Journal of Al-Farabi for Medical Sciences

Preeclampsia (PE) is a significant contributor to maternal morbidity and mortality that manifests as new-onset hypertension after 20 weeks of pregnancy with signs of uteroplacental or maternal organ dysfunction or proteinuria. This condition is linked to intrauterine growth restriction, preterm birth, placental abruption, fetal distress, and fetal death in utero. The findings of the recent study can be summed up as follows: Hematoxylin and eosin staining of placenta tissues revealed a significant area of calcification in the villous stroma. Additionally, increased collagen fibers around blood vessels and varying degrees of mononuclear cell infiltration are caused by capillary and vein congestion. The Masson's Trichrome stain revealed deposited fibrin between decidual cells and extra-villous cytotrophoblasts, which were surrounded by mature intermediate and terminal villi. Congestion of veins with increased fibrin deposits around veins and arterial vessels with increased fibrocytes When the data was statistically analyzed, it was discovered that PE pregnant women had significantly p<0.05 higher levels of serum TNF- α , than normotensive women ( NT ). Finally, the study found a link between preterm PE and women's pregnancy, as well as histopathologic and immunological parameters in preterm PE and NT women.

The present study was conducted to investigate the cytotoxic activity flavonoids extracted from Conocarpus erectus L. leaves using ethyl acetate and chloroform, the results of the extracted flavonoids were detected by HPLC. The evaluation of its cytotoxic effect on cancerous SKG cell line Human Esophageal Cancer and non-cancerous REF (rat embryonic fibroblast) using MTT assay. HPLC analysis of both extracts showed 6 out of 10 flavonoids matched the standard peaks which were (Catechin, Rutin, Myrecetin, Quercetin, Apigenine and Kaempferol). The cytotoxicity of the ethyl acetate extract was greater than that of the chloroform extract against the SKG cell line, and the cytotoxic effect of both extracts increased with increasing concentration. At 200 μl/ml the cytotoxicity of the ethyl acetate and chloroform extracts were 71% and 64.6%, respectively, while the cytotoxicity of the extracts on REF cells was 10.5% and 11.2%. This implies that C.erectus extract has little negative effects on normal cells and is thus a safe and promising anticancer drug candidate.

ephalexin is a first generation cephalosporin with high antibacterial activity against a number of microbes. Cephalexin is highly sensitive and could be hydrolyzed by almost all of β-lactamases. An in silico prediction and evaluation study is performed to find a possibility of bringing new life to cephalexin, and other cephalosporins that are susceptible to hydrolysis by lactamases. This approach includes an introduction of an amino acid moiety into cephalexin through an amide bond with its primary amine group. This amino acid moiety is expected to provide steric hindrance and protecting the β-lactam ring from being hydrolyzed. In silico study included measurement of binding affinity to penicillin binding proteins (PBPs) and D-alanyl-D-alanine carboxypeptidases and to β-lactamases. Drug likeness and Molinspiration calculations were recorded to find a reliable correlation with better activity and stability against β-lactamases. The newly suggested conjugates that recorded the best score of binding affinity on PBPs are L-Phe-Cephalexin, L-Arg-Cephalexin, L-Tyr-Cephalexin and L-Thr-Cephalexin. Two of these conjugates, namely, L-Arg-Cephalexin and L-Tyr-Cephalexin recorded high binding affinity scores on D-alanyl-D-alanine carboxypeptidases. Moreover, the predicted stability of L-Arg-Cephalexin and L-Tyr-Cephalexin conjugates against β-lactamases was recorded. Drug-Likeness parameters have shown that L-Cys-Cephalexin, L-Lys-Cephalexin and L-Arg-Cephalexin conjugates were the best compounds recording the highest binding affinity. In conclusion, the amino acid-linked cephalexin conjugates were found to possess high binding affinity to PBPs, D-alanyl-D-alanine carboxypeptidases and β-lactamases, which may encourage the synthesis and intensive evaluation.

House mice were live-trapped in the orchards within the site of AL- Farabi University collage from Late of December 2017 till The end of March 2018. It was found that there was active normal reproduction during the winter months December, January, February and March. The pregnancy rates during these months ranging between 41 and 81 % with Litter size ranging between 4 and 8 pups. The numbers of embryos ( M.± S.E. ) for the months of the study were 6± 0.38, 5 ± 0.33, 4.81 ± 0.39 and 4.88 ± 0.33 respectively.

The present study was conducted to investigate the antibacterial activity of Thuja orientalis extract against fourteen isolates of Klebsiella from urinary tract infection patients. Antibiotic susceptibility test was done against eight antibiotics to determine the bacterial resistance. The highest bacterial resistance was against Cefixime and Trimethoprim (100%), while the lowest resistance was against Ciprofloxacin, Levofloxacin and Imepenem (28.57%). Finally the effect of Thuja oriantalis plant extract was tested and results showed that, this plant extract has marked inhibitory effect against all Klebsiella isolates.

Cell-free supernatants of two probiotics namely Lactobacillus casei and Lactobacillus fermentum were assessed for their antiproliferative and antitumor activity on human colon cancer CaCo2 and normal NCM425 cell lines. MTT 3-(4,5- Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-Diphenyltetrazolium Bromide) assay was used to detect cytotoxic activity and cell viability. Our results indicated that both supernatants exhibited cytotoxic activities and their impact was in a dose-dependent manner. The results also showed that the supernatants were less toxic to normal cells. Lactobacillus casei cell-free supernatant (LcCFS) was more cytotoxic on cancer cells than Lactobacillus fermentum cell-free supernatant (LfCFS) at higher concentrations. However, no significant differences were observed between the impact of LcCFS and LfCFS on the NCM425 cell line. In conclusion, cell-free supernatants of Lactobacillus casei and Lactobacillus fermentum could be good candidates for cancer treatment and control.

This study revealed that bromelain from pineapple and quercetin from fenugreek mixture were active in reducing the effect of arthritis the body diameter measurements within day 4 until the day 10 of peak of induction of arthritis reached the maximum at 5.8 for CRP (mm/hr) ESR (mg/Dl) and reduced it to nearly the normal value 4.3 for CRP and 1.9 for ESR at day 30 with concentration 350 mg/kg of (bro, quer) and within day 4 until the day 10 of peak of induction of arthritis reached the maximum at 2.8 mm of paw volume and reduced it to nearly the normal value 2.9 for 300 mg/kg of (bro, quer) and 2.6 for 350 mg/kg (bro, quer) at day 30 with concentration 350 mg/kg , While within day 0 until the day 10 of peak of induction of arthritis reached the maximum at 83 ng/dl for IgG2 and 70 ng/dl for IgG1 and 40 IgG reduced it to nearly the normal value 68 ng/dl of IgG2 for 350 mg/kg of (bro, quer) and 57ng/dl of IgG1 and 39 ng/dl of IgG for 350 mg/kg (bro, quer) at day 30 with concentration 350 mg/kg .Also within day 0 until the day 10 of peak of induction of arthritis reached the lowest body weight at 18 mg of paw volume and increasing it to nearly the normal weight 19mg for 300 mg/kg of (bro,quer) and 21 mg for 350 mg/kg (bro, quer) at day 30 with concentration.