Al-Nahrain Journal of Science

The aim of this study was to evaluate some serum biochemical indices in patients with gestational diabetes. Among the study's participants were 100 expectant mothers ranging in age from 24 to 35 who had been diagnosed with diabetes at a maternity hospital or pregnancy center in Baghdad city. According to their previous menstrual cycle or an ultrasound, these ladies were between 28 and 33 weeks pregnant. There were two categories of pregnant women: Twenty pregnant women in good health comprised (control group). Eighty GDM-pregnant women were enrolled. The current results showed a significant increase in levels of glucose, cholesterol, triglyceride, ALT, bilirubin, uric acid, and creatinine in the GDM group as compared with control patients, also a significant decrease in the levels of Albumin, HDL in GDM group as compared with control group. There were no significant differences in the levels of urea and AST in both GDM and control groups. In conclusion, there was a significant increase in levels of glucose, cholesterol, triglyceride, ALT, bilirubin, uric acid, and creatinine in the GDM group.

Some new triethylammonium salts, namely triethylammonium 4-(cyclohexyl-amino)-4-oxobut-2-enoate(B1), triethylammonium 5-(cyclohexylamino)-5-oxopentanoate (B2), triethylammonium 4-(cyclohexylamino)-4-oxobutanoate (B3) were synthesized as a corrosion inhibitor for mild steel. These salts could test in one molarity sulfuric acid at room temperature for 24 hours by using weight of losing method. The results revealed that the efficiency of inhibition of all triethylammonium salts were high at the maximum concentration of triethylammonium salt. The increase concentration of inhibitors is associated with decreasing the rate of corrosion, but the increasing of efficiencies of inhibition, and a greater degree of surface covering. Adsorption values of the free energy were used to illustrate the effects of physisorption for (B1, B2, and B3), which was helpful in forecasting the natural interaction between organic corrosion inhibitor molecules and the metal surface of steel.

By reacting AlCl3 with chloroacetamide (CA) at the optimal mole ratio (2:1), a new type of ionic liquid was created in addition to the group of ionic liquids (aluminum chloride-amide). With an ionic conductivity of 0.34 mS/cm, the resultant clear brown ionic liquid demonstrated good thermal stability at ambient temperature in a glove box filled with nitrogen gas. Its coordination was established using FT-IR. Measurements have been made of additional physical characteristics including viscosity and cyclic voltammetry.

Organotin (IV) compounds have been the focus of recent studies for their potential use in the treatment of cancer. This review provides an overview of recent studies on the inhibition of cancer cells by organotin (IV) materials. The literature suggests that organotin (IV) compounds can selectively target cancer cells and induce apoptosis, making them promising candidates for anticancer drugs. The review covers various types of organotin (IV) compounds, including those containing alkyl, aryl, and amino groups, and their mechanisms of action against cancer cells. Additionally, the study explores the potential toxicity and biocompatibility of these compounds and their derivatives, as well as their potential use in combination therapy. Overall, the results of recent studies suggest that organotin (IV) compounds show great potential for the treatment of cancer. However, more research is needed to fully understand their mechanism of action and potential side effects. The review highlights the need for continued investigation of these compounds and their derivatives to develop effective and safe anticancer therapies.

Ordinary differential equations that includes stochastic processes in their vector fields are called random ordinary differential equations, that are considered through this work as a Weiner process or also called Brownian motion. In this paper, fuzzy random ordinary differential equations are considered, in which the fuzziness appears in the initial conditions in terms of triangular fuzzy numbers. Such equations are crucial in the theory of random dynamical systems and/or modern control theory and therefore the existence of a unique solution of such equations is of great importance. The statement and the proof of the existence and uniqueness theorem of fuzzy random ordinary differential equations is the main objective of this paper, which is proved using Banach contraction mapping theorem.

The aim of studying this research is to find the best one-sided multiplier approximation of unbounded function in space, by using type of operators by means of operators of algebraic polynomials as well as to show the relationship between the multiplier averaged modules of smoothness (-modules) and variation of unbounded functions in space.

In this article, a hybrid method that combines Aboodh transform, variational iteration method, and the homotopy perturbation method is presented for approximate the solution of important partial differential equations that describe wave like differential equations in one, two and three dimensions. The suggested method utilizes only the initial conditions to provide an analytical solution, in contrast to the method of separation of variables, that also requires boundary conditions. This method makes use of the Aboodh's transform advantageous on the Lagrange multiplier computation, hence there is no need to use the convolution theorem or any integration in a recurrence relation for the process of finding it. The obtained exact solutions are found as a convergent series with components that are simple to compute. In addition, the method needs no any assumptions that change the problem's physical nature, such as those that involve discretization, linearization, or minor factors compared to certain other techniques. Some examples are given to show how efficient and useful the method is.

The number of users of social media sites has increased nowadays, and while these sites have many benefits, they also have many damages that have grown with the increasing number of users. Among these damages that have spread in social media sites in our time is the phenomenon of cyberbullying. It has become necessary to find solutions to detect it to prevent and hold bullies accountable to reduce the phenomenon of cyberbullying, which has great health and mental effects on the victim in society. There have been many attempts to build models to detect and classify cyberbullying by using machine learning and deep learning algorithms with different sets of data that were collected from social media sites such as Twitter, YouTube, Facebook, Instagram, and others. In this work, we show a group of previous studies that used machine learning and deep learning algorithms in good attempts to detect and classify the phenomenon of cyberbullying.

Hyperthyroidism can be defined as the status of over production of thyroid hormones: tri-iodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) as a results of thyroid gland dysfunction. The aim of the current study was to investigate the association between the abnormalities of thyroid hormones (T3 and T4) and serum levels of thyroid auto-antibodies: anti-thyroid peroxidase (TPO-Ab) and anti-thyroid stimulating hormone receptor (TR-Ab) and the state of hyperthyroidism. Blood samples were collected from 75 Iraqi individuals were early diagnosed as hyperthyroidism patients in addition to 25 Iraqi individuals as a healthy control group. Enzyme Linked Fluorescent Assay (ELFA) used to determine the levels of thyroid hormones (T3 and T4) and the level of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), Enzyme Linked Immuno-Sorbent Assay (ELISA) was used to determine the levels of auto-antibodies (TPO-Ab and TR-Ab). The results show that T3 levels and T4 levels in hyperthyroidism patients (2.07 nmol/L and 14.02 µg/dl respectively) increased significantly compared to healthy control levels (1.33 nmol/L and 6.4 µg/dl respectively). While the levels of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) in hyperthyroidism patient (0.17 µIU/Ml) decreased significantly when compared with healthy control group (1.84 µIU/Ml). The results also showed that levels of TPO-Ab and TR-Ab in hyperthyroidism patients (235.29 IU/mL and 32.05 IU/mL respectively) increased significantly when compared to healthy control group (20.76 IU/mL and 0.3 IU/mL respectively). This study revealed that there is an association between thyroid hormones disorders and the positivity of thyroid auto-antibodies in hyperthyroidism patients.

The family Pteridaceae in Iraq comprises 6 species belongs 5 genera. These species occur in a diverse range of environments including humid temperate forests, the falls of the waterfalls and shrub lands. The fern species was collected from different locations in environment and geographical habitats during different seasons from two districts in Iraqi Kurdistan. The anatomical structure of the aerial parts were studied. Fronds petiole and rachis (midribe) exhibit Y- shaped vascular system, pinnae were di chotomus venation, and the spores were pyramidal shape. The anatomical characterization of A. capillus-veneris were described with detail for the first time in Iraq.