Journal Of Educational and Psychological Researches

This study aims to identify the effectiveness of the life skills program on the self-concept and optimism of people with learning difficulties. The researcher adopted an experimental approach. The study sample consisted of 70 male and female students from schools in the city of Arar, in the northern border region of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The results showed a clear impact on the study sample, resulting in increased confidence and an increase in self-concept and optimism. The results also showed a positive correlation between life skills, self-concept, and optimism.

The discrepancy in the effectiveness of transcranial direct current stimulation (TDCS) on cognitive processes raises the need for further investigations. The current study investigated occipital TDCS effects on reaction time (RT) of the visual orientation discrimination task (ODT) using secondary data analysis from a previous study investigating occipital TDCS effects on visual ODT thresholds. The ODT comprised vertical and oblique conditions. Participants were randomly assigned to one of three experimental conditions (Anodal-TDCS, Cathodal-TDCS, and Sham-TDCS) between two ODT runs (first run: pre-experimental condition, and second run: post-experimental condition) for 10 minutes with an intensity of 2 mA. A mixed-model ANOVA analysis of data from 78 participants showed that RT was shorter for the oblique condition than the vertical condition, reflecting an “inverse oblique effect.\" Also, the analysis showed that RT was shorter for the second ODT run than the first run, irrespective of the experimental condition. Additionally, the result showed no observable effects of TDCS on the visual RT. Explanations for the absent effects of occipital-TDCS on the current study are discussed.

The research aims to identify the educational role of male and female teachers of the Arabic language in promoting values and national identity among students with learning disabilities in integration schools for the primary stage in Abha and Khamis Mushait. The study adopted the correlative and comparative descriptive approaches, as they fit the objectives and questions of the study. A questionnaire consisted of three domains. The needed data were collected from the study sample of (117) male and female teachers of the Arabic language in the city of Abha and Khamis Mushait. The results showed that male and female teachers play their role in promoting the values and national identity of students with learning disabilities to an acceptable and appropriate degree. There are methods to promote the values and national identity of students with learning disabilities to an acceptable and appropriate degree. The highest obstacles that teachers face while performing their role in promoting values and national identity among integration students (school guidance) emphasize more attention to the cognitive. The study recommended that educational leaders in primary schools pay attention to the need for a balance between interest in cognitive, skillful, and emotional aspects.

The research aims to determine the degree to which the variation in the number of alternatives to the objective question and the location of the correct alternative affects the stability and internal consistency of a test in the measurement and evaluation course between the Bayesian statistical model and the classical measurement theory among King Khalid University College of Education students. An objective accomplishment exam with four possibilities was created by (100) students who studied the measuring and assessment process. The questions were designed to accommodate options two and three. The JASP statistical software was utilized to apply Bayesian statistics, aiding in the execution of both conventional and Bayesian statistical tests. The researcher reached the following results: the greater the number of alternatives, the greater the stability of the test, and the differences between the value of the stability coefficient in Bayesian statistics and its value in traditional statistics were simple differences, and there was an internal consistency between the questions and the total score of the test in the case of the number of alternatives being four, and a large agreement was found. between the results of the Bayesian statistic and the traditional statistic, while on the contrary, in the case of the two alternatives, a weak internal consistency was found in the case of the traditional statistic and medium In the case of Bayesian statistics, where the correlation indicatives and their inclination towards the alternative hypothesis were more in the case of Bayesian statistics than in the case of the alternative statistics, the stability coefficient is higher in the Bayesian statistics than in the traditional statistics, and that the location of the correct alternative in the Bayesian statistics has a slight effect on the value of the stability coefficient (0.693 vs. 0.700), while it has a more clear effect in the traditional statistics (0.728 vs. 0.756), and there is a similarity in the level of significance between the traditional theory and Bayesian statistics, and all correlation coefficients were in favor of the alternative hypothesis, which indicates the presence of a significant positive correlation between the question score , and the total score of the test, with the exception of one question, was in favor of the null hypothesis, which indicates that there is no significant positive correlation between the score of the question and the total score of the test, and there is a similarity in the level of significance between the traditional theory and Bayesian statistics, and all correlation coefficients were in favor of the alternative hypothesis, which indicates There is no significant positive correlation between the score of the question and the total score of the test, except for three questions among the ten, which were in favor of the null hypothesis, which indicates that there is no significant positive correlation between the score of the question and the total score for testing.

The study aims to identify the requirements for the application of modified physical education in light of the quality of the educational process in the schools of Sultanate Oman. The questionnaire was applied to an exploratory sample of 40 physical education teachers in the Ministry of Education. The study recommends the need to develop a curriculum for modified physical education according to the best international specifications, work to follow up on developments and sports modifications for modified physical education and benefit from them, and hold workshops and training courses to refine the experiences of modified physical education teachers.

هدفت هذه الدراسة إلى الكشف عن تصورات طلبة التعليم الأساسي وما بعده حول تدريس التربية الفضائية في مناهج الدراسات الاجتماعية بسلطنة عُمان، وواقع اهتمامهم بعلوم الفضاء، والتعرف على تطبيقات علوم الفضاء، واعتمدت هذه الدراسة على المنهج الوصفي المسحي، ولتحقيق أهدافها تم جمع البيانات بأداة (الاستبانة) المكونة من (26) عبارة موزعة على أربعة محاور، حيث طبقت على عينة عشوائية طبقية مكونة من (200) طالباً وطالبة. وخلصت نتائج الدراسة إلى وجود تصورات إيجابية لدى طلبة التعليم الأساسي وما بعده حول تدريس التربية الفضائية في مناهج الدراسات الاجتماعية في كافة جوانبها، كما كشفت الدراسة عن عدم وجود فروق ذات دلالة إحصائية في متغير النوع الاجتماعي والصف الدراسي، ووجود فروق ذات دلالة إحصائية وفقاً لمتغير المحافظة التعليمية لصالح محافظة مسقط. وعليه أوصت الدراسة بضرورة إعادة النظر في مناهج الدراسات الاجتماعية بتضمين التربية الفضائية وموضوعاتها ومفاهيمها وتطبيقاتها وفقأ للمعايير والتوجهات العالمية، كما يقترح الباحثان بإجراء أبحاث ودراسات عن دور مناهج الدراسات الاجتماعية في المراحل الدراسية المختلفة في ضوء متطلبات التربية الفضائية.

This research aims to assess the level of ambition and depression among a sample of Saudi university students (N = 329) and to examine the relationship between ambition and depression. It also aims to explore the differences in the means of ambition and depression according to gender, in addition to examine the possibility of predicting depression through the level of ambition. The descriptive approach was used. The ambition level scale and the depression scale were administered. The results showed a high level of ambition and depression among the participants; there is a negative correlation between ambition and depression; there are no differences in the level of ambition due to gender; females scored higher than males in depression; and depression can be predicted through the level of ambition.

The research aims to investigate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the psychological problems of students at Hashemite University during the academic year 2021–2022. The study used a questionnaire consisting of 60 items and included a random sample of 696 students. The results showed that the level of psychological problems among the students was moderate, with boredom being the highest, followed by loneliness, depression and sadness, eating disorders, obsessive-compulsive disorder, social fears, and finally sleep disorders. No differences in the level of psychological problems were found based on gender or college variables, but differences were found in boredom based on the year of study, with fourth-year students most affected, followed by third-year, then second-year, and finally first-year students, and differences were found based on place of residence in social fears and sleep disorders in favor of village, followed by city, and then camp residents, and family income in loneliness, depression and sadness, boredom, and eating disorders among students in favor of families with income less than (500), followed by (500-1000), and then (1000). The study recommends conducting more research on the psychological problems of university students during the COVID-19 pandemic with different variables in government and private universities.

The current research aims to identify the impact of a proposed strategy according to the model of (Heisig & Verbeck) on the achievement of mathematics and engineering thinking among the fifth grade students in biology. The following two null-hypotheses were formulated:
-There is no statistically significant difference at the level of significance (0.05) between the mean scores of the students of the experimental group who studied according to a proposed strategy according to the model (Heisig & Verbeck) and the students of the control group who studied in the usual way in the academic achievement test.
- There is no statistically significant difference at the level of significance (0.05) between the mean scores of the students of the experimental group who studied according to a proposed strategy according to the model (Heisig & Verbeck) and the students of the control group who studied according to the usual method in the academic achievement test. The research community was determined to represent female students of the fifth scientific or biological class from the first Karkh Education Directorate. The research sample is (57) student was randomly selected, the sample was divided into two groups: an experimental group was studied according to the proposed strategy, the model of (Heisig & Verbeck) and a control group was studied according to the traditional way. Equivalence was conducted between the two research groups in terms of age, level of intelligence, and previous achievement. After that, an achievement test was built; its final form consisted of 50 items of the essay and objective type, and an engineering thinking test, in its final form, consisted of 25 items of the essay and topic type. After the end of the experiment, the research tools were applied, and the results were analyzed using the t-test equation for two independent, unequal samples. The results indicated that the students of the experimental group who studied according to the proposed strategy according to the Heisig & Verbeck model excelled over the students of the control group who studied according to the traditional method.

The research aims to measure the grief response of kindergarten children and to identify the arrangement of the three domains of the grief response scale (threat of safety, loss of support, and emotional attachment) of kindergarten children. To achieve the research objectives, a proportional stratified random selection was made from the research community consisting of preparatory children in the six districts of Baghdad Governorate (Al-Rusafa Al-Karkh), and the main research sample consisted of 377 male and female children. For the purpose of measuring the research variables, a grief response scale was developed, which consisted of 33 items with three domains. The researcher tested two indicators of validity (apparent validity and constructive validity). As for the reliability, it was achieved by the researcher in several ways, as the reliability of the sadness response scale by the re-test method reached (0, 82). It reached (0, 87) by the Keider-Richardson method, and after applying the measures to the sample individuals and analyzing their responses statistically, using the t-test for one sample, the point-periodic correlation coefficient, the Pearson correlation coefficient, the habitual test, the chi-square test, the Cudor Richardson equation, and simple regression, The research showed that preschool children have a grief response. The highest percentage was obtained in the field of (threat to safety) on the sadness response scale.