The Iraqi Journal of Veterinary Medicine

This study was conducted to investigate the dominate aerobic bacterial agents causing diarrhea in children and study its susceptibility against some antibiotics.
For this goal, 460 stool specimens were collected from infected children aged from 1 month to 5 years at Diwaniya teaching hospital for obstetrics and pediatrics from April up to November 2004, study include also the evaluation of some factors (age, sex, and residence area) on infected with diarrhea.
Samples were cultured on different selective and differential media include blood agar, MacConkey agar and S-S agar and identified them by using biochemical tests with ensuring the results by API-20E system and serological tests ..
Results showed the obtaining of 214 bacterial isolates belonging to seven different genera (E.coli, Salmonella, Proteus, Klebsiella, Shigella, Enterobacter and Staphylococcus aureus) with the percentage (45.79%, 14.94%,13.08%, 12.61 %,10.7%,1.86%, and 0.93%) respectively.
The study showed that there are no differences between increases or decrease of diarrhea infection and season or month and the highest ratio of infection were in September, August, June, and May.
Regarding age influences, the first age class (1-6) months was subjected to infection more regarding sex. It appeared that the percentage of infection in male was 60.43% in compare with females 39.5% while the ratio of infection in city\'s children was 68.47%, whereas in village\'s children it was 31.52%.
Susceptibility test of these isolates to different antibiotics by using disc diffusion method showed that most of these bacterial isolates were sensitive (100%) to ciprofloxacin and resistant (100%) to Ampicillin, while differed in its sensitivity to the other antibiotics.

The aim of this study to mentioned the effect of pregnancy on blood parasitemia of some protozoal infections and total, differential of white blood cells counts from 22 Awassi ewes 3-3.5 years age naturally infected by Theileria hirci and Anaplasma marginale.
Our results showed that there was a positive relationship between the development of pregnancy stages and the blood parasitemia till reach the highest levels during the last months (fourth and fifth) of pregnancy of Theileria hirci and Anaplasma marginale 3±0.06%, 2.29±1% and 0.77±0.15%, 1.09±0.87% respectively.
The total white blood cells count decrease in the first month of pregnancy (5.780±0.54×10³ cell/mm³), while increased during the others which reach the highest level in the fourth month of pregnancy (10.000±0.46×10³ cell/mm³) and then decreased to the lowest level during the lactation month (4.920±0.82×10³ cell/mm³) comparison to control group (6.550±0.71×10³ cell/mm³). Neutrophils were increased during the three months which reach the maximum level during the third month (40±1.98%) and then decreased to the lowest level during the lactation month (25.36±3.46%) comparison to control group (31.46±3.26%). On the other hand, lymphocytes were decreased during the first three months to reach the lowest level in the first month (46.8±8.42%) and then return to increased during the last tow months of pregnancy to reach to high level in the lactation period (70.79±4.13%) comparison to control group (62.76±3.64%). Monocytes were increased during all pregnancy stages and reach the maximum level in second month (7.4±0.75%) comparison to control group (3.98±0.44%). Same results showed eosinophils except they decreased sharply during the second month (0.8±0.72%) from maximum level in the first month (14.4±4.96%) and slightly decreased during lactation period (1.93±0.56%). Our results showed that the pregnancy stages have a direct effect on blood parasitemia, total and differential counts of white blood cell.

Groups of mice experimentally infected with ringworm Trichophyton mentagrophyte were treated with ointments prepared from 5% cold alcoholic extract of two plants of Thymbra spicata , Ruta chalepnsis and compared with the commercial drug “Clotrmazole” (1%), recovery from ringworm needed 16 , 18 , 14 days for Th.spicata, Ruta chalepensis and Coltrmazole respectively.
On the other hand 28 naturally infected calves with ringworm from the genera Trichophyton mentagrophytes and Aspergillus were divided into four groups, and each group treated individually with one of the ointments 5% concentration , cold alcoholic extract of Th.spicata and Ruta chalepensis beside “Clotrimazole”.The fourth group was left as a positive control group
Recovery from ringworm was complete after 21, 25, 18 days in the groups treated with spicata, Ruta chalepensis and “Clotrimazole respectively. These results indicate the therapeutic effect of the cold alcoholic extract of the two plants used compared to commercial antifungal drug.

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of probiotic prepared from Lactobacillus acidophilus & used as immunostimulator to improve the humeral &cellular immune response in lambs vaccinated with the Rev-1 vaccine. Lactobacillus isolated from intestinal contents of sheep after culturing on specific media &study the morphological & biochemical characteristic Lactobacillus acidophilus was selected as probiotic after definitive diagnosis and depending on their higher adherence ability to epithelial cells of the intestine and have high tolerance to low pH and bile salts .then sensitivity test of the strain against antibiotics was done The experimental study included 15 lambs (age 5-8 months) were equally divided into three groups and treated as following.
* First group was vaccinated with Rev -1 vaccine (1ml contain 2×109CFU- s/c as single dose ) and ioculated orally with prepared probiotic (2 ×109 CFU /lamb ) at one week before vaccination and continued daily to end of experiment(14 weeks).
*Second group was vaccinated only with Rev -1 vaccine at same way in first group. *Third group was inoculated with 1 ml PBS Sc as control group. Clinical and immunological tests were conducted to all lambs at 0 times & after 2, 6, 10, 14 weeks. The results of clinical tests revealed that there is increase in body temperature, respiratory &pulse rates of vaccinated animals only but the second group show the highest parameters. The vaccinated lambs shows humeral immune response by giving a positive results to rose Bengal test & by using Passive haemagglutination test, the first group revealed high significant antibody titer (716.80±125.413) than the second group and third group (p<0.05 ) . and the results of cellular immune response, as detected by delayed type hypersensitivity test which give a positive results in vaccinated groups but the first group was significantly higher (p<0.05 )at than rates in redness area and thickness compared with the second group E. rosette test showed significant increase at(p<0.05 ) of activated lymphocyte in first group ( 51.976±4.619 )compared with second (41.22±3.6865). Serum total protein concentration was increased in first group (9.7358±0.2615) compared with other groups.

The objective of this study was to determine the effect of adding aspirin to the diet on some biochemical parameters such as blood serum glucose , cholesterol , uric acid , total protein , phosphorus and calcium concentrations of broilers reared in high density (15 birds / m ) . A 90 chicks 7 days old were distributed into two treatments (45 chicks per treatment ) , T1 chicks fed a diet without aspirin (control) , chicks in T2 fed a diet supplemented with 0.2 % aspirin (2 mg aspirin / kg feed) . Each treatment subdivided into three replicates and each replicate reared in 1 X 1 m pen . The data obtained revealed the following:
Blood serum glucose concentration were 189 mg /100 ml , cholesterol concentration were 207 mg /100 ml , uric acid concentration were 4.6 mg /100 ml of T1 chicks at 7 weeks of age , adding 0.2 % of aspirin to the diet (T2) decreased blood serum glucose , cholesterol and uric acid of broiler chicks to 178 , 182 and 4.2 mg /100 ml respectively , in the same time adding aspirin to the diet increased significantly (P<0.01) total protein concentration which were 5.1 gm /100 ml compaired with 4.6 gm/100 ml of control chicks (T1) at 7 weeks of age . Adding aspirin to the diet increased significantly (P<0.01) blood serum phosphorus and calcium concentrations which indicated the importance of adding aspirin in broiler diet to rebalance blood biochemical parameters and reducing crowding stress during high density production .

Some of somatic and flageller antgens from both the human and animal isolates were prepared, and were used to Immunize a group of rabbits by intravenous injections at an upgrading doses.The results of this immunization showed the gaining of an excellent hyperimmune serum. With the use of absorptions technique amonospecific antiserum was obtained for the specific injected antigenes, the standardization of the antibodies showed a highly immune response reading. 1: 2560 , 1: 5120 to H:I and O: 4.5 Antigens respectively for both antisera.
This study showed the report for the 1st time the preparation for diagnostic kit for somatic and flagellar antigens to S. typhimurium comparing this method to Widal test with a good results and Response

This study aimed to use two kinds of mixtures of general anesthetics to know which is better from induction of anesthesia and anesthesia period and their effect of some essential parameters in anesthesia like temperature, pulse, and respiration.
Twenty birds of local pigeons were selected then devided into two groups.The first group treated with thiopentone sodium – ketamine–chloral hydrate mixture , other group treated with –ketamine– chloral hydrate mixture .

The objective of this study was to determine the effect of dietary aspirin on performance, health status of broilers reared in high density (15 birds / m 2) . Ninety chicks 7 days old were distributed into two treatments , chicks in T1 fed a diet without aspirin (control) , chicks in T2 fed a diet supplemented with 0.2 % aspirin . Each treatment was subdivided into three replicates and each replicate reared in 1 X 1 m pen. Live body weight, weight gain , feed consumption , feed conversion ratio and mortality due to ascites biweekly were recorded , also activity of some blood enzymes included GOT , GPT and ALP at 7 weeks of age . The data obtained revealed the following :
Adding 0.2 % of aspirin in diet (T2) enhanced performance of broiler chicks compaired with control (T1) when reared in high density and the enhancement started at week 5 , dietary aspirin increased live body weight , weight gain , feed conversion ratio and decreased total mortality and mortality due to ascites , also dietary aspirin decreased ascites syndrome through decrease of liver and heart weight percentages and decrease the activity of GOT and GPT at 7 weeks of age . Adding 0.2 % of aspirin in broiler diet are recommanded to reduce crowding stress and ascites syndrome during high density production.

The epidemiology of ringworm in two cattle herds in Baghdad area was studied during the period from September 2001 to August 2002.Two hundred skin scraping were collected from the infected area. The prevalence of infection was 68%. In males it was lower (37.5%) than females (62.5%) and higher in less than one year old animals. The prevalence was highest in January (16.5%). Eleven species of fungi were diagnosed, these include; Trichophyton verrucosum, T. rubrum,T.metagrophytes, Aspergillus fumigatus , A. flavus , A. Niger , A.terru , Mucor spp. , Altenaria alternata , Rhizopus and Fusarium spp. , one species of yeast Candida albicans.

This study was conducted to compare the effect of adding organic chromium (Biochrome) and organic acids (Galli acids) for reducing experimentally infected broiler chicks by Salmonella typhimurium . A total of 400 one day old broiler chicks were divided into four dietary groups which were: un-treated negative control (T1) , 400 ppb organic chromium / kg feed (T2) , 0.6 of organic acids / kg feed (T3) and positive control (T4) . After one day of feeding T2 ,T3 and T4 chicks were oral experimentally infected by S. typhimurium. Results have shown :
Mortality of positive control broiler chicks were 70 % , added organic chromium and organic acids reduced chicks mortality to 10 % in each , also the results revealed that the addition of organic acids and organic chromium reduced S. typhimurium in the intestine content and its recommended for use to prevention S. typhimurium infection in broiler chicks due to the improvement of health status depending on the increase of lymphocyte cells number and immunoglobulin concentration after 10 and 21 days of experimentally infected , also the improvement in the live body weight and weight gain .

This research included isolation of some types of fungi of molds and yeasts from cases of inflammation of external ear canal in human from AL- yarmouk Teaching Hospital, by collection of 50 samples from males and females and from different ages during summer season , also 10 samples from non infected cases were taken as control. Also sensitivity test of some isolates against some important antifungal agents which commonly used in the treatments of infection of external ear canale cases.
After cultivation of isolates on saboroud dextrose agar, diagnosed as follows :
9 isolates of Aspergillus niger, 6 isolates of Aspergillus fumigatus, 3 isolates of Aspergillus flavus, one isolate of Aspergillus terrus, 10 isolates of Candida albicans, 5 isolates of Candida tropicalis, 2 isolates of Candida parapsilosis.
The results of the sensitivity tests of some isolates against the antifungal agents appeared as follows: the isolates of Aspergillus spp. were very sensitive to Clotrimazole and Econazole, while were less sensitive against Nystatine.
Whereas the species of Candida were very sensitive to Nystatine and Econazole, but less sensitive against Clotrimazole.

This study was done on 30 mature rabbits to observe the effect of sub mucosa of small intestine of sheep in the healing of avulsion wound in rabbits, animals divided to three equal groups:
First group: The avulsion wound in the thigh region was left without treatment, just covering with bandage and considered as a control group.
Second group: Treatment of clean avulsion wound in the thigh region was done by covering it with sub mucosa of small intestine which previously prepared.
Third group: Treatment of infected avulsion wound in the thigh region was done by covering it with sub mucosa of small intestine which previously prepared.
The results of this study show that the sub mucosas of small intestine have the ability to enhance healing of the wound with little formation of scar tissue.
The macroscopic finding show the faster in approximation of wound edges in groups two and three in the second week and with little formation of granulation and the wound site be similar to normal skin in the third week as compared with control group in which the healing occur by formation of scar tissue observed in the third week and continue to the forth week, while The histopathological finding show faster in organization of granulation tissue in the second week in groups two and three and the tissue appeared similar to normal skin in the third week ,while in control group show increase in formation of granulation tissue which continue until the third week.

Morphological variation in helminthes parasites is a well- established phenomenon and may have many sources and important taxonomic implications. The morphological differences between the two isolates of
Echinococcus granulosus were the dimensions of worm total length , number of the developing segment , testes distribution , details of the cirrus sac and position of genital pore .The results of present study indicate that there is a form of the parasite is adapted to donkey and other in camel have some differences in morphological also biological features not tackled in the present work .Genetic study is required for strain detection for clarification of the situation in a country .

We noticed that the histological changes in the crop wall was in the lining epithelia only , also we found that the pigeon milk production in the 12 day of broodness is enough to feed the young , in which the thickness of stratified squamous epithelium was 432 micrometer . There was an important statical different in the weight of crop epithelium thickness in the 12-16 day of incubation in compare with 1 – 6) day of incubation . There were no histological changes in the structure of crop glands.

This study was concerned with conduction of experiment for this reason three groups of broiler chicks were used.First group (which is consisted of 15 chicks) was infected experimentally with H9N2 (AMR.ANT/IRAQ/2005) (108.6 ELD50/0.1ml) at age (8) day. Second group (which is consisted of 15 chicks) was infected experimentally with H9N2 (AMR.ANT/IRAQ/2005) (108.6 ELD50/0.1ml) at age (24) day. . The third group (which was consisted of 10 chicks) was considered as a control group without infection. Immune response in all chicks groups was estimated at age (24, 44) days depending on ELISA test.

This study was conducted to investigate the inhibition role of Liqurice (Glycyrrhiza glabra ) on some bacteria spp ., Watery and Oily Liqurice extracts prepared to study the inhibition effect on ( Listeria monocytogenus , Brucella abortus , Brucella meletensis ,Escherichia. coli , Pseudomonus aeruginosa , Bacillus anthracis Sterne strain , Salmonella typhimurium , Klebsiella pneumoniae ,Staphylococcus aureus ) serial plates powered with cultural media Nutrient Agar were inoculated with one of each bacteria studied then filter papers filled with each type of Liqurice extracts were added and after incubation period then the inhibition Zone were measured . the results revealed that inhibition effect of mixed and Oily Liqurice extracts was more effected on L. monocytogenus , S. aureus , P. aeruginosa , B. anthracis Sterne strain , K. pneumoniae . The mixed extract had no inhibition effect on Br. abortus , Br. meletensis ,E. coli , the Oily Liqurice extract had no inhibition effect on Br. meletensis , S. typhimurium the watery extract had no inhibition effect on the bacteria in this study

To identify the bacterial isolation from dogs have cancer diseases, the samples were (throat swab and urine) have been taken from (64) dogs suffering from different cancer diseases includes (38) females and (26) males.
The result of throat swab as were follows: E.coli (50%), Actenomyces pyogenes (40.6 %) , Beta Heamolytic Streptococcus group D (21.8 %) , Staphylococcus aureus (21.8 %), Klebsiella spp also Actenomyces viscosus (18.7%), S.epidermidis(12.5%), Beta Heamolytic Streptococcus groupG (9.3 %) , Proteus mirabilis (9.3 %) , Beta Heamolytic Streptococcus group B (6.2 %) , Bacillus subtilis (6.2 %), Micrococcus (6.2%) , Pseudomonas aerugenosa also Proteus vulgaris (3.1%).
While the urine samples of infected doges showed the bacterial isolates of Escherichia coli (53.12 %) , Staphylococcus aureus (28.1) , Proteus mirabilis (23.4%) , Klebsiella spp (18.7 %) , Proteus vulgaris also Staphylococcus saprophyticus (7.8 %), Staphylococcus epidermidis (6.2 %) , Micrococcus , Actenomyces pyogens, Pseudomonas aerugenosa ( 3.1 %) . No significant differences were appeared at level P> 0.05 between females and males or Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria.
The results of antibiotic sensitivity test to bacterial isolates from throat swabs were: E.coli have been showed a significant differences at level P <0.05 among different antibiotics, the highest was amikacin and lowest was tetracycline.
Actenomyces pyogens has been significant differences at level P <0.05 among different antibiotics, the highest was amikacin, ampicillin,ciprofloxacin & the lowest was amoxicillin.
Beta Heamolytic Streptococcus group D has been no significant differences at level P >0.05 among different antibiotics.
The results of antibiotic sensitivity test to bacterial isolates from urine samples showed: E.coli have been significant differences at level P <0.05 among different antibiotics, the highest was amikacin and augmantin but the lowest was clarithromycin.
S. aureus has been significant differences at level P <0.05 among different antibiotics, the highest were amikacin, cefotaxime & augmantin but the lowest was tetracycline.
P.mirabilis has been significant differences at level P <0.05 among different antibiotics, the highest was amikacin, the lowest were ampicillin, clarithromycin, amoxicillin & tetracycline..
The study showed that E.coli was the common bacteria isolated from dogs at the same time A.pyogenes was isolated too.
Amikacin was the most effective antibiotic to bacteria isolated from throat swabs while cefotaxime was effective against isolated bacteria from urine.

Experiment study was done on the pathogenicity of Salmonella give infections in dogs . The experiment was carried out on 8 puppies ranging in age from 8-9 weeks. The puppies were divided randomly into two equal groups. Group I inoculated orally with 4.8x109 Salmonella give and group II saved as control. The disease was characterized by acute gastroenteric and septicemic forms with variable severity. The most consistent clinical signs were anorexia, fever, diarrhea, vomiting repression and recumbancy. Salmonella was consistently isolated from blood as well as from feces. Gross pathological changes and histological examination were characterized by sever congestion and inflammatory cells in the most of GI

This experiment was carried out to evaluate the role of flavonoinds of Nigella sativum seeds to reduce the effect of hydrogen peroxide on electrocardiography in rabbits. Eighteen adult male rabbits were divided into three equal groups (6group) and were treated for six weeks as follows: first group (control), which were given ordinary tap water, second treated group (T1), animals in this group given 0.5%H2O2 in drinking water and third treated group (T2) was handled as in T1 plus oral intubation of flavonoinds (27.5mgKg B.W). Electrocardiography was recordings from rabbits after 3 and 6 weeks of treatment. The results conducted that H2O2 treated group (T1) showed significant increased in P-R interval, R-voltage and significant decreased in T-wave voltage and heart beats. While treatment of animals with flavonoinds of Nigella sativum seeds caused significant decrease in P-R interval and R-voltage with an increase in T-wave voltage and heart beats, direct to ward their control levels. It was concluded that the flavonoinds of Nigella sativum can ameliorate the deleterious effects of hydrogen peroxide on electrocardiography .More studies are needed to convince these findings.

The present study was undertaken to evaluate the use of ionizing radiation in decontaminating the total microbial burden of Capsicum peppers (Capsium annuum), Caraway (Carum carvi), and Clove (Dianthus caryphyllus). The spices were irradiated in polyethylene bags with 5KGy and 10KGy of gamma radiation from Co-60 irradiator. Total number of bacteria and molds survived per gram of spices after irradiation were calculated. Results showed that 5KGy gamma radiation reduced the total number of bacteria by 95-98% and the number of molds and yeast by 62.8-98.2%, while 10KGy reduced the total number of bacteria by 95.5-99.9% and the number of the molds and yeast by 67-99.7%. These percentages are accepted within the maximum permissible microbial counts for human consumption except mold and yeast counts in caraway which its number was still more than the maximum permissible count for human consumption, and the doses used in these experiments have no significant changes on the sensory quality of the spices.

A total number of 600 fecal samples were collected from patients attaining general Abu-Ghraib hospital during the period from 1st march 2006 till 28th February 2007. The samples were examined for detection of intestinal protozoan Entamoeba(E).histolytica infection by direct smear with Iodine stain and flotation technic using Zinc sulphat solution .The overall rate of infection was 32.5%.Asignificant differences were observed in the rates of infection between males and females which constituted 46.44%, 25.64% respectively. All age groups were infected, the highest rate of infection 61.9%, 29.6% were noticed in males and females of 2-5 years old respectively, whereas the lowest rates 15.15%, 10% were recorded at the age of 9-11 years respectively . The incidence of E. histolytica infection was observed allover the year, and the highest rates of infection 51.3%, 38%were recorded in spring and summer respectively .while the lowest rate 18.6% was noticed in full .Meanwhile it was 14% in winter season.

Burn is one of the most important conditions in veterinary and human medicine. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the enhancing therapeutic effect of 790 nm diode laser on the burn healing.
Twenty-five rabbits (mean weight was 2.3 ± 0.03 kg) were divided into 5 groups (A, B, F, H and control group), each group consists of 5 animals. All groups were inflected with burn (scalds) by 99 degree of Celsius hot water applied for 30 seconds, on skin of the femoral region. Four groups were treated by laser and one group was without laser irradiation as a control group. The animals were treated by diode laser five times a week at different power density. The power density (PD) of 58.9 mW/cm² with exposure time 120 seconds was used for group (A), but in group (B), the same PD used with exposure time of 60 seconds, for group (F) the PD was 255mW/cm² and for group (H) the PD was 888 mW/cm² and same exposure time of 20 seconds for both last 2 groups. Results of four groups were compared with control group clinically and histopathologically.
The study showed a good response in burn healing in (F) and (B) and (A) group, with no differences between group (H) and control group. The treatment of 5 times a week gave benefit in acceleration of the burn healing. The histological examinations revealed an increase in the proliferation of epithelial cells from the burn edge and decrease in the inflammatory cells infiltration in group F, B and A .The statistical results showed that the best results are in group (F) and group (B).The diode laser is effective in accelerating burn healing if used 5 times a week.

Gossypol is a substance found in the cottonseed. Recently in Iraq and in other countries the cottonseed was used as a concentrate for fish and other animals without awareness of the risk. The present study is designed to shed the light on the deleterious effect of gossypol on some hematological parameters and enzymes of male common carp Cyprinus carpio l.. Oral administration of gossypol 20 mg./kg. b.w. for ten days was found to be a strong lyses for red blood cell, reduced packed cell volume and increased erythrocyte sedimentation rate and decreased total white blood cell. Furthermore alkaline phosphotase, alinine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase were increased which reflect liver and kidneys damage caused by gossypol coincided with the histopathological changes in which there was mainly degeneration as well as inflammatory cells infiltration.

The objective of present work is to estimated peripheral blood serum concentrations of pregnancy hormones, oestradiol , progesterone and testosterone , in cows . For this purpose 24 Frezain- Holstein cows at different stages of pregnancy the blood samples were taken from jugular veins. The serum were separated and frozen at – 20 c until analysis. The serum hormones were measured by a specific ELISA technique (ELISA Linear Multi Reader). The data were represented Mean + S.D. Progesterone was high during pregnancy reaching a maximum of 91.94 + 26.09 ng/ml during last thirds (6-8 months) of pregnancy , but was below 9.12 + 2.41 ng/ml for several months during the pregnancy. Oestradiol levels varied from 9.0+ 2.89 pg/ml in the first thirds of pregnancy to 282.6 + 48 .514 pg/ml during the last month of gestation. While testosterone hormone level was low 0.32 + 0.12 ng /ml during pregnancy. The result indicated that the major sources of hormones appeared to be the 0vary (corpus luteum ) and the uterus (placenta). The ovarian contribution was greater during the first – thirds of pregnancy than later, whereas that made by the placenta was higher during the last thirds of pregnancy.

Canine dirofilariasis in Iraq was thought not present. This is the first report of dog heartworms in our country. Hearts of 22 dogs from various sites in Kerbala province were examined for Dirofilaria immitis infection. Peripheral blood from dogs with worms in the heart was examined for microfilaria. Adult worms were found in 16 (73%) hearts. Microfilaria in blood not tackled in the present work. From these finding we hypothesis that heartworm disease is usually present in / or imported from those areas that are endemic for canine dirofilariasis.