Journal of Petroleum Research & Studies

The calculation of the oil density is more complex due to a wide range of pressures and temperatures, which are always determined by specific conditions, pressure and temperature. Therefore, the calculations that depend on oil components are more accurate and easier in finding such kind of requirements. The analyses of twenty live oil samples are utilized. The three parameters Peng Robinson equation of state is tuned to get match between measured and calculated oil viscosity. The Lohrenz-Bray-Clark (LBC) viscosity calculation technique is adopted to calculate the viscosity of oil from the given composition, pressure and temperature for 20 samples. The tuned equation of state is used to generate oil viscosity values for a range of temperature and pressure extends from the reservoir to surface conditions.
The generated viscosity data is utilized in the neural network tool (NN) to get fitting model correlates the viscosity of oil with composition, pressure and temperature. The resulted error and the correlation coefficient of the model constructed are close to 0 and 1 respectively. The NN model is also tested with data that are not used in set up the model. The results proved the validity of the model. Moreover, the model’s outcomes demonstrate its superiority to selected empirical correlations.

A step by step procedure has been developed to design cement hydraulic during cement job to minimize non cemented channels or bad cement job by taking into consideration the non-flow area throughout the eccentric annulus. Since cement slurry exhibit non-Newtonian rheological behavior, a good description of the slurry rheology is required in order to estimate accurately the velocity profile across the annulus. To achieve this goal, six rheological models have been adopted: Power-law, Robertson-Stiff, Bingham, Casson, Modified Power-law, and Modified Robertson-Stiff Models. Using the last five rheological models, new frictional pressure gradient equations for laminar flow of cement slurry through an eccentric annulus have been derived by the author based on slit-approach approximation.

Mansuriya Gas field is an elongated anticlinal structure aligned from NW to SE about 25 km long and 5-6 km wide. The Jeribe formation considered the main reservoir, contains gas condensate fluid, has a uniform thickness about 60 m. The reservoir is significantly over-pressured.
In this study, the 3D geological model for Jeribe Formation in Mansuriya Gas Field is set-up by using Petrel. Jeribe Formation represents the most important reservoir in Mansuriya Gas Field. Four vertical wells (Mn-1, Mn-2, Mn-3 and Mn-4) were drilled in Mansuriya Gas Field and used to set-up water saturation and porosity models represented by a 3D static geological model in three dimensions. The main reservoir, Jeribe Formation carbonate, is subdivided into 8 zones namely J1 to J8, according mainly to porosity log (RHOB and NPHI) trend, DT trend and saturation trend. Petrophysical model (porosity and water saturation) for Jeribe Formation was set-up from values of porosity and water saturation using Sequential Gaussian Simulation algorithm. According to data analyses and the results from modeling the units (J1, J3, J4, J5, J6 and J8) are considered as high-quality reservoir units due to the high PHIE, low water saturation and no shale content. Units (J2 and J7) are considered as non-pay units because of very high-water saturation. Cross sections of petrophysical model were conducted to show the vertical and horizontal distribution of porosity and water saturation between wells in the field.

In order to determine the most suitable composite coatings to inhibit corrosion in the oil tanks, the protection method was studied by the method of multiple layers of protection. Where there were three layers of protection, the base layer is a phosphate process using zinc phosphate, the second layer is a base painting (Hydrazine Hydrate with an epoxy zinc coating), while the top layer was a composite coating matrix of unsaturated polyester and epoxy supported by different fraction weight of nanomaterials. The top layer was supported by nano kaolin with 1% weight fraction, nano magnesium oxide with 3% weight fraction and nano zinc oxide with 5% weight fraction. The three layers were painted on metal pieces (1.5cm*1.5cm) of corroded tanks used to store diesel fuel. The hardness of the metal parts was studied before and after the phosphate process, where the results showed that the sample surface hardness was 123 HB and after the phosphate process was 131 HB.
The chemical corrosion and electrochemical corrosion test were carried out for a group of samples that were painted only once with a topcoat and again with three layers of paint. The results showed that the best protection against corrosion is the sample that painted with three layers of coating, and the top coating supported by a nano magnesium oxide, it has lowest corrosion current value (162.59 nA/cm2). Furthermore, the adhesion test showed that the coating supported by nanomaterials have higher adhesion strength than those that are not supported by nanomaterials. Where the highest adhesion strength was (776 Psi) for magnesium oxide nanoparticle coating.

In this study, a steady-state bioelectrochemical model was developed to simulate the correlation between the acting overpotential and the produced current that is accounting for anode polarization. This study aimed to analyze the performance of a dual-chambered microbial fuel cell (MFC) equipped with two bio-anodes and fueled with real refinery oily sludge having a COD concentration of 13890 mg /L. Anode polarization data revealed a maximum current density of 6.07 A/m3 of the substrate at an overpotential of 1.83 V. In addition, the behavior of the experimental measurements revealed the dominance of the ohmic losses in the overall anode overpotential compared to activation and mass transfer losses, respectively. On the other hand, the suggested mathematical model was verified significantly by the obtained experimental data, achieving a determination coefficient (R2) of 0.96. Actual sustainable energy was also obtained using the reductive decrease of anode potential (RDAP) and it was found that the sustainable energy for this corresponding system can be attained when applying 17.6 KΩ as the external resistor.

Modern highway transportation faces many challenges such as high traffic density, heavy load and high speed thus the asphalt pavements are founded to be subjected to various types of distress. That can be done by looking for good material to be added to the asphalt mix such as polymers LDPE, SBS and HR as shown by some researchers. The main objective of the work is to find new bitumen mix which is compatible with the Iraqi standard and saved the environment. The result indicates an improvement in most of the modified bitumen with HR, SBS and LDPE. 10% WCO, 88% bitumen and 2% HR give 60 mm Penetration, 99.3% solubility, 95 ductility, 44 oC softening point and 288 flash point were seen to be optimum with the selected standard. At the end, the study indicates that a good quality bitumen can be achieved using HR, SBS and LDPE.

The research aimed the identify on level of nanocomposite coating of a steel alloy that used in manufacture of mineral reservoirs for the storage of oil products in the oil products distribution company (Opdc.).. The metal was coated by epoxy composite reinforced by hybrid particles. The chemical composition of alloy was characterized by using spectrometer OE. The topographic and surface nature of coat material was studied by atomic force microscope (AFM) and optical microscope. Also a cognitive scale was prepared from (hardness, adhesion strength, chemical corrosion tests as well as electrochemical corrosion test. It was found the type is (St-37), it’s a low carbon steel according to (ASTM). It was found Hardness of coat increase with increase of reinforced ratio and the adhesion strength of coating (232 Psi). Chemical and electrochemical corrosion tests have shown the efficiency of coating in corrosion inhibiting and metal protection.

The production system is on time( just in time) it is a contemporary systems of modern technology systems that are applied in local international industrial facilities, the main objective of its application is to reduce production costs to the maximum extent to work to improve the quality of goods produced in line with consumer requirements and desires, in order to implement the system, methods and methods must be followed, including spreading the spirit of cooperation and work as ateam within the facility, preparing educational courses and workshops for technicians and administrators to be sufficiently familiar with matters relating to the application of the system ,increasing the competitiveness of the facility with other industrial facilities and meeting the requirements of consumers within the specified dates to achieve the desired goals of the system, lssuing instructions and decisions by the legislative bodies governing the work of companies and providing all the facilities necessary to implement the system in the manner it requires to reach its goals in reducing production costs and improving its quality, Guidance on organizing time management and managing raw materials in the production process, eliminating wasted time and high levels of damaged materials and focusing on inventory management and developing zero stock policy through direct supply from suppliers and reducing the amount of stock of raw materials.
We covered this briefly dividing the research into two chapters the first included the theoretical framework for production on time, the chapter is divided into two sections, the first is the concept, characteristics 'goals and elements of the production system at the specified time, the second included requirements of using the production system at the appointed time, and the second chapter included the offects of system on reducing costs and improving product guahity.