the statement of the factors that affect the evidence before the judiciary Ada Without the other.

This research is a simple attempt to study the subject of naturalization in terms of exceptional nature and provisions and the position of Iraqi law and comparative laws, because of the importance of exceptional nationality in particular and the special importance of nationality in general.

Investment is one of the most important aspects of trading activities because of its rolein the field of economic and social development, particularly if it well exploited and applied in a way that achieve a balance between its parties.
The most important issue to create a favorable investment atmosphere and encourage it to attract foreign capitals is the existence of judicial guarantees and advantages for investment. Such as, national judicial settlement ways to disputes investments . The researcher explains the role and competence of the national judiciary in (Jordanian, Egyptian, Algerian and UAE) that arbitrate in investment disputes. The researcher also shows the role of international judicial means to resolve investment disputes between foreign investors and the state. These means are the International Court of Justice, the Permanent Court of Arbitration, and the Arab Council for the Settlement of Investment Disputes. Therefore, investment does not grow and flourish only under the judicial security.
In fact, the most important legal guarantees to protect foreign and national investment is to provide specialized and fast Judiciary to resolve disputes related to the investment. Thus, the Security Legal means providing a proper legal environment for investment and the creation of stimulating legal mechanisms to investment , in addition to the sovereignty of the state of law in the field of business.

Through the above and our study of the issue of extremism and its impact on the strategic balance of the Middle East, we find that the emergence of extremism through the political or social, economic or intellectual reasons to create a new environment of balance in the region has given an important role of some regional powers to play an active role we find prominence The Turkish role, where Turkey considered the Syrian crisis as a valuable opportunity for them to support armed groups, which allows them to reach an important regional position, even though they claim the fight (calling) Despite the emergence of reports about the passage of terrorists in the country during the process of entry and exit from Syria and tolerance of the arrested extremists, and it is trying to play an important regional role in the strategic balance of the region and supports Russia as well as Iran and its interventions in many countries in the region and benefit from The situation in order to play a regional role and seek to strengthen its position and through these interventions in addition to its nuclear program, which terrifies the countries of the region, especially the Gulf States, which is always trying to highlight its position that this balance with the support of America and does not seek Israel and try to have a role Especially impressive Strategic ally of America, either for Iraq and Syria, it has become Square In order to eliminate this balance and axis tries to prove the most prominent role in the balance, we find that the appearance of extremism created a balance and other prominent forces in the region, such as Russia and strengthening the relations - Turkish - Turkey which is also a NATO member to the presence of the United States of America, Is the most prominent element in the creation of the state of extremism and terrorism and sought to impose its control over the region under the pretext of confronting and combating terrorism.
1. Building an intellectual system capable of facing extremism and promoting tolerance.
2. Eliminate unemployment and give job opportunities for young people and work on developing strategies and plans for the development and creation of employment opportunities and the exploitation of their applications positively.
3. Addressing negative social and economic factors such as corruption, supporting democratic institutions, dialogue, respect for religions and fundamental freedoms, combating intolerance and discrimination, and supporting mutual respect, coexistence and harmonious relations between ethnic, religious and linguistic groups. The peaceful settlement of conflicts and the resolution of existing problems.
4. As for the strategic balance, we see that extremism has created a new kind of balance in the region, which has been positive for some countries, which has led to become active and influential forces in the region. For example, Turkey and Iran have played active roles. I see the role of other countries such as the Gulf countries While others such as Iraq and Syria have become poisonous to balance and play roles in the region.
5. The role of the great powers such as the United States of America and Russia in activating extremism and benefiting from it in order to restore balance in the region to serve their interests as we find the Russian-Turkish alliance in addition to Iran on the one hand and the American Gulf on the other, thus creating opportunities and the rotation of countries with regional effectiveness - and Iran) and create an environment conducive to international intervention, especially America and Russia

Collaborated international legal base with a national base of organization behavior at the international and national levels with regard to the preservation of the human being, and to ensure the enjoyment of the rights established in both laws, whether international, or national, is the human right to live in a clean environment of internationally and nationally established rights, but that right like the rest of the human rights established in the international instruments .
Among the most important and most dangerous threats to this right is the noise, and reflected seriousness in on three sides; the first is not to give it the importance it deserves to stand with her face to protect human society from the dangers of the grave, and the second subtle serious effects on the health of the individual in particular and society in general; especially in the most important two elements of public order, two public health and public tranquility, and the third omission, overlooked the administrative settings in the laws relating to control noise in the implementation by Iraq authorities.

The research aims to shed light on the stages of the emergence and development of administrative law and after of the administrative judicial in the United Kingdom, where the research focused on the big turnaround in the attitudes jurisprudence administrative English and how to become a shift in the divisions of the law and the divisions of the courts and the distinction between the types of disputes that relate to acts of administration, and the search is over to prove the birth of "administrative law" in the United Kingdom like the Latin countries did not even reach so far to the same fashionable style leader in administrative law "France"

The world is witnessing tremendous developments and participation in many fields, including the field of information and communications systems, which has led to the creation of new means for concluding contracts, including the electronic computer, which has become widely used in various aspects of life and integrated with the international communications network “the Internet”, where the contracting parties receive from a distance and without being affected by their locations.