The Iraqi Journal of Veterinary Medicine

The susceptibility of all Salmonella typhimurium isolates to the first line antimicrobial agents were studied and the results obtained showed a variable sensitivity and resistivity since it shows e.g resistivity for human isolated were Ampicillin 100% ,Chloramphenicol 96% , Co-Trimoxazol 85%, Tetracycline 85%, Nalidixic acid 77% and Cefotaxime 33%, While in animal isolates they were ampicillin 57%, Co-Trimoxazol 14%, Chloramphenicol 26%, Tetracycline 42%, Nalidixic acid 85% and there was no resistant isolate to cefotaxime (0)%.
Results obtained after the extration of the DNA plasmids revealed that acommon genetical bands has been seen in addition to smaller ones that may differs in their appearance from astrain to another according to their antibiotic individual resistivity and sensitivity and this hypothesis may need a deeper and further studies to find prone relation .

The study was conducted to investigate the effect of Fenugreek and Ginger Powder. The additives were added to diets of broiler chicken for 6 weeks (along the period of experiments). The Production performance, the Physiology and the Microbial balance in the intestine were studied.
150 day-old Hubbard Chicks were divided randomly into 5 groups were as follow:
1- Group one: Basal diet (control group).
2- Group Two: Basal diet to 0.5 % Fenugreek.
3- Group Three: Basal diet to 1 % Fenugreek.
4- Group Four: Basal diet to 0.5 % Ginger.
5- Group Five: Basal diet to 1 % Ginger.
The results showed:
1- The groups which treated by Fenugreek seeds powder (0.5 %) and by Ginger (0.5 %) and (1%) showed insignificant increase in body weight compared with T1.
2- The groups which treated by Fenugreek seeds powder (1%) showed significant decrease (P<0.05) in body weight compared with other groups.
3- There was no significant differences in the feed conversion coefficient between different groups.
4- Improvement of blood parameters of T2, T3 , T4 and T5 compared with T1.

In order to known the effect of whole sonicated L. monocytogenes antigen on as mice experimentally infected with P.aeruginosa.,30 white mice,8-12 weeks age, were divided randomly into three equal groups..The 1st group was immunized subcutaneously twice with (0.5)ml of whole sonicated P.aeruginosa antigen(7.6mg/ml concentration protein) ,with two weeks intervals.The cellular immune responses was checked at (27) days post-immunization The animals of the 1st and 2nd groups were challenged subcutaneously with (0.5) ml of bacterial suspension contain1X10 9cfu/ml of virulent P.aeruginosa while the 3rd group was inoculated S/C with (0.5)ml of sterile phosphate buffer saline and served as control negative group.. The resuls showed that the prepared antigen antigen induced a good protection in the immunized animals which was,characterized by survival all immunized animals and no bacterial isolates and pathological changes in the internal organs after infection with P.aeruginosa as compared with nonimmunized infected animals,which died after infection, with severe bacterial isolates and sever acute suppurative reaction in their internal organs..

The aim of this study was to determine the important role of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in secondary infection of hospitalized patients, and test the sensitivity of this bacteria to some antibiotics were used in treatment of its infection .
90 samples were collected from different cases in Diwanya teaching hospital ,maternity & children hospital .The results show isolation of 29 isolates 0f Pseudomonas aeruginosa (32.2%) .
Microscopic examination,cultural characteristic on selective and differential media and biochemical testing were used in the diagnosis of this bacteria.
The sensitivity test of this bacteria to some antibiotics was done by using disc diffusion method .All isolates were resistant to ampicillin (100%),while it gave high sensitivity to ciprofloxacin(2.3%).

This study included evaluation of inhibition activity of watery and oily extracts of Rosmerinus officinalis plant on some pathogenic microorganisms like Salmonella typhi ، Escheichia coli ، Staphylococcus aureus ، Klebsiella pneumoniae ،Aeromonas hydrophila ، Candida albicans. The results of oily extract showed more activity at concentration (40mg/ml) of microorganisms growth inhibition (26, 24,22,18,18)mm respectively, compared with aqueous extract which recorded (12,12,10,9,8)mm respectively at concentration (200mg/ml). And procedure the qualitative chemical test of some active ingredients in Rosmerinus officinalis plant. The results showed that the plant contan glycosides, alkaloids, flavonoides , phenols, tannins , resins, saponins and comarins.

the aim of this study is to determine the effect of Hymenolepis nana infection in some blood parameters of some final host ( rats & mice ) by experimental infection of 15 rats and 48 mice . The results showed that the prepatant period between 12-14 days and the shape of eggs spherical & slightly ellipsoid in mean 40.92 X 35.96 microne & the numbers of eggs in feaces increased with the severity of the infection .
The infection which effected on the blood parameters by decreasing the means of packed cell volume , total white blood count , lymphocytes , while increased the means of neutrophils , monocytes , eosinophils & basohpils in infected group .

The aim of this study was to find out the effect of adding Eruca Sativa seed in concentrate diet alone or with Vit.E administration on productivity of male Awassi lambs.This study was conducted on Veterinary College,Baghdad University.Fifteen Awassi ram lambs at age of 5-6 months ,were divided equally in to three groups accordingly and treated as followed :The frist group A(G)was fed on concentrate diet containing Eruca Sativa seeds (5%)at a rate of 400g/day /haed,The second group B(G+E) was fed on the same ration mentioned above with Vit.E with a dose of 400mg/head was given orally bimonthly ,The animals in the third group C (control)were fed on a concentrate diet free of Eruca Sativa at a rate of 400g/day.All animals offered 0.5kg alfalfa/day/head and freely grazing for 3-6 h daily. The results revealed the followings:Body weight was increased in all animal progressively. Animals in group (G)and (G+E)were significantly (p<0.05) or mathematically increased compared with the control groups especially in late perieds.The absolute gains of the first and second groups were significantly (p<0.05) higher than the control group .Body skeletal measurements of all animals increased progressively .The first and second groups showed better values as compared with the control group.Testes measurements progressively increased with age for all animals .Testes circumferences recorded significantly (p<0.05) hiyher in group G and G+E at the end period of the experiment compared with the control group.By using Eruca Sativa seeds caused an improvement in wool yield and its traits viz.;greasy and clean wool,staple length and fiber length and diameter.However,the second group recorded better values in some productivity traits such as body weight and wool production compared with the first group.
There fore ,it was concluded that adding Eruca Sativa seeds in concentrate diet caused an improvement in productivity traits. Vit.E.administration with Eruca Sativa seeds caused more improvement in some productive traits.

Twenty five local breed dogs divided to five groups and otitis extrna experimentally induced by scrashing the ear canal with ( 9x10)8 cfu p6, biotype of pseudomonas aeruginosa . The control group showed the clinical signs beside the presence of neutrophils in the smears . The third group showed the clinical signs beside the rupture of tympanic membrane in one of animal group and the recovery to the others in 4 weeks after treathment with
ear washing acetic acid and boric acid and then local treatment with ciprofloxacin and dexamethazone beside then local treatment with cipro
floxacin and dexamethazone beside we give ciprofloxacin orally . The fourth group recovered after 3 weeks of treatment with ear washing with Tris – EDTA beside acetic acid and boric acid and local treatment with ciprofloxacin and dexamethazone beside giving cipro floxacin orally . The fifth group recoverd after 4weeks of treatment with ear washing with Tris – EDTA and acetic acid and boric acid and local Treatment only with ciprofloxacin and dexamethazone.

This study was conducted to compare pseudomonas aeruginosa strains which obtained from the soil of AL-Qadisiya governorate with the strains of cows infected by metritis in the vet hospital AL-Qadisiya for (9) antibiotics ; Ciprofloxacin Erythromycin, Streptomycin, Gentamycin, Tetracyclin, Chloramphenical , Rifampicin, Nalidixic acid, Lincomycin, and ability of these strains to produce siderphores compounds. The results of the strains which loslated from pathological cases showed high ratio of resistanace to most of antibiotics which used in the study except ciprofloxacin .where the strains which loslated from the soil was resistance to tetracyclin and Lincomycin and showed differential degrees of sensitivity to others the ciprofloxacin came at first. the result of this study also showed the strains from pathological caese could produce siderophorse compound where was all strain which lsolated from the soil of AL-Qadisiya give negative test for producing siderophores compounds.

study, the experiment design to know effect of addition of extract licorice root plant in the blood in some recipes Of chicken meat ,Used ((120) of the type of LOhemen chicks were divided randomly into four groups, the rate of (30) for each group and the experiment lasted 8 weeks and given feed and food transactions: the first group (control) was given free licorice root powder and the sIn econd group: was added (0.025%) Group III: were added (0.050%) and Group D: was added (0.075%) of powdered Licorice root plants as well as with
The summary of the study emphasizes that the best ratio of assists Licorice root powder added to, which have a positive impact on some of the characteristics of the blood of meat such as chicken red blood cells and the volume of packed blood cells and hemoglobin resulting from the addition of licorice root powder by (0,050%) also have a positive impact on reducing the proportion of cholesterol in spite of the lack of impact on the white cells and the concentration of total protein and the proportion of cells to the lymph not effective and its bad for the greater concentration of glucose.

In order to investigate the presence of Listeria monocytogenes in soft cheese and sweet yogurt produced locally, this study was done by random collection of samples from different areas in Baghdad province and its surrounding from different animals (Cows and Buffalos) as 55 total samples (47 soft –cheese samples and 8 sweet-yogurt samples) from October 2007 till January 2008 and processed according to standard protocols of Listeria monocytogenes .
The results showed isolation of 6 isolates from 55 samples(10.9%) as 5 isolates from 47 soft – cheese samples (10.638%) and 1 isolated from 8 sweet yogurt samples (12.5%),these revealed significant differences (P≤0.05) in isolation percentages between Cows and Buffalos .Samples of raw –dairy products from local Buffaloes recorded highest isolation percentage of Listeria monocytogenes as 73.5%(23.5% represented 4 isolates from 17 soft –cheese samples and 50% represented 1 isolate from 2 yogurt samples) highest percentage of isolation of Listeria monocytogenes from soft cheese samples occurred in January (2008) as 18.2% (2 isolates from 11 samples)especially from Buffalos in Al-Taji region as 33.4% (1 isolate from 3 samples ) while ,highest isolation percentage of Listeria monocytogenes from yogurt occurred in December (2007)as 50%,1 isolate from 2 samples especially from Buffaloes at Al-Fadhyllea region.
We concluded from this study by contamination of soft –cheese and sweet-yoghurt samples produced locally in Baghdad by Listeria monocytogenes .

This experiment was carried out at poultry house, college of Veterinary Medicine, Baghdad university, Which lasted 42 days, to by adding Thymus vulgaris the used part (Leaves, Steams and Flowers) and Cinnamomum zeylanicum the used part (bark) to the concentrate diet for the experimental period for 6 weeks. The study was aimed to find out the effect of thyme or cinnamon on productive, physiological blood traits of broilers by using 150 unsexing Arbor Acres chicks at the age of one day. These chicks were randomly divided into five group equally (30 chicks each). Each group was subdivided into two equal subgroup. And fed on the following ration.
1-The first group was fed on ordinary diet kept as a control group.
2- The second group was fed on the same ration by adding 0.5% of thyme.
3- The third group was fed on the same ration by adding 1% of thyme.
4- The fourth group was fed on the same ration by adding 0.5% of cinnamon.
5- The fifth group was fed on the same ration by adding 1% of cinnamon.
The feeding period for all groups lasted 42 days, the results revealed that There is an improving in performance traits for all treated groups compared with control group. However, the chicks fed 0.5% thyme should better in weekly gain period feed conversion efficiency than those fed 1% thyme. In the mean time the chicks fed 1% cinnamon should significantly higher in weekly gain and fed conversion efficiency then those fed 0.5% cinnamon.
However, by adding thyme or cinnamon to diet cause an improving in blood traits compared with the control group. The best improving in white blood cell, were obtained in the chicks fed 1% cinnamon and they should significantly low better stress coefficient.

was done by random collection of samples from different areas in Baghdad province and its surroundings from different animals (small and large ruminants) as 68 total samples (53 raw milk samples and 15 imported UHT samples)collected weekly from October 2007 till January 2008, and processed according to standard protocols of Listeria monocytogenes .
The results showed reisolation of 10 isolates from 68 samples (14.7%) as 6 isolated from raw milk samples (11.3%) and 4 isolated from UHT milk samples (26.7%) ,these revealed significant differences (P≤0.05) in isolated percentage of Listeria monocytogenes from raw milk of Cows, Buffalos , Ewes and Does especially from Al-Fadhyllea region , the highest isolation percentage was in November (2007) as 16.7%(3 isolates from 18 samples ) especially from ewes as 1 isolate from 3 samples (33.4%) followed by cows and buffaloes with non- isolates from Does .
The percentage of isolation from UHT milk samples was 26.7% as 2 isolates from white UHT milk samples (40%) and 2 isolates from 10 chocolate UHT milk samples (20%).
We concluded from this study by contamination of raw and imported UHT milk samples by Listeria monocytogenes in Baghdad.ا

This study has been conducted to study the effect of feed withdrawal (8 hours after slaughter) and adding dried bakery yeast on dressing percentage and meat chemical 45 marketed broiler chickens at 8 weeks of age .The birds randomly distributed into three treatments (5 birds ) and each treatment to three replicates (5 birds per replicate ) which were: un-treated control (T1) , broiler chickens subjected to feed withdrawal 8 hrs. before slautered (T2) , broiler chickens fed a diet contained 1% of dried bakery yeast three days before subjected to feed withdrawal 8 hrs. before slaughtered (T3) . The data obtained revealed the following :-
Adding dried bakery yeast three days before subjected to feed withdrawal 8 hrs. before slaughtered (T3) significantly (p<0.01) decreased live body weight in the same time increased (p<0.01) carcass weight , dressing percentage with or without gibletts and gibletts percentage , also T3 significantly (p<0.01) increased protein and decreased lipid and cholesterol of breast and legs meat compaired with Feed withdrawal (T2) which significantly (p<0.01) predominent compaired with T1 .

To investigate the prevalence of cryptosporidiosis among neonatal lambs and sheep in different areas of Baghdad include (Alshaab, Alshoala ,Albayaa, Alalawy, Madenat alsader, Aldorah, Alhosaenea, Algazalea, Alrashdea) ,also the study investigated effect of sex ,age, season on the infected rate from December 2007 till August 2008.
The laboratory methods were used to identified the oocysts :Modifide Ziehl Neelsen stain and flotation with Shether’s solution .
A total of 500 fecal samples were collected from animals at one day -two years old lambs and sheep, males and females
All fecal samples obtained from three groups of animals state: diarrhea , pasty and normal.

The study recorded total rate of cryptosporidiosis infection 15.8% in neonatal lambs and sheep., the cryptosporidium oocysts isolated from animals appeared with Ziehl Neelsen stain as spherical oval shape, red in color containing the sporozoit and measured 4.3 x 4.8 Um.
Infected rate differ according to the areas, the higher rate of infection 34.88 % was recorded in Alshaab , while the lower rate 3.12 % was recorded in Algazalea.
The result revealed higher rate of infection 34.95 % was recorded in lambs less than month , while the lower rate 2.77 % was recorded in animals at 6 to 7 month old.
No significant difference was noticed between two sex , the infection rate was 12.9 % in males and 16.75 % in females.
The result revealed there's no effect of fecal type on infection rate this study was recorded 18.61 % in diarrheic animals, 14.68 % in normal and 11.9 % in animals with pasty feces.
In regard to seasonal variation, the higher rate of infection 34.88 % was recorded in April, while the lower rate 3.12 % in July.

This study designed to determine the chloroform concentration in drinking water in Baghdad city. The chloroform concentration specified into drinking wter into four portions per a week along two weeks in each month for three months of this study (August, October and December) , 2008 each portion has two samples, so the total number be 48 drinking water samples (sixteen samples per month as an equal portions for each project and district).
Four projects of water supply filtration stations were selected in Baghdad city, two of them were in Kerkh side (include Qadissia water supply project and Al-karama water supply project). The other two projects in the Rusafa side, include Al-wahda and Al-Wathba water supply projects. In addition to the citizen district houses as Al-Qadissia, Al-Otayfia, Al-Karrada and Bab Al-Muathem respectively.
The chloroform concentration was determined by the use of the Gas Chromatographic (GC) in the laboratories of the general technology state for water treatment which belongs to the Ministries of Science and Technology.
The results revealed the concentration of drinking water in Baghdad city by chloroform, comparison of these results between each others revealed that the citizen district houses gave high average of chloroform concentration than the projects along the period of this study.
According to the statistical data analysis it was found that the results in August were the highest and significantly transcend (p < 0.05) than the results reported in October and December in all the drinking water project and citizen district.On other hand it was noticed that the Wathba project and Bab Al-Muathem district houses significantly transcend (p < 0.05) than other water drinking projects and citizen districtsin the average mean along all month of study.
In addition, the statistical data analysis found out a strong forward relation ship between the decrease chloroform concentration and decrease of temperature degrees whenever going to the cold season of the year, in all the water drinking project and citizen district.

Hematological changes in experimentally infected dogs with Salmonella give were studied in 8 puppies aged 8-9 weeks. They were separated equally into two groups. The first group has been infected with 4.8x 109 CFU with Salmonella give , while the second group was used as control. Hematological changes were characterized by an increase in P.C.V. , Hb , \'RBC count ,TPP and fibrinogen , while there was no significant changes in MCV ,MCH , MCHC . The total leukocytic count was increased during the two days and then gradually decreased at the end of the experiment.

It is well known that monotherapy does not provide therapeutic response in all hypertensive. Some patients show an excellent response, while in others there is a poor response. Combination antihypertensive therapy is administered when blood pressure is inadequately controlled by monotherapy to achieve a balanced and additive antihypertensive effect with minimum adverse effects. Both angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors and dihydropyridine type of calcium antagonists are well established and widely used in monotherapy. An understanding of differences in the mechanism of action of these agents allows a logical approach for the use of these agents as a combination therapy. This study was designed to evaluate the possible beneficial effects of long acting calcium channel blocker, amlodipine and the long acting Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor, lisinopril given either alone or in combination in patients with essential hypertension on lipid profile (LDL-C and HDL-C) and on other parameters using a randomized double blind, crossover study. The study includes 150 patients with systolic blood pressure (SBP)>140 mmHg and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) >90 mmHg received amlodipine 5 mg, lisinopril 5 mg and their combination prior randomization schedule. Systolic, diastolic blood pressure and pulse rate were recorded at weekly intervals while, serum levels of urea, creatinine, LDL-C and HDL-C where recorded at monthly intervals, the duration of this study was 3 months. Results were obtained using paired students t-test, differences were considered significant with (p<0.05).
A significant decline in SBP and DBP in all treatment groups (p<0.05) was recorded, the reduction tend to be more pronounced in the combination group. Moreover, there was a significant effect of combination on the heart rate, serum level of urea and creatinine, beside that, the level of HDL was significantly elevated with amlodipine and combination. We concluded that combination had additional blood pressure lowering effect when compared either with amlodipine or lisinopril alone, in addition to the greater effect on lipid profile which demonstrated that this combination is potential antiatherosclerotic agent.

This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of body condition score (BCS) and supplementary feeding on the reproductive performance of Awassi ewes.
One hundred sixty Awassi ewes aged 3-5 years (Average live weight 47.41±0.76) were used in a completely randomized design. Six weeks before mating ewes were screened for their body condition score (BCS) and divided into two groups, low BCS (<2.0) and high BCS (>2.0) and ewes in each group were subdivided according to BCS and to non-supplemented and supplemented groups (n=40 ewes ).Therefore, the four groups were:
1. Group (LBCN) = Low Body Condition Non-supplemented.
2. Group (LBCS) = Low Body Condition Supplemented.
3. Group (HBCN) = High Body Condition Non-supplemented.
4. Group (HBCS) = High Body Condition Supplemented.
All ewes received ad libitum barley straw, and (350g DM/ewe/day) whole barley grains. The supplemented groups (groups 2 and 4) were fed Mating Feed Blocks (MFB) ad libitum. Mature fertile Awassi rams (Three rams / group) were run with each group.The results showed that the pre-mating, mating, and post-mating condition scores and body weights of the non-supplemented Ewes (Groups 1 and 3) are maintained throughout the trial. Ewes offered supplementary feed the supplemented ewes (Groups 2 and 4) gained in body condition score and weights, the differences were not significant. The BCS and weights at mating for supplemented groups are 2.12, 2.64 and 46.11, 53.38 kg for groups 2 and 4 respectively. The results showed that the reproductive performance of Awassi ewes improved considerably due initial BCS and MFB supplementation. The percent of ewes lambed after mating during the first and second estrus cycles were significantly (P<0.05) affected by ewes\' initial BCS and MFB supplementation. The percent of ewes lambed in first cycle were 50%, 77%, 72.3% and 87% for groups LBCN, LBCS, HBCN and HBCS respectively. Supplementation of low BCS ewes resulted a significant (P<0.05) improvement in conception rate (17.5%) and lambing rate (12%). The results have not shown any significant of initial BCS and supplementation on twinning percentage. The percent of barren ewes at end of the trial was higher (20%, P<0.05) in LBCN compared to other groups. It can be concluded that using supplementary feed for Awassi ewes is more feasible to be used with low BCS ewes than ewes with high BCS.

The aim of this study was the assessment of pentoxifylline (PTX) effects on female reproductive hormones as well the body and reproductive organs. Sixty white mice with approximately same ages (eight) weeks and body weights were randomly divided into (six.) equal groups 10 mice for each group. Group 1: Received tap water along the period of experiment and considered as a control group. Animals of group 2,3,4,5 and 6 were treated with 16 mg (PTX) / Kg B.W. daily for 2,4,6,8 and 10 weeks respectively. Before and after treatment all animals were weighed, and blood samples were taken for follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), lutenizing hormone (LH) and Estradiol (E2) hormones analysis.
After post – Mortem examination reproductive organs were excised and weighed. The experiment revealed that PTX administration caused increase in total body and reproductive organs weights. Concerning the biochemical tests results revealed elevation in concentration of FSH, LH and E2 hormones especially significant (P<0.001) in treated groups of (8 and 10 wks duration). Compaired with another animal groups conclusion. Administration of PTX in low dose for 10 weeks has a significant effect on reproductive hormones. This will influence reproduction and litter size manifested after mating with untreated males.

Three handed stool samples of an a apparently normal adults individuals comprising hospital personnel , buffalo owners and employers processing chicken were collected and examined during period from January 2008 to January 2009 to investigate the presences of Salmonella in Babylon province. Out of the total 300 samples examined by stool cultures on different media confirmed by biochemical tests and the isolated was serotypes on central lab. Result showed that 17 samples gave positive results for salmonella which comprise 5.66% of total percentage and Buffalo owners revealed the highest carrier rate 8 % .

From March to November 2004 a total of 634 stool samples from the children coming to the hospitals, cure centers and randomly from the children of kindergarten and primary schools. General stool examination and precipitation methods were performed on each specimen, the infection rate of Hymenolpes nana 1.8% among children for both Gender(male and female) for different ages that had been recorded the highest rate for (4- 6)year is 2.94% and the lowest rate for (9-12)year is 1.4%. Seasonal variation were discussed, that August was recorded the highest rate 5.8%.