Al-Mustansiriyah Journal of Science

The jet stream has wide importance in analyzing synoptic maps because it correlates with other meteorological factors, so the study attempted to study the sub-tropical jet stream (SJS) and shows the variation ranges of atmospheric variables on its path depending on highly accurate meteorological maps obtained from (University of Wyoming), and the study tried to show the correlation with surface temperature in Baghdad city depending on data given from automatic weather station that located above Mustansiriyah university building in Baghdad. The study area covers the middle east region focusing on the subtropical jet stream and showing its correlation with the pressure system type over Iraq inside the (300) hPa level. The result showed that the highest surface temperature in Baghdad was recorded after the starting of the subtropical jet stream in its region, and the highest-pressure values in (300) hPa were over Iraq while the jet stream is passing its path. The study also showed that the sub-tropical jet stream corresponded with a higher value of temperature inside its path.

People in most countries suffer from tooth decay due to various reasons, and the germs responsible for tooth decay show an increase in resistance towards standard antibiotics used in treatment because of the inappropriate and indiscriminate use of these antibiotics. This study aimed to search for natural products that have fewer side effects and are more effective for treatment. Natural verjuice was used to study its effectiveness against some bacterial species including Escherichia coli, Streptococcus mutans, Staphylococcus aureus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa that cause caries, which were obtained from the Microbiology Research Laboratory in a previous study. The results showed the superiority of the effectiveness of verjuice over the effectiveness of most of the selected antibiotics against the studied bacteria, which confirms its effectiveness as a natural product without the need to extract the active substances with organic solvents.

Colorectal cancer (CRC), the second most fatal cancer and the 3rd most common cancer is expected to cause 0.9 million deaths globally in 2025. Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) is currently used in the follow-up of patients with colorectal cancer, and in this study, we are trying to find a better marker than CEA in following up on patients' health and knowing the effectiveness of the treatment used and as a diagnostic marker for colorectal cancer. To determine the significance of Cancer antigen 72-4 (CA72-4) as a prognosis predictor in patients with colorectal cancer, compare its prognostic validity to the CEA biomarker. this case-control study includes (150) participants, 100 patients (59 males and 41 females), and 50 healthy controls (26 males, 24 females). Blood samples were collected from all participants to measure the serum concentrations of CA72-4 and CEA using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Between November 2020 and February 2021 in Baghdad, Iraq, this investigation was conducted at the oncology teaching hospital's gastrointestinal consulting clinic. There was a strong positive relation between CA242 and CEA (R = 0.953, p <0.001) and participants with colorectal cancer had considerably greater levels of CA72-4 than healthy controls (p <0.001). AUC was 0.944, sensitivity was 86%, specificity was 94%, and the cutoff value was 50 U/ml for the CA72-4. while AUC was 0.919, sensitivity was 91%, specificity was 80%, and the cutoff value was 5 ng/ml for the CEA.CA72-4 can serve as a potential prognostic and diagnostic biomarker for colorectal cancer

The dysregulation of miRNA expression patterns is one of the many effects developments of cancer, miRNA has been found to express abnormally in hematological neoplasia such as chronic myeloid leukemia and solid malignancies. Resistance and the degree of response following tyrosine kinase inhibitor treatment are correlated with miRNA expression. Hence, in this study we tried to study the relationship of miRNA-150 between different breakpoint cluster region–Abelson (BCR- ABL) P210 transcript levels and the role miRNA- 150 between different levels of imatinib optimal response in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). Our study included sixty chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) patients they were divided into two groups based on response to imatinib therapy, thirty samples of the optimal molecular response of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) patients, and thirty samples of failure molecular response chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) patients. Thirty samples of apparently healthy volunteers were included and evaluated as control. According to the P210 BCR-ABL%, the results showed a significant difference (P= < 0.0001) between the responder and the failure response CML patients. Assessed the result of miRNA-150 showed a significant difference between both CML patients (P = < 0.0001), assessed miRNA-150 level among different response groups, and failure response of CML patients (P = 0.0002). A cutoff value of response vs. failure response (1.784) with high sensitivity can be a diagnostic value to differentiate between response and failure response. Changing gene expression with different amounts of miRNAs had an impact on drug-gene interactions, with consequences for cell growth and death. Gene expression of different levels miRNA-150 among of CML patients of imatinib therapy showed high expression in response patients than failure response patients. The gene expression level of miRNA-150 differs through different responses in CML patients.

Escherichia coli strains are increasingly becoming resistant to antibiotics and emerging globally. Bacteriophage is re-explored for the development of an alternative and safe agent to control a bacterial infection, especially with multi-drug resistant (MDR) bacteria. Here, we reported the identification of AAA1 phage from a sewage site near Baghdad’s Medical City. Morphological analysis using Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) suggested that the AAA1 phage had an icosahedral head of width ~ 70 nm and a non-contractile tail of ~ 400 nm belonging to the Siphoviridae family from the Caudovirales order. The plaque observation showed that plaques size and shape differ after prolonged incubation. The optimal multiplicity of infection was 0.1. The one-step growth curve was assessed and the result showed that AAA1 latent period was 10 minutes; burst size was 93PFU/cell and the burst period of 30 minutes. Based on characteristics, AAA1 phage is a potential candidate to control MDR E. coli infection.

Hormones are thought to primarily influence cancer risk by regulating the pace of cell division, cell differentiation, and the amount of cancer-vulnerable cells. Higher insulin levels and cortisol have been linked to some cancers, including breast cancer. Here, we evaluated the relationship between insulin and cortisol signaling and cancer, as well as the effect of these two hormones on organs, subcellular elements, and the process of carcinogenesis. We also consider the time points to prevent and cure breast cancer in insulin signaling. The ultimate objective is to enhance general health. Insulin and cortisol levels were tested and the results showed much higher insulin levels in breast cancer patients compared with control (p<0.001), whereas cortisol levels tested were lower in breast cancer patients compared with control with no statistically significant changes (p>0.05)

The most prevalent form of heart disease and the main cause of death in both developed and developing nations is CAD. It happens when \"plaque,\" or cholesterol or other fatty deposits that accumulate on the inner wall of the artery, narrows or blocks the arteries that deliver blood to the heart. Over time, chest pain might develop as a result of the reduction in blood flow to the heart caused by this plaque accumulation. The study was designed to find if Arginase acts as a biomarker for diagnosing Coronary Artery Disease (CAD). A total of 90 individual samples were included in the present study, the control group consist of 40 healthy individual samples, while the CAD patients were 50 individual samples. Some biochemical parameters such as fasting blood glucose (FBG), troponin I(TnI), high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), lipid profile, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and Arginase activity were analyzed. The results of the current study showed no significant differences in the average age of patients (67.00±6.78) when compared with the control group (61.10±6.46), P>0.05. A significant increase Was found in the FBI level, cholesterol, triglycerides, very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), TnI, hs-CRP, LDH, and Arginase activity in the patient\'s group when compared with the control group. While significant decrease (P<0.05) was revealed in the high-density lipoprotein (HDL) level in CAD patients in comparison to the control group. Also, there was a positive significant correlation between Arginase activity with each age and FBG. As for the ROC operator curve for Arginase, it was found that the area under the curve (AUC) was 0.953 with a sensitivity of 90%, and specificity of 95%. The results in the present study indicate a possible use of Arginase as a diagnostic marker for CAD

Apolipoprotein B100 (ApoB100) provides a good assessment of atherogenic lipoproteins (very low, intermediate, and low-density lipoproteins (VLDL, IDL, and LDL)). There is evidence that polymorphism of ApoB100 was observed in many conditions and it links with obesity, diabetes mellitus hypertension, and chronic inflammation, which could be related to the broad field of the atherothrombotic process, and could be one of the leading causes of coronary artery disease (CAD). It can be computed using a formula that makes use of a measurement of non-high-density lipoprotein levels. This study aimed to derive an estimated equation of ApoB100 from the measured ApoB100 levels specific to the healthy subjects of Kurd race/ethnicity in the Kurdistan region of Iraq taking into consideration the gender-based effect and the status of fasting and postprandial effects. A total number of 45 healthy subjects (23 males and 22 females) were enrolled in the study. The following measurements were achieved: anthropometric indices, blood pressure, lipid profile, including ApoB100, and blood sugar. The biochemical measurements were carried out at fasting and postprandial states. Specific equations were derived for calculating the levels of ApoB100. Significant differences in the anthropometric indices, blood pressure, and lipid profile were observed between males and females. The calculated ApoB100 levels were significantly less than the measured ApoB100 levels in both genders and fasting and postprandial states. The estimated equations for ApoB100 for females have differed from that for males at fasting and postprandial states. The levels of ApoB100 can be determined instead of measuring it in the laboratory by using a specific equation for healthy Kurd people. These equations are gender and race/ethnicity based. The established equation of estimated ApoB100 levels in males differed from that in females which is attributed to the cardio-metabolic factors and higher levels of systolic and mean arterial blood pressures among males. Apo B level is a quantitative index of plasma atherogenic lipids in hypertensive patients who presented with dyslipidemia

Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is the most recorded endocrinological condition that impacts women throughout their fertile years and causes a variety of clinical symptoms. The study included 60 women with PCOS and 60 women who were matched for age and body mass index (BMI) and excluded the participants refrain from vigorous exercise and drink anything with alcohol or caffeine. were tested levels for IR, insulin, Hepcidin, Adiponectin, lipids profile in control and PCOS. and found Reduced levels (non sig.) of adiponectin have been documented in Iraqi patients with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. There was an inverse relationship between IR and hepcidin levels in both groups meaning increase in IR (0.001) and decrease in hepcidin (0.001) levels may increase the risk of PCOS. well found that lipid profile (HDL, LDL, TG) that is non-significant but cholesterol high significant 0.001 in patients.

Text summarization is an important research topic in information technology because of the large volume of texts and the large amount of data on the Internet and social media. As a result, summarizing the text has gained significant importance, requiring finding highly efficient ways to extract knowledge in various fields. Thus, there was a need for methods of summarizing texts for one document or multiple documents. Furthermore, the summarization methods aim to obtain the main content of the set of documents simultaneously to reduce redundant information. This paper proposes an efficient method to summarize texts that depends on the word association algorithm to separate and merge sentences after summarizing them. As well as the use of data mining technology in redistributing information according to the (K-Mean) algorithm and the use of (Term Frequency Inverse Document Frequency TF-IDF) technology for measuring the properties of summarized texts. The experimental results found that the summarization ratios are good by deleting unimportant words. Also, extracting characteristics for texts was useful in grouping similar texts into clusters, which makes this method possible to be combined with other methods in artificial intelligence, such as fuzzy logic or evolutionary algorithms, in increasing summarization rates and accelerating cluster operations.

We define fuzzy soft irreducible sets, -fuzzy soft irreducible sets in fuzzy soft topological spaces and study the properties including (fuzzy soft continuity; fuzzy soft homeomorphism and fuzzy soft topological properties) on -fuzzy soft irreducible sets.

The primary aim of this paper is to define new concepts of systems of difference equations. For A homogenous system ????(????+1)=????????(????) of difference equations we define ????-semi homogenous of order ????, and adjoint. This definition is generalized to (2×2)-semi-homogeneous system of difference equations of order ????, where ???? is a positive integer number. We study all special cases of this definition and give some examples. Also, we give some characterizations of those definitions, the necessary and sufficient conditions for a homogenous system of difference Equations to be ????-semi homogenous of order one or greater than one is given in theorems, as well as some examples and theorems

In this paper, our purpose is to study the classical continuous boundary optimal triple control vector problem (CCBOTCVP) dominating by nonlinear triple parabolic boundary value problem (NLTPBVP). Under suitable assumptions and with given classical continuous boundary triple control vector (CCBTCV), the existence theorem for a unique state triple vector solution (STVS) of the weak form W.F for the NLTPBVP is stated and demonstrated via the Method of Galerkin (MGa), and the first compactness theorem. Furthermore, the continuity operator between the STVS of the WFO for the NLTPBVP and the corresponding CCBTCV is stated and demonstrated. The continuity of the Lipschitz (LIP.) operator between the STVS of the WFo for the QNLPBVP and the corresponding CCBTCV is proved. The existence of a CCBOTCV is stated and demonstrated under suitable condition

Films of poly (methyl methacrylate) PMMA and PMMA doped with zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) with different amounts were created using the solution casting technique. Different amounts of zinc oxide ranging from (0.001-0.005) g in step 0.001g were investigated and added to a polymer of constant amount (0.5) g of PMMA in 15ml Tetrahydrofuran (THF). It is known that increasing the amount of ZnONPs in this technique contributes to the appearance of ZnONP peaks within the polymer. The differences in the XRD spectrum show that the nanomaterial changed the microstructure of the polymer. This was discovered using a nanoscale scanning electron microscope (SEM). SEM revealed that the PMMA polymer surface exhibit an amorphous nature with a smooth surface. Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy demonstrates that there was no chemical reaction between the PMMA polymer and ZnONPs. Spectrophotometric measurements of absorbance and transmittance in the wavelength range 200- 900 nm were used to evaluate the optical characteristics of all films. Increased amounts of ZnONPs improve the absorbance, absorption coefficient, and extinction coefficient of PMMA polymer. With increasing ZNO content, the variance in computed optical energy gap values has been interpreted, the optical energy gap dropped from 4.65 eV to 4.10 eV. The solar radiation intensity in Baghdad for the pure PMMA films and PMMA/ZnO nanocomposites was measured at a rate of 1 hour for seven days in beginning in early September 2021, from 6 A.M to 6 P.M (13 h). As can be observed, almost all films have the same ratio of intensity of transmitted radiation to intensity of sunlight for all hours and days.

In the present research, CuO NRs are produced on Indium Tin Oxide (ITO) using (CBD) growth process, and their electrochemical characteristics for glucose biosensors are studied. A field emission scanning electron microscope, x-ray diffractometer, energy dispersive x-ray, and UV-VIS spectroscopy were used to examine the morphology and crystallinity of a CuO film. The synthesized CuO film displays a monoclinic phase with average crystallite sizes of around (18–25) nm. CuO is composed of NRs aggregating together to construct flower and flower bud-like shape structures with a diameter between (20-80) nm and a thickness of the CuO film is about (158.5-285.7) nm. The energy gap of CuO NRs was 2.55 eV. The I-V characteristics of the biosensors were measured and evaluated at various glucose concentrations to determine their sensitivity. The electrocatalytic performance of the CuO for the detection of glucose was outstanding. With a very low limit of detection (LOD) of 0.45 μM and a sensitivity of 799 μA cm-2 Mm-1, the electrode attained a wide linear range from 0.5 to 2 mM. This result highlights the sensor's tremendous potential as a high-performance non-enzymatic glucose sensor that makes use of an original, cost-effective, and straightforward sensor design.

Solar energy is the most abundant renewable energy source. This energy can be converted directly into electricity using solar panels. The fixed tilt solar panels are the most practical and the most widely installed throughout the world. Optimum tilt angle calculation has the advantage that it does not use expensive solar trackers. This research calculates the seasonal optimum tilt angle of solar panels for 17 cities in Iraq and 83 cities in 83 countries distributed around the world. Solar Panel Angle Calculator program was used in calculating the optimum tilt angles from vertical. The optimum tilt angle varies between 6° and 112° throughout the year. This angle for winter, spring/ autumn and summer seasons are found to be between 6° to 66°, 30° to 89° and 54° to 112°, respectively. All angles calculated from the calculator program are validated by comparing it with those obtained from equations. An excellent agreement was established. Cities which have approximately the same absolute values of the latitudes are have the same optimum tilt angles. Based on the results, adjusting angles four times a year is recommended. This work can serve as a guidance for installing solar panels.