journal of the college of basic education

The current research aims to identify the inclusion of mental skills in the content of the mathematics book for the first intermediate grade in the Republic of Iraq for the academic year 20212-022.The researcher used the descriptive analytical method in order to fit the objectives of the research, as the research sample consisted of the content of the mathematics book for the first intermediate grade, and the idea unit, which may be explicit or implicit as a unit for recording or repetition as a unit for counting, was adopted.After presenting the list to a number of specialists with expertise and specialization in teaching methods, the list obtained an agreement of more than (93%) of the arbitrators’ opinions. The mathematics book for the first intermediate class was analyzed according to mental skills in two ways: the researcher with himself and the researcher with an external analyst and using the Holsti equation.
The following results were obtained:
The mathematics book for the first intermediate grade obtained (725) recurrences and a percentage (100%) of the mental skills mentioned in the book. Where the main organizing skill got the highest frequency than the rest of the other main skills. The sub-comparison skill was less frequent than the rest of the other sub-skills.I neglected my skill in formulating questions and the skill in identifying main ideas, as I did not get any repetitions mentioned.

The importance of applying Tabata exercises was demonstrated, one of the proposed high-intensity intermittent training (HIIT) methods based on the performance of training intensity that depends on doing intense, rapid and repetitive exercises in a short time and taking quick rest intervals between these exercises, and it has effective effects on the system of motor abilities and the level of movement and The performance of the bourse skill. The researcher has used the experimental method for one experimental group on a sample of (7) players from the Karkh 2 education team. The research sample was chosen by random method. The researcher conducted pre- tests, which are to test the motion abilities and the level of performance of the Tabtaba skill, and then apply the suggested Tabata exercises proposes . For a period of (8) weeks with two units per week and through collecting the results, to the researcher reached the following conclusions: The adoption of TABATA exercises works on developing some of the motion abilities and the skill of plump among junior basketball players, and the researcher recommended the necessity of generalizing this type of exercises.

The studied interior spaces of the museum contribute to the formation of an existing environment that includes all the characteristics of the historical act with all its activities. Therefore, it is necessary to pay attention to the interior design of museums by studying the visual characteristics, means of display and other complements in a way that shows the aesthetic values of the presentation functionally to communicate information to visitors. Design formations in museums and the lack of attention to the details of these formations, such as display units, lighting, colors and decoration formations, leads to the loss of their aesthetic value. Thus, the research problem can be formulated by the following question: What is the role of the design formations on showing the aesthetic values in the design of the interior spaces of museums?
The importance of research lies in supplying the design and art library and enhancing technical skills and capabilities to develop design formations and their reflection in showing the aesthetic values of interior design in museums and studying the spaces and distribution of the limitations and contents of museums, taking into consideration the consistency and harmony with the internal determinants of the internal spaces attached to them (display units, Lighting, furniture). The goal of the research study is to prepare an applied design on the design formations and their reflections on showing the aesthetic values in the interior space of the museums. As for the research limits, it was determined objectively by studying the design formations (in ceilings, floors and walls) and their reflections on showing the values of the aesthetic in the interior space of museums, while its spatial and temporal limits included the interior spaces of the various exhibition halls of museums in Turkey for the period (1984-2004).

.The current research goal is to:
Knowing the cognitive self-regulation skills of the students of the Mathematics Department in the faculties of Basic Education. To achieve this goal, the following questions must be answered:
1) What are the cognitive self-regulation skills of the students of the mathematics department in the faculties of basic education?
2) What is the significance of the statistical difference in the cognitive self-regulation skills of the students of the Mathematics Department in the faculties of Basic Education according to the gender variable (male-female)?
The current research was conducted on students of the Department of Mathematics in the faculties of basic education in Iraqi universities, the morning study, the fourth stage, of both sexes (males and females). The research: a measure of cognitive self-regulation skills consisting of (30) items in its final form, and two indicators of validity were extracted for this measure, namely: (apparent honesty and construction honesty). The reliability coefficient amounted to (0.893), and the half-segmentation method, and the reliability coefficient value was (0.88), and after applying the tool to the research sample, the scale was corrected, the data was sorted and analyzed statistically, and the results were as follows:
1) The members of the current research sample are characterized by a high level of cognitive self-regulation skills.
2) There is no difference between males and females in their possession of cognitive self-regulation skills.
In light of these results, the researcher reached a number of conclusions, recommendations and suggestions.
Recommendations: - Teaching staff in mathematics departments in the faculties of basic education instruct students to use self-regulation skills effectively, in order to achieve success. - Directing educational institutions to benefit from the results of the research, and work to educate students about the importance of cognitive self-regulation skills, by including those skills in the curricula and giving students the freedom to motivate them to organize the processing of information they acquire by themselves as the focus of the educational process.
Suggestions:- Revealing the cognitive self-regulation skills of another sample; Such as students of faculties of education, students of faculties of science, or students of secondary school.
- Building a training program based on cognitive self-regulation skills for student-teachers in the College of Basic Education, and knowing its impact on their students.

Research The current research aims to develop the gestural skills of the students of the Institute of Fine Arts in the subject of innovation and silence. Experimental research tool (observation form) was adopted by its design and found to be honest and reliable. After the application of the program, the appropriate statistical methods were used and concluded that there is a significant impact of the training program in the development of gestural skills, and accordingly recommended its adoption.

The study aimed to identify the impact of the Perkins and Blythe model on developing Arabic calligraphy skills among students of the Institute of Fine Arts, To achieve the goal of the research, the researcher used a one-group experimental design with a pre- and post-test for the Diwani script to fit it on a sample of third-grade students from the Institute of Fine Arts, The research sample consisted of (27) students as an experimental group, cognitive achievement, And the skill test for Diwani calligraphy, The researcher analyzed the data into systematic images for their research using the statistical package for social sciences (spss). The most important results of the search showed the following :
1- The Perkins and Blythe model helped students link new knowledge and skills with previous knowledge and skills, and this is what makes education continuous.
2- Education using the Perkins and Blythe model that allows for discussion between the teacher and the learner, and gives an opportunity for the learners to express their opinions and express the experiences they have, which helps them to form their own experiences and knowledge.
Recommendations:
In light of the results and conclusions reached by the researcher, they recommend a number of recommendations, including:
1- The necessity of following modern models, strategies and methods in teaching, and not relying on the usual methods, because modern models increase the mastery of male and female teachers of teaching skills, as well as they add to the lesson vitality and activity and keep the boredom away from both the teacher and the learner.
2- The necessity of paying attention to the knowledge aspect in teaching Arabic calligraphy, and linking it to the skill aspect, and that this be sequential and sequential in the information that pertains to those skills.
Suggestions:
To complement and develop the current research, the researcher suggested the following:
1- Conducting a balancing study between the Perkins and Blythe model, and other models, to identify their preference in teaching Arabic calligraphy skills.
2- The effectiveness of the Perkins and Blythe model in artistic anatomy.
Keywords: Model (Perkins and Blythe) - skill development - Arabic calligraphy.

The research aims identify extent to which teachers of the mathematical of departments in the colleges of basic education possess university teaching skills. The researcher prepared a questionnaire for university teaching skills, we have produced questionnaire of the validity and the reliability, The questionnaire becomes final form is composed of (56) items divided in to(4)fields : (planning for teaching courses skill, implementing teaching skill, evaluating students’ learning and providing feedback skill, communication and communication between Students skill), and Then the questionnaire was applied on the research sample consists of(43) teachers from the departments of mathematics in the of basic education colleges from Al-Mustansiriya University, Maysan University and Diyala University. ) To achieve the aim of the research, use the following: statistical means, standard deviations, Independent-samples (t-test), Research results showed to:-
1- There are (62) skills The Mathematics Department teacher possesses from university teaching skills.
2-There are statistically significant differences at the level of significance (0.05) in the mean the estimation of the mathematics of department teachers in the degree of their possession of teaching skills due to the variable scientific qualification.
3-There are no statistically significant differences at the level of significance (0.05) in the mean estimation of the mathematics of department teachers in the degree of their possession of teaching skills due to the variables of years of experience and the college from which they graduated.
In the light of the results of the research, the researcher presented some recommendations and suggestions for the purpose of doing research and subsequent studies.

The aim of the current research is to identify (statistical thinking skills included in mathematics textbooks for the primary stage for the academic year 2021-2022 AD). Mathematics books for the primary stage, which are (6) mathematics books (student’s book only) for the academic year (2021-2022 AD), and the idea unit (explicit, implicit) was adopted as a recording unit, and repetitions as a counting unit, and to achieve the goal of the research, the researcher built an initial list of thinking skills The statistical validity of the tool was confirmed by presenting it to the arbitrators, and the final list included (40) indicators and (26) sub-skills distributed on (4) major skills of statistical thinking. Statistical thinking), the validity of the analysis was confirmed, and the stability of the analysis by the two methods over time (the researcher with herself after a certain period of time) And through the others (the researcher with other analysts), and calculating the percentage of agreement using the Holsti equation. , but in varying proportions, and in an unbalanced manner, and recommendations were made, including: (observing balance when including statistical thinking skills in the content of mathematics books decided at the primary stage, in proportion to the scientific level of the subject, and taking into account the various studies and the diversity proposals) Preparatory school mathematics according to statistical thinking skills and the extent to which students have acquired them, conducting descriptive studies to determine the extent to which learners possess statistical thinking skills and for different educational stages.

In order to develop the educational process cognitively and skillfully and in order to elevate the learner, who is the focus of the educational process, it was necessary to exploit and develop all the techniques and means created by the products of the technological revolution, and in order to refine the energies and creations of man in various areas of life, especially the creative and artistic field. Building educational units in developing skills using Airbrush technology by refining and familiarizing students with the mechanism of using this technology in mural painting in order to train a generation capable of creating artistic creativity in different and new ways of formation.
This research came under the title (building educational units in the subject of mural painting to develop students' skills using Airbrush technique among students of the Institute of Fine Arts)
The current research aims to:- 1- Building educational units in the subject of mural painting to develop the skills of the students of the Institute of Fine Arts using the Airbrush technique.
2- Recognizing the effect of educational units using the Airbrush technique on knowledge and skill achievement in the subject of murals.
In order to achieve the second goal, the researcher put the following hypotheses:
 The first null hypothesis (there are no statistically significant differences at the significance level (0.05) between the average ranks of the experimental group students' scores in the cognitive achievement test, before and after).
 The second null hypothesis (there are no statistically significant differences at the significance level (0.05) between the average scores of the experimental group students in the pre and post skill performance test).
In order to achieve the two hypotheses of the research, the researcher used the one-sample complete experimental design with the pre and post test to achieve the two objectives of the research and its hypotheses.
The research community included students of the third stage / Department of Fine Arts / Drawing / Institute of Fine Arts / Boys / Diyala / second semester / for the academic year 2021-2022
The researcher deliberately chose the sample consisting of (15) students as an experimental group for his research.
After the construction of the educational units was completed and presented to the experts, and modifications were made to them, they were applied to the experimental sample. The information was collected and processed statistically by using the SPSS program. The results obtained were extracted, collected and discussed. Through the results, the researcher reached the following conclusions: -
1- The components of the educational units in the subject of mural painting contributed to the students' (experimental) awareness of the topics that were taught according to the educational content, making it a purposeful, self-directed and collective process.
2- The content of the educational units is distinguished by simplifying the learning process according to the information and concepts contained in the art of mural painting, which contributes to raising the aesthetic taste and artistic culture of the learner and the possibility of employing it in his artistic productions.

The importance of the research lies in relying on scientific foundations in finding standard degrees and levels in terms of the muscular physical pattern of some offensive skills for young basketball players. For players and at the level of some offensive skills of young basketball players, as well as finding the grades and standard levels of offensive skills in terms of the muscular physical pattern of young basketball players.
The researcher used the descriptive approach in the survey method to suit the nature of the research problem. As for the research community, it included the Iraqi youth club players participating in the 2021-2022 season, and their number is 128 players. The researcher found the physical patterns that the research community divided into (muscular pattern - pattern). The skinny - and the obese style) and then the offensive skills were determined, as they were represented by (chest handling - dribbling by changing direction ¬_ peaceful shooting - jumping shooting) and their tests and application on the research sample of 43 players who represent the muscular style, The T-standard grades were determined and standard levels were set for tests of some offensive skills for young basketball players.

This chapter contains the introduction to the research and its importance. The administrative process and the advancement of administrative work in government institutions are discussed, thus considering that good management is the focus of every positive development within the institutions, in particular the faculties of physical education and sports sciences, and thus this development is reflected positively on the level of development of the country in all The fields as a result of this development and thus the management process is not like any other field and therefore it is an invisible force because it is intangible, but it can be proven by the results of its many efforts. Administrative efficiency, which facilitates the selection of the administrative leaders of the deanships of the faculties of physical education and sports sciences. The problem of the research lies in the absence of a measure of administrative efficiency for the deans of the faculties of physical education. As for the objectives of the research, it is to build and measure a measure of administrative efficiency and to identify the level of administrative efficiency and to identify the difference in efficiency. Administrative deans of faculties according to gender, and represent the current research community with members of the governing bodies Teaching for the faculties of physical education and sports sciences in Iraqi government universities, based on the data of the Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research / Statistics Department in Iraq for the year (2021), and their number is (1319) studying in (19) colleges, (1029) males and (290) females As for the sample of the current research, with a percentage of (45%) and in a proportional random stratified method, and from all faculties of physical education and sports sciences in Iraq, where the research sample reached (600) faculty members from the faculties of physical education and sports sciences, statistical methods were used to reach the results, which from The most important of which is the presence of a real difference between the arithmetic average for the field of administrative competence (personal, social, scientific and professional) for the dean, as well as the absence of a real (moral) difference in the level of competence of the dean as seen by the professors according to the gender of the professor (male, female), and the most important recommendations work to reconsider Assigning the position of dean of the college in accordance with the administrative efficiency and working on preparing administrative training programs for those who want to occupy the position of dean of the college from members of the faculty, holding seminars and lectures, holding conferences and scientific seminars on the rules and regulations of the university Administrative in the college.

The research aims to prepare rehabilitation exercises to rehabilitate the muscles working on the shoulder joint after suffering from partial dislocation The degree and type of injury was determined , then the sample was chosen in an intentional way The researchers prepared a flexibility test on the research sample One of the most important results he reached using the statistical bag (Tetest). There are statistically significant differences between the pre- and post-measurement in flexibility on the muscles working on the shoulder joint in favor of dimensional measurement

This study aimed to know the effect of the project's learning strategy on the achievement of students of the Department of Art Education in the subject of interior design. In order to achieve the goal of the research, the researcher used the experimental method on a sample of students from stage third from the Art Education Department, and the research sample consisted of (60) students who were divided into the experimental and control groups equally. The researcher used a cognitive achievement test (pre and post) and a skill test. In order to reach the results of the research, the researcher used a set of (statistical methods, including: the t-test for two independent samples, and this test was used for equivalence in the research variables (chronological age - gender - previous experience) between the members of the experimental and control groups. Paragraph difficulty equation: This equation was used to identify the degree of difficulty of the achievement test paragraphs Paragraph discrimination equation This equation was used to find discrimination for the achievement test paragraphs Effectiveness of alternatives: It was used to calculate the effectiveness of incorrect (wrong) alternatives for the achievement test paragraphs Cooper's equation was adopted to calculate the percentage of agreement between the referees, and Keodor Richardson equation / 20 was adopted to calculate the stability coefficient of the items of the cognitive test.





The most important results of the search showed:
The experimental group that studied the interior design subject according to the project’s learning strategy outperformed the control group that studied in the usual way with the cognitive and skill test.
Based on the results of the study, the researcher recommended several recommendations, including:
1- Applying the project’s learning strategy in teaching students of other relevant educational institutions (faculties of fine arts and institutes of fine arts) after it has proven to be more effective in education than the usual method, with the aim of helping them fulfill the requirements of the subject of interior design.
To complement the current research, the researcher suggested a number of proposals, including:
1- The impact of the project’s learning strategy on developing the skills of students of the Institute of Fine Arts in sculpture.

The current research aims to build an educational program to develop the skills of preparing theatrical texts based on folk tales for students of the Institute of Fine Arts in school theater, and then measure the size of the effect in developing the skills of preparing texts. The experimental approach and the experimental design with the experimental group and the control group, with the application of a pre and post test, where the research sample consisted of (30) male and female students from the theater department at the Institute of Fine Arts, second stage / Karkh
The researcher has prepared two tools for the current research:
First: a cognitive test consisting of two questions
Second: a skill test (note form)
Among the most important results that resulted from
1. The impact size of the program.
2. The effect size of the program in the post- skill performance test was (0,21), and therefore the effect size is considered to have a high impact for the experimental group.
Direct inquiry: 1. Determine the exact path.
2. The clear increase in the number of theatrical texts for the same experimental group gives a clear indication of the effectiveness of the educational program.
Effective: -1. The inclusion of topics and special parameters previous texts of the authority and the School of Fine Arts, the school theater course
2. The possibility of benefiting from the educational program prepared to develop the skills of preparing theatrical texts for students in teaching some practical skills in general
An educational program to develop the skills of preparing theater scenarios based on folk tales for students of the Institute of Fine Arts in school theater

The current research dealt with the study of the traits of talented students in the Department of Art Education according to the age variable through expressive and aesthetic artwork, as the traits of gifted students according to the gender variable is what we are looking for in the drawings of talented students in an effort to clarify those features that characterize the talented students in the Department of Art Education. The researchers used the descriptive approach to define the concept of gifted in the field of art education, and this was done after reviewing a large group of definitions that differed according to the different factors associated with them, then the researcher classified these definitions based on the factors associated with them into: talent, intelligence, creativity, acumen, excellence Genius, excellence, foresight. Thus, the descriptive research method was adopted, as it is the most appropriate method to achieve the goal of the research. The research included a community of (400) students, and a random sample of (200) students was selected. The research tool was designed based on the indicators of the theoretical framework and previous studies. He extracted honesty and consistency and concluded the chapter with the most important results, conclusions, recommendations and suggestions.

The current research aims know the percentage of future thinking skills in the content of the sixth grade mathematics book for the academic year (2021-2022), the researcher used the descriptive analytical approach method, and the research sample consisted of a sixth-grade mathematics book approved in the academic year (2021-2022), A content analysis tool was prepared for this purpose according to future thinking skills, and its validity was verified by presenting it to a number of experts, The idea unit (explicit and implicit), and (Holisti) adaptive reasoning and using frequency and percentages, and the research concluded that future thinking skills were all available at low rates, Visualization skill (29.65%), problem solving skill (24.02%), prediction skill (23.45%), representation skill (22.88%), respectively, In light of this, a number of recommendations were presented, including reconsidering the planning and writing of mathematics books in order to be compatible with modern trends that call for the development of education in a way that develops future thinking skills for all learners and at various levels of study, It was suggested to conduct a comparative study of the future thinking skills available in the content of mathematics books for the secondary stage in Iraq and other countries.

The aim of the research is to know (the effect of the SCAMPER strategy on the achievement of fifth-grade students in science), and to verify the goal of the research, the following null hypothesis was formulated:
- There is no statistically significant difference at the significance level (0.05)between the average scores of the students who studied according to the SCAMPER strategy and the average scores of the students who studied according to the usual method in the achievement test.
The researcher adopted the experimental design with partial control, which includes two groups, one of them is an experimental one taught according to the SCAMPER strategy, and the other is a control one that is taught according to the usual method. The researcher chose Al-Shumukh Elementary School for Girls from among the basic and primary schools affiliated to the Baghdad Education Directorate / Al-Rusafa Secondary School to represent the research sample,, where the total number of female students in the school was (150) students divided into four divisions (A, B, C, D) respectively (39, 37, 38, 36). Division (C) was chosen by random assignment to represent the experimental group and Division (D) to represent the control group of (74) female students. After statistically repetitive students were excluded from the experiment data because they had previous cognitive experience in the topics that will be studied during the experiment period, the final number of the sample became (60) students, with (30) female students for the experimental group and (30) A student of the control group.
The two groups were rewarded in the variables: (chronological age of the students, calculated in months, intelligence test, prior knowledge, parents’ academic achievement, decision making) and the experiment was conducted in the first semester of the academic year (2021-2022).
The researcher used the statistical program (SPSS), including (t-test for two independent samples, chi-square test - Kewder-Richardson equation 20 - Correlation coefficient Point Pacerial, coefficient of discrimination of objective paragraphs).In light of this, the results revealed that there were statistically significant differences in favor of the experimental group in the achievement test for science with a significant effect.

The current research aimed to identify the effect of the Venn scheme strategy in developing coordination thinking among female students of the Institute of Fine Arts in the history of contemporary art, for female students of the fifth stage / Department of Fine Arts / Institute of Fine Arts for Girls / for the academic year (2021-2022). The design of the two groups (experimental control) and the two pre and posttests to achieve the goal of the research.
The research sample was chosen from the female students of the fifth stage / Department of Fine Arts / for the morning study for the academic year (2021-2022), where the sample was randomly distributed into two groups, the first is an experimental group consisting of (20) female students studied using the Vinvenn scheme strategy, and the second is a control group consisting of (20) female students I studied in the traditional way.
The researcher prepared a scale of coordination thinking consisting of (28) items with a five scale (1-5).
The study found the effectiveness of using the venn scheme strategy in raising the level of achievement of female students of the Department of Fine Arts in the subject of contemporary art history.

The first chapter includes the research problem and the need for it, determining the importance of the research and the beneficiaries of it, and defining the goal of the research, which is determined in revealing: The educational functions of psychodrama in school theater performances. The researcher also identified the basic terms covered by the research As for the second chapter, it was devoted to the theoretical framework of the research and the previous studies in it, as it included two topics, the first dealt with the psychedelic elements and its importance, while the second topic: the school theater, its importance and the educational functions of psychodrama in the school theatre. Determining some of the indicators that resulted from the theoretical framework and previous studies ,As for the third chapter, the researcher determined the research methodology and procedures and determined the research community, which includes (3) theatrical performances.To measure the goal of the research, the researcher discussed and described the scenes of a psychodrama tic character in each of the research samples, to reveal the achievement of the goals that were set for them, to reach the results, and by presenting the results, the researcher reached the most important conclusions and then the recommendations and suggestions made by the researcher.

The current research aims to identify the acquisition of mathematical concepts by elementary school boys' students. The descriptive survey method was adopted for the research. The research sample consisted of (300) male students of the sixth grade of primary school, For the General Directorates of Education in Baghdad / Rusafa (the first, the second, the third) and Karkh (the first, the second, and the third), They were randomly selected for the second semester of the year (2021 - 2022)A.D . And then preparing the research tool, which is : Test the acquisition of mathematical concepts at three levels for each concept (defining the concept, distinguishing the concept, applying the concept), It consists of (78) topical paragraphs (multiple choice) with (26) main concepts, and each concept has three paragraphs for levels of concept acquisition. Using the alpha-Cronbach equation, it was found that the value of the reliability coefficient of the test was (0.863). The results showed a low percentage of acquiring mathematical concepts for boys in the primary stage in general, Where the percentage of boys acquiring total concepts reached (10.41%), which is equivalent to (31) students who acquired mathematical concepts, The percentage of students of the General Directorate of Rusafa Education for boys acquiring holistic concepts was (9.77%), which is equivalent to (3) students who acquired mathematical concepts, The percentage of students of the General Directorate of Rusafa Education for boys acquiring holistic concepts reached (12.54%), which is equivalent to (3) students who acquired mathematical concepts, The percentage of students of the General Directorate of Education of Rusafa acquiring the third of the overall concepts was (10%), which is equivalent to (3) students who acquired mathematical concepts. The percentage of acquiring holistic concepts by the General Directorate of Karkh Education for Boys’ students is (14.15%), which is equivalent to (7) students who have acquired mathematical concepts. While the percentage of students of the General Directorate of Education in both Al-Karkh Second and the Third Karkh acquiring total concepts was equal, as it reached (8%), which is equivalent to (4) students in each of the two directorates who acquired mathematical concepts. Several recommendations were reached, the most important of which is the diversity of teaching methods and methods used in the presentation of educational content that develop the desires of boys' students and lead to attracting their attention and increasing their interaction, participation and motivation towards learning and their acquisition of mathematics.

The rapid change in all areas of life is the distinguishing feature of the current era, as the circumstances of the era require the search for new ways and various ways to open the way for our students to acquire the knowledge and skills necessary to keep abreast of developments and developments. Educational scientists in understanding the role of natural sciences in the use of scientific techniques in education as new educational means, as it made education enter the field of modern sciences and prepare educational and training programs that suit the actual needs of each category of society. With technological progress, the importance of using new methods and methods in education has increased.Thus, the problem of the current research focuses on the lack of use of important topics in the artistic life of the learners, where the subject of Arabic calligraphy - Diwani calligraphy, as it is one of the basic materials that enter into building and consolidating the artistic work as it provides the learner with technical skills and experiences with a historical heritage and linking it to development. Therefore, teaching this subject is still captive to the use of traditional teaching methods that emphasize the formal aspects without involving learners and their interaction in educational situations. It also depends on traditional assessment methods that cannot achieve the learner's goals. In addition to using old technical means that do not arouse the desires of learners and increase their effectiveness towards achieving mastery of performance with a high level of technical skills for the technical subject (Arabic calligraphy - Diwani). In order to verify the research problem, the researcher conducted a questionnaire for the students of the Institute of Fine Arts, and the results of the survey showed the presence of several weaknesses and shortcomings in performance, and accordingly, the axes that needed to be addressed were diagnosed by searching for modern methods for teaching Arabic calligraphy and preparing training plans for the rules of writing (Diwani script) according to The training and practice strategy adopts the principle of simplifying the study material, and the learner feels that the process of learning the Diwani script is a very simple, uncomplicated and not difficult process. The search was aimed
1. Building a training program based on training and practice strategy to acquire Diwani calligraphy skills for female students of the Institute of Fine Arts.
2. Knowing the effectiveness of a training program based on training and practice strategy in developing Diwani calligraphy skills for female students of the Institute of Fine Arts in its knowledge and skill dimensions by applying it to a sample of students of the Institute of Fine Arts.
In order to achieve the research objectives, the researcher put (4) null hypotheses (2) before and (2) after.
The researcher used the experimental method, as he chose the experimental design with two equal and independent groups (experimental and control) with two tests, the pre and posttests, to achieve the objectives and hypotheses of the research. 25 female students for the academic year ( 2021-2022 AD) and (5) of them were excluded for not complying with attendance, and thus the number became (20) students, and they were randomly distributed to be two groups, the first experimental consisting of (10) students who studied in the training program, and the second consisting of ( 10) Female students studied the subject in the usual way.
The statistical treatments used by the researcher were:
1- The Mann Whitney test for two independent samples.
2- Wilcoxon test.
3- Equation of difficulty and discrimination coefficient.
4- (Holstey) equation of apparent honesty.
The results of the research were that there was a significant difference at the level (0.05) between the mean scores of the students of the two experimental groups who studied the material in the training program and the control group who studied the material in the usual way in the post-test (cognitive and skill) and for the benefit of the experimental group. This development is attributed to the effectiveness of the training program.
The researcher made several recommendations, including:
1. Approval of the training program (the effectiveness of a training program based on the strategy of training and practice in developing Diwani calligraphy skills among female students of the Institute of Fine Arts) for its effectiveness in providing the students with the information and skills needed to develop Diwani calligraphy skills.
2. The possibility of benefiting from the training program in the institutions and institutes that study this subject or its equivalent.
The researcher suggested conducting several studies, including:
1. Building a training program in developing the cognitive, skill and behavioral aspects in Al-Jali Diwani script.
2. Building an educational portfolio in mastering the skills of Diwani calligraphy among students of the Calligraphy and Decoration Department at the College of Fine Arts.
Diwani calligraphy and its use in implementing contemporary plastic works among students of the Department of Art Education, College of Basic Education.
The researcher suggested conducting several studies, including:
1. Building a training program in developing the cognitive, skill and behavioral aspects in Al-Jali Diwani script.
2. Building an educational portfolio in mastering the skills of Diwani calligraphy among students of the Calligraphy and Decoration Department at the College of Fine Arts.
Diwani calligraphy and its use in implementing contemporary plastic works among students of the Department of Art Education, College of Basic Education.

Pedagogy means the methods, principles and methods of education, and the set of works that the teacher uses in the context of his job to transfer knowledge and education to his students within a school context. (Hill et al, 2008.23)
As for pedagogical content knowledge (P.C.K), it is a mixture of both content and pedagogical knowledge, which corresponds to the subjective experience of the teacher to be able to expand his understanding about how to teach a specific subject by adapting to the needs and abilities of learners, and it is represented in the teaching strategies and methods used in teaching specific curricular content within an educational context Specific directed to achieve specific educational goals and values. (Shulman, 1986: 15)
Mathematical literacy refers to the necessary amount of mathematical knowledge of concepts, principles, skills and processes related to mathematics, and the ability to use mathematical thinking methods to solve problems, in addition to knowledge of the historical development of mathematics and the contributions of Arab and Muslim scholars in this development. (Badr, 2010: 204)
The current research aims to determine the pedagogical content knowledge (P.C.K) of mathematics instructors in the second intermediate grade
To accomplish this aim, the following null hypotheses were formulated:
1. There is no statistically significant difference at the level (0.05) between the mean scores of mathematics teachers and the hypothetical mean to test their mathematical knowledge.
2. There is no statistically significant difference at the level (0.05) between the mean scores of mathematics teachers and the hypothetical mean of their general pedagogical knowledge scale.
3. There is no statistically significant difference at the level (0.05) between the mean scores of mathematics teachers and the hypothetical average for each dimension of pedagogical knowledge of the content (P.C.K) they have.
The researcher adopted the descriptive approach, and the research sample was chosen randomly from the research community, which consisted of (74) teachers and mathematics schools for the second intermediate grade,
and to achieve the goal of the research the following tools were prepared:
1. A test knowledge of the mathematical content of the second intermediate grade mathematics teachers, which consists of (22) paragraphs of the multiple-choice type with four alternatives.
2. A scale of general pedagogical knowledge for mathematics teachers of the second intermediate grade, which consists of (57) paragraphs.
Using the following statistical methods: (t-test for one sample, and Pearson correlation coefficient), the results of the current research showed the following:
- The middle school mathematics teachers possess a good level of pedagogical knowledge (P.C.K).
In light of the research results, the researcher made some recommendations, including:
- Organizing in-service training courses for mathematics teachers, which may help them, improve their pedagogical content knowledge (P.C.K).
As put forward some suggestions, including:
- Studying the effect of a proposed program in improving the dimensions of pedagogical knowledge of content (P.C.K) among students-teachers in the faculties of education and basic education.

The current research
aims to identify the design thinking skills of students of the Department of Mathematics in the Colleges of Basic Education.
In order to achieve the goal of the research, the following questions was put:
1) What is the level of design thinking skills among students of the mathematics department (fourth stage / morning) in the faculties of basic education?
2) What is the significance of the statistical difference at the significance level (0.05) between the average scores of students of faculties of basic education (fourth stage) departments of mathematics in the design thinking skills test according to the gender variable?
The research sample consisted of (309) male and female students from the mathematics departments / fourth stage in the faculties of basic education, for the first semester of the academic year (2021-2022 AD). The design thinking skills test consisted of (10) essay problems (each problem included five sub-paragraphs of design thinking skills), and the results showed the following:
1) Weak level of design thinking skills among students of faculties of basic education in the departments of mathematics / fourth stage
2) There is a statistically significant difference in design thinking skills between males and females in the faculties of (Basic Education) Departments of Mathematics / Fourth Stage and in favor of females.
In light of the results of this research, some recommendations that may contribute to improving the level of design thinking among students can be presented, which are:
A) Reconsidering the formulation of curricula in faculties of education in line with the requirements to raise the level of design thinking skills among students of mathematics departments in a manner that takes into account individual differences in terms of the logical arrangement and sequence of information.
b) Enriching the mathematical curriculum in colleges with various activities that motivate students to think in a design way.
Also, some suggestions can be made
A) Conducting studies similar to this research dealing with students of the four stages in the departments of mathematics in other universities.
b) Examining the relationship between design thinking skills and achievement among university students in the faculties of basic education.

The art of design is one of the first arts that expressed the human need, as it is a dialogue between the designer and the consumer, as it requires awareness and creative and artistic capabilities that influence the design work. Fabrics have a wide space in this world, which made the interest in these designs increase day by day in line with the consumer’s desire. The method, material, and display technique that is relied upon to show the final product of the upholstery fabric design, and accordingly the researcher created a justification to study the current research topic tagged with pictorial formations and the possibility of employing them in the designs of upholstery fabrics, where the research included three chapters. for graphic formations in upholstery fabric designs)? In order to shed light on the graphic formations in the design of upholstery fabrics and to enhance the cognitive frameworks in the design of fabrics, and thus the research objectives came: 1- To reveal the graphic formations in the designs of printed upholstery fabrics. The study by employing pictorial formations in the designs of printed upholstery fabrics used in home furniture - sofas, available in the local markets of the city of Baghdad with origin (Turkish_Chinese) from the year 2021-2022 or the second chapter included the theoretical framework, which included first: The concept of the image in the design and includes 1- The role of pictorial composition in the design of fabrics 2- The function and its role in the designs of upholstery fabrics.. Second: Characteristics and specifications of upholstery fabrics and third: printing techniques for designs of upholstery fabrics. Then the most important indicators that resulted from the theoretical framework were extracted. As for the third chapter, it dealt with the research procedures, which included the research methodology, the analytical description, and the research community (30) design models after excluding repeated and unclear models. (3) A design model, and it also included the presentation of the research results, which are: 1- The image has an important role in that it organizes the collection of parts of images included in the design construction and contributes to the creation of the general form in which aesthetic and functional values of the design work appear. The design and the use of the image as a formal unit, that is, the unity was achieved based on the image for the structure of the multiple elements in the design form, as the diversity appeared in the formal containment. As for the conclusions, they included
1- The designs of the upholstery fabrics depended on the mixed industrial material (polyester and cotton) due to its quality, softness and comfort during use, as well as its features and characteristics in showing the aesthetic aspects.
2- The models showed the effectiveness of the visual units depicted through the representation of the graphic scene of the formal composition in the designs of fabrics and its technical and visual design diversity. Through the recommendations, the researcher stressed the need to pay attention to modern printing techniques that interact with the design units to produce them in their integrated form for the designs of upholstery fabrics. And then submit a design proposal, a list of sources and a summary of the research in English.

The aim of the research is to prepare educational units with the Posner model using various kinetic exercises in learning and implementing the skills of soccer scoring and dribbling. The researcher used the experimental method for its suitability with the nature of the problem and the objectives of the research, as the experimental method is one of the best scientific research methods to solve problems. 20 students from class A were chosen to represent the control group and 20 students from class B to represent the experimental group.One of the most important conclusions of the research is that the use of the Posner model encouraged students to contribute to creativity and self-correct their information in proportion to their experiences, skills and personal talents that Posner model has a positive effect on the units Learning using a variety of motor exercises and learning the skills of soccer scoring and dribbling, and through the results of all skill tests, the students’ learning levels improved better and their cognitive abilities increased for the skills under study. Traditional ways that bring boredom

At the beginning of the research and its importance, the two researchers touched on the interest in training goalkeepers in football for the halls, by introducing aids in the training process that contribute to preparing them within exercises according to the visual thinking network in improving self-confidence.
As for the problem of the research, the researchers found by looking at the exercises in the football education teams for the halls and by noting a discrepancy in the level of skill performance of goalkeepers, which is attributed to poor self-confidence due to the lack of attention to the psychological aspect as well as the lack of use of the necessary tools allocated in the training units, which are It increases the motivation of goalkeepers to continue and perform with more motivation, as well as the development of the most important aspect is visual thinking, the most important of which is (symbols, images, .......) and thus these tools serve goalkeepers with the psychological aspect, thinking and performance in general. The study aimed to know the effect of exercises on self-confidence. Knowing the effect of exercises on some goalkeepers' skills in futsal football. As for the research hypotheses, there are statistically significant differences between the results of the tribal tests and the results of the post tests for self-confidence in favor of the post tests for the sample under study.
The researchers also touched on several researches related to training aids to learn about the basic skills and qualities needed by the goalkeeper. Some models of previous studies and similar to the research were presented to take advantage of them
The researchers used the experimental method by designing a single group with a pre- and post-test to suit the nature of the study, as the research community was determined by goalkeepers, the second Baghdad educator, Karkh, and the research sample was chosen by the deliberate method, which numbered (6), where the exploratory experiment was conducted on (2) goalkeepers. They are from the research sample, then the researcher used the tribal tests for the research sample and then applied the special exercises using the means and tools prepared by the researchers, where he applied them in the main part of the training units

A number of conclusions were reached, including:
-The researchers' use of the self-confidence scale positively affected the development of self-confidence and goalkeepers in futsal football.
-The two researchers used special exercises within the visual thinking networks that I used in the main experiment to have a positive effect on the skill performance of short hand handling and short foot handling for the skills of goalkeepers in futsal football for players, as the results showed a clear superiority of the experimental group in the post tests over the tribal tests.
In light of the conclusions reached by the researcher recommends the following: Working to benefit from the results of the current study by using special exercises (visual thinking networks) in training and giving them great importance during the training units during the special preparation period.
For futsal goalkeepers, because of their importance in developing the intellectual side and perceptions of futsal goalkeepers.
2 -Attention to diversify the means and tools used in the training unit together and work to make them consistent with the requirements of goalkeepers in football for the halls.

The research aims to identify the effectiveness of using a hospital program in recovering from muscle pain resulting from the use of force characterized by speed and measuring the pulse rate of young players in football. Of the young players in Al-Shula Sports Club for the sports season 2020/2021, which number (5) players in addition to (5) players from outside the basic research sample to conduct the exploratory experiment for research, the researcher conducted a survey study on a sample of the study community and outside the basic sample consisting of ( 5) Young football players under the same conditions as the basic research experiment in order to identify its suitability for application to the study sample and the objective of the study. One of the most important results was the use of cold baths as a healing method that leads to positive physical and physiological changes, and the study recommended the need to use a recovery program after training or the competitions have a positive effect on the speed of recovery.

The aim of the research is to prepare special planning exercises for playing situations in raising the cognitive efficiency index for some technical skills of volleyball players aged (16-18 years). The researchers used the experimental method for the two equal groups (hermetic control) with a pre and posttest for its relevance to the nature of the research. The research community represents a group of (12) players affiliated with the Al-Daghara Sports Club. As for the control group, it was the group of Al-Rumaitha club players, which numbered (12) players and were of the same age as the experimental group. The researchers prepared planning exercises for playing situations according to a program that was applied for a period of (10) weeks And by three training units per week, after implementing the training program and conducting the pre and posttests that were used for the first time at the country level. The researchers reached several conclusions, the most important of which is that the tactical exercises similar to the playing positions had an effect in raising the cognitive efficiency index for some technical skills. It is clear in these two skills, and the experimental group was distinguished in the post-tests, which are among the most important tests that work with nanotechnology and artificial intelligence. Using the (mindwave nerusky) device in the analysis of peripheral cognitive efficiency, which works within the levels set by the International Volleyball Federation.

This research is concerned with studying the aesthetics of reading and receiving in contemporary ceramics, and how the artist was able to convert them into means and tools that have an aesthetic and expressive value, and how he presented its surfaces, forms and display space. What are the aesthetics of reading and receiving in contemporary ceramics? The researcher determined the importance of research in the relationship between the aesthetics of reading and reception in the structure of ceramic work and the effectiveness of the impact and influence of that on the ceramic achievement, as well as revealing what is new in the world of ceramics from various ideas and methods. And the second chapter, which consisted of two sections as follows: In the first topic: reading and receiving in the concept. In the second topic: the aesthetics of reception in contemporary Iraqi ceramics. As for the third chapter, the researcher analyzed the works of some Iraqi potters according to the descriptive analytical method. As for the research community, the researcher reviewed what was available to him of the artworks that belong to the contemporary Iraqi ceramics. In the research community, the research community was identified with (75) images completed within the temporal limits of the research (2005-2019). And the research sample, the researcher chose the research sample, as the number of its models reached (3) in an intentional way. Then the research method, where the researcher followed the descriptive analytical method in analyzing the samples of the research sample. In the fourth chapter, he reached the results, including:
1. The individuality of the work of the contemporary Iraqi potter is what makes it within the circle of modernity, who has taken his paths of experimentation with ceramic formations to reach a modernist feature that emphasizes the technical structural aspect.
2. The artistic form of the contemporary ceramic piece contributes to a dialogue synthesis of the same form and the artist's style through the subject, the idea and the function.

The current research aims to (evaluating the content of mathematics textbooks for the fourth grade of primary school according to the (4MAT) model for learning styles) to achieve this goal, the researcher asked the following questions:
The first question: What are the criteria for learning styles according to the 4MAT model that should be available in the content of mathematics books for the primary stage?
The second question: What is the availability of the criteria of the (4MAT) model for learning styles in the content of the mathematics textbook for the fourth grade of primary school?
To verify the goal of the research, the researcher followed the descriptive analytical approach, as the sample of the research was from the content of the mathematics textbook for the fourth grade of primary school by the Iraqi Ministry of Education for the academic year (2021-2022 AD), where the researcher relied on the research tool represented by a list of criteria of the model (4MAT) for learning styles according to McCarthy, 1990)) for the purpose of using it in analyzing the content of the mathematics textbook for the fourth grade of primary school, and verifying its veracity after presenting it to a group of specialized arbitrators, as it obtained a percentage of agreement (87%). After using the search tool to analyze the content of the mathematics textbook for the fourth grade of primary school, the content analysis card was formed according to the criteria of the (4MAT) model for learning styles in its final form, of four patterns: (imaginary and includes one main criterion and (13) indicators, and analytical and includes a criterion One main criterion and (10) indicators, logical, which includes one main criterion and (16) indicators, and dynamic, which includes one main criterion and (12) indicators.
The mathematics textbook for the fourth grade of primary school was analyzed according to these criteria, and a sample of the analysis sample was presented to a number of specialized arbitrators and they agreed on the validity of the analysis process. The use of other analysts and obtained a percentage of agreement between analysts (0.92) using the Holsti equation.
The results of the research revealed that: The analytical pattern came in the first place with a percentage of (33.27%), while in the second place was the logical pattern by (26.00%), and the imaginary pattern came in the third place with a percentage of (23.17%), and the dynamic pattern came in the last place with a percentage of (17.56). ) in the content of the mathematics textbook for the fourth grade of primary school, and when comparing the four learning styles to the spoken ratio agreed upon by the arbitrators and specialists, all of them came to a weak assessment level.
Based on the research results, a number of recommendations and suggestions were presented.
The most important recommendations:
1. Inviting specialists and those concerned with preparing school curricula for mathematics in the Ministry of Education to benefit from the results of this research in developing the content of mathematics books for the primary stage, and the need to include the criteria of the (4MAT) model for learning styles in the content of primary school books.
The most important suggestions:
1. Conducting other analytical and evaluating studies for mathematics books according to the criteria of the (4MAT) model for learning styles for the different academic stages.