Al-Nahrain Journal of Science

The review generalizes and systematizes in this review the results of research on the synthesis and properties of tetrazole derivatives and the properties of tetrazole compounds, and synthetic routes. In medical chemistry, the tetrazole compounds play a big role in medicinal applications such as antibacterial, anticancer, and effects on the central nervous system.

In this work, two new mesomorphic bent-rod shape compounds containing bis-oxadiazole rings are described. The relationship between the compound structure and the mesomorphic behavior as 3,3'-benzene-1,4-diylbis [5-(4-nitrophenyl)-1,2, 4-oxadiazole] and 3,3'-benzene-1,4-diylbis [5-(4-chlorophenyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazole] were established using different terminal groups (i.e., NO2, Cl). The mesomorphism was categorized using POM and DSC, while the compounds structure were characterized using FT-IR and 1HNMR.

A drug is any chemical substance that causes a change in an organism's physiology or psychology when consumed. Antibiotics are medicines that fight bacterial infections in people and animals. They work by killing the bacteria or by making it hard for the bacteria to grow and multiply. The antibiotic can class according to structure or action or basic. Every drug have side effects on body if use If taken incorrectly.

The ternary ceramic compound (BNT-BKT-BT), like 0.855 (Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3) 0.115 (Bi0.5K0.5TiO3)-0.03 (BaTiO3) was prepared by solid-state reaction. Three different calcination processes as a function of temperature and time had been used as the candidate for the structural phase. The crystal structure analysis confirmed a rhombohedral and tetragonal phase regarding diffracted peaks within the morphotropic phase boundary (MPB). The dielectric behavior at different frequencies (1, 10, 100 kHz, and 3 MHz) and temperatures showed a maximum curie temperature at (295 °C) through a frequency (100 kHz). The XRD analyses showed the peak splitting observed around (2q = 40, and 46) related to the overlapping between many peaks mentioned by different phases. The appearance of the relaxer ferroelectric behavior emphasizes the agreement of the XRD analysis and dielectric measurement.

For 5G communication networks, including Long-Term Evolution Advanced mobile communication services, PIFA antenna is proposed. The proposed antenna structure is consisting of substrate, ground plane, shorting plate and feeding post connected to the ground plane. This antenna has been design based on a FR-4 has relative permittivity of 4.3 it has a volume of (120´60´1.5) mm3. The experimental results of the Planar Inverted F Antenna (PIFA) that have been measured at the range from (3-4 ) GHz of frequency experimentally using the Site Master (Anritsu S362E), it has been demonstrated that the return loss, bandwidth, VSWR, and impedance are -41.15dB, 510 MHz, 1.04 and 48.414 Ω respectively at resonant frequency 3.5 GHz. The theoretical and practical values are so close to each other which justifies the antenna's excellent fit.

In this paper, a method of enriched category theory to form a closed symmetric monoidal structure on the category of generalized modules CR = (mod R,Ab) have been implemented. Further, a new kind of generalized module category defined on two commutative rings R and S, denoted by CRS = (mod R,mod S) is constructed. Finally, the authors studied a localization on this type of categories, both of them are Grothendieck.

Approximate solution of fuzzy initial value problem composed of interval fuzzy ordinary differential equation subject to initial conditions given as fuzzy intervals is the main objective of this work. The considered fuzzy initial value problem was given with Hukuhara definition of the difference and derivatives for interval-valued functions, in which two cases are considered depending on the comparison between the lower and upper functions of the solution derivative. The followed definition for presenting the fuzzy interval is generalized using trapezoidal fuzzy number, while the followed approximated method used in this work is the variational iteration method and its modification to increase the accuracy and the rate of convergence to the exact solution.

Coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) is a deadly acute respiratory illness brought on by an infection with coronavirus 2. (SARS-CoV-2). The severity of the syndrome was variant among the individuals ranging between severe and mild. Interferons type 1 are one of the cytokines inactive the viral replication. Genetic variation in rs2850015 for IFNA1 and rs202055606 for IFNAR1 were investigated by high-resolution melting analysis. Results showed that TT genotype and T allele of rs202055606 polymorphism represented a significant positive odds ratio as risk factor for severity while C allele act as protective factor. The rs2850015 polymorphism revealed conversion T to G, the GG genotype and G allele represented a significant positive odds ratio as risk factor for severity while the T allele represent protective factor from severity. It was be concluded that the GG genotype and G allele for rs2850015 and TT genotype and T allele may be associated with severity of Covid-19.