Mustansiriyah Journal of Arts

The interactive digital text is a form of cross-pollination between art and science in its advanced form, and it calls for taking advantage of the available possibilities to combat knowledge and technical ignorance. The digital text did not come to raise the question of comparison, but rather expresses the way of life in its best form. Today, technological development cannot be dispensed with; therefor, the creators were inspired by their textual works from the surrounding reality in order to confidently express their daily relationships, as well as their influence by modern creative data, which constituted a significant turning point in providing their textual output in the future, which revealed to us the future of the digital literary text in the light of the technological development ; therefor, today we can define its features and advantages through the creative pens that translated for us this field mixed with dealing with the harmonious fabric between the art of creativity and development that swept the world in the shadow of artificial intelligence, and we can interact with such production with precision and brilliance until we reach important results that reveal we have a new vision for the future that benefits the recipient.
To be part of this process and in a manner commensurate with his cultural data

The voice of the poets who belong to the poor social class expressed a popular counter-culture that rejected the policy followed in distributing wealth. Their expression implied a social opposition that showed the injustice of this large segment of the people. Despite the dominance of personal suffering in their poetic discourses, these poets united with their affiliation and represented their suffering in poetic discourse, especially since most of them grew up in poor environments, and their systemic references were formed in the shadow of the cultural incubator of the destitute class. They represented the pains of this class and declared its hopes, so their poems were a living image pulsating with sincere feelings. This cultural affiliation took two axes in Expressing his opposing position, the first axis formed an indirect opposition that exposed the Abbasid authority by highlighting the class differences based on the duality of the elite’s bliss and the public’s misery. They criticized the reality resulting from the policy followed in creating social differences, and did not criticize the authority that was in a position of responsibility for this class distinction in Abbasid society. The second axis formed a direct social opposition that revealed the value crack that the opposing intellectual monitors, and invests its representations in poetic discourse. This type of opposing affiliation, although it did not constitute a turning point towards centralism, was able to show the dark side of the Abbasid Caliphate by monitoring these systemic flaws.

The reason for choosing the subject is due to the critical importance of the
legal language deriving from its dangerous function in the enactment of laws and
legislation that accede to individuals in their societies, limiting offences and obliging
citizens to apply public and private rules governing that society. All this is done
through linguistic acts within official legal discourses; This has made the link between
deliberative linguistic fields and legal language strong. Most of these speeches are
restricted by a major language template (condition)، with almost all laws drafted in a
conditional manner .
The researcher in this study tries to answer questions raised about the
deliberative values of legal discourse، and the nature of deliberative thinking when
legal, in particular the language of legislation. Research on Iraq's most important laws,
such as the Penal Code, the Civil Code and other laws، as a sample of the structure of
legal discourse in general; Because the world's jurists have common linguistic and
legal norms. After this and other similar previous studies, linguists and jurists should
be interested in trying to combine these areas in order to work on the drafting of Iraqi
laws with a high level of accuracy and clarity. While taking note of what Iraqi society
imposes on the nature of those laws, without recourse to the laws of other States that
differ in culture, religion and politics, all of which require consideration in the drafting
of a State's laws.

This study tackles the discoursal and social issue in the duel incident in Bader Great Foray to discover the dialectic of the discourse and the social changes in that foray in the light of the dialectical-relational approach. This approach is chosen as an analytical tool because it is concerned with the relational dialectic between discourse and social structures and that it takes care of revealing the dominance of social structures and their attempt to commodify their discourses in a manner that qualifies them to reproduce themselves or increase that dominance, and the discursive mechanisms. This makes consumers subject to that domination, on one hand, and it seeks, on the other hand, to shed light on the speech of resistance and refusal, if any, to commodify the speeches of the dominant authorities. This, we believe, is evident in the incident of the duel in Bader Great Foray.
In light of the above, this study is divided into four parts. The first is a theoretical background that deals with the dialectic of discourse and social structures. The second part observes the historical construction of duel practice while the third deals with the changes of duel practices in Bader Great Foray and the impact of discursive practices on it. The fourth part concludes the study by displaying its results.

The emergence of the new poetic arts, including the Mawalia at an early time, was a remarkable artistic development, and it called for the reactions of the conservative linguistic and critical circles that fought and excluded it from the Arab heritage to a large extent, due to its distance from the rules of grammar and the column of poetry and performances, and these arts continued in the shadows until they appeared with the spread of melody and kick and the prevalence of Ajama and colloquial styles in Arabic poetry as a result of the mixing of cultures and genders in Arab society.
The Mawalia is distinguished from the rest of the new arts by oscillating between expression and melody, and the adoption of only one sea, the simple meter, which made the systems in it a little, and the oldest examples date back to the end of the sixth century of migration, and then the systems increased in it later, and it received attention in the eighth century of migration by Safi al- Din al-Hilli, who looked at it, and a lot of Mawalia were lost as a result of poor interest in it, and this art crystallized in the Ottoman era to become the so- called mawal, and the mawal sank in the local until its connotations were closed outside the country in which it is organized.

The Arabic language is characterized by many linguistic phenomena that harmonize with its various levels - phonetic, morphological, grammatical and semantic - and thus enable it to rise to the forefront among various human languages. Arabs and orientalists, especially those phenomena related to the phonemic level, such as the endowment, the hamz, the edging, and the convergence of the inhabitants, as it had a remarkable presence in all sections of speech, which were and still mix with them despite the different entitlements of each section, and even linked to them from the principle of affect and influence. Among the most

important of these is the phenomenon of inclination, in which nouns and verbs are restricted to without letters.
There is no doubt that depriving the letters of meanings in particular from dealing with this phenomenon; it was caused by their inability, which prompted the researcher to limit the talk about phonetic phenomena, the phenomenon of inclination especially since those letters are concerned with research and study; This is for the purpose of showing the impact of the theory of origin and branch, and its role in giving the letters of meanings phonemic phenomena despite their rigidity; Which gave it the characteristic of distinction, even if it was a matter of subsidiarity and not of progress and precedence; It has no advantage as long as it shares the rest of the parts of speech in that phenomenon, whatever the ways they deal with it.
Those interested in the phenomenon of inclination - in which nouns and verbs are unique - may wonder about the extent to which this phenomenon enjoys originality in the light of that frantic struggle aimed at dividing everything in the language into origins and branches, or the extent to which it is characterized by subsidiary, and the nature of its relationship with the phonetic phenomena close to it, which the talk about it scattered. In most of the researchers’ books, and to what extent do they deal with the letters of meanings at the same time? Although it is not possible, and can this phenomenon affect those letters, giving them all the tilt like other parts of speech?

This study aims to delve into the world of the novel, which represents a qualitative control of Western intellectual inputs aimed at destabilizing Algerian society, but in a veiled manner and with implicit cultural patterns. The new emerging from it: the existential current, the principle of rejection of the absolute, the absurd current, and the principle of revolution against values that lead to nothingness; To apply this to the novel The Stranger by Albert Camus; Which forces us to mention the authoritarian colonial history, and the secrets of the forward-looking picture of what Algeria has become after three years of writing the novel with the May 8 massacres

The exegetical and linguistic texts included some of the Qur’anic readings and were labeled as abnormal. Because they exceeded the established acceptance criteria; Although some Arabs used them; However, this use did not reach the extent of widespread and regular use; From this research, we wanted to approach the readings that are abnormal in meaning and judge them in linguistic criticism, noting that the Qur’an’s readings are a criterion to which the linguistic correction is invoked; The first topic is concerned with the semantic interpretation and grammatical significance to show the impact of the functional transition of words in the semantic interpretation of the Qur’an. Referring in presentation and analysis to objective linguistic criticism standards in its section; these two sections present an introductory introduction to abnormal readings, and to the standards of listening linguistic criticism.

The poetic moment is the one that is able to form the dominant intentions to form a starting point for the poem, and accordingly it is a different experience, with distinct features, as the recipient is guided to that, and he looks at the evidence of the poetic pronunciation that encapsulates the structure of the text with notes of the beauty filtered from them by the poetic awareness that he, too, declares his aesthetic bias towards poetic visions, and the temptations that the text allows for controversy and controversy in visions to show their distinctive difference.
Thus, the intellectual area in (Darwish’s mural) witnessed its destabilization towards the opposite, in contrast to the trend of psychological instability of the poet, who was brought in by the inhibitions of reality, the impact of the destabilization of the fixed values in the human system due to the overlap of many factors, some of which were caused by external influences, and others resulting from the vain value system in which the rupture was set in. And chaos, so they imposed their shadow on the area of stability and took their impact on the area of human consciousness, so the poet was only to seek poetic awareness and to correct the fracture whose features were formed from the ambiguity of fate and its outcome and the nature of its process.

The context may sometimes allow for the possibility of multiple meanings in morphological forms, and it may not be decisive in clarifying the intended meaning accurately; Which opens the doors of wide disagreement between grammarians and linguists, and even between the interpreters of the Holy Quran.
The subject of the research is (the impact of the context on the multiplicity of functional meanings of the forms of Triple verb verbs added with one letter in the Holy Qur’an). Since the study is contextual, it relies on what is in the Qur’anic text in which the word is mentioned to prove the intended meaning of it. The nature of this research necessitates that it include an introduction and two sections followed by a conclusion, and it is confirmed by sources and references. As for the introduction, it discusses (the context, its concept and its importance), and studies the first topic: (multiple functional meaning of the formulas for the morphological): It is also divided into two parts, the first: the multiple functional meaning of the one morphological formula, and the other: the multiplicity of formulas for the same meaning. As for the second topic: it requires that it be (Triple verb forms added with one letter and their Quranic evidence), which are three forms:
First: the formula (verb)
Second: the form (verb) Third: the (subject) formula.

In the research, we dealt with the term ideology in the light of examples from the novels of the Sudanese writer (Omar Fadlallah): (Anfas Saliha),(Tashreeqa al-Maghribi) and (Aisha’s Vision) after taking into account the concept that ideology is not limited to the social and historical dimensions, but rather goes beyond the psychological aspect when analyzing Human and social relations. There are five types of ideology: the ideology of dedication, the societal ideology, the religious ideology, and the political ideology. The writer has adopted the technique of the speaking narrator in the novels, the research models to create characters that depict the events of the history of Sudan from the distant past and the modern, as well as the image of the traditional narrator who tells us the details of the events of the past and the stories of the ancestors and what they suffered in their lives in order to survive and overcome the difficulties of life and deliver wisdom and admonition to a generation Children and grandchildren in order to create a better future for them and not to repeat the mistakes of the past. The effect of the narrator speaking in creating a single ideology that governs the fictional work is not hidden. This ideology comes in line with the writer’s true desire to depict the history of Sudan and defines it and showes the depth of its civilizational extension and change the stereotype that is stable in the mind about The fact that Africa is a country of jungles and monsters far from the features of civilization. The research adopts the descriptive analytical approach in studying novel models.

Diagnosing the strengths and weaknesses of students' performance in general Arabic for non- specialized departments in general, and in the Dept. of English Language and Literature of the Faculty of Arts of the Mustansiriyah University in particular, has become urgent to enhance the strengths and overcome the weaknesses. thanks to its intellectual role and social, political, and religious message. Non-departmental general Arabic is set an obligatory course in all non-Arabic Language departments' curricula. Moreover, it is the language whereby students of most of the fields of knowledge are taught; most significantly, it is the language in which the Holy Qur'an was revealed.

For these and other reasons, Arabic has received considerable attention from specialists who, for their part, suffer from their students' underperformance realized on the cognitive, speaking, spelling, morphological, syntactic, critical, and literary levels. As today's students are tomorrow's teachers, my humble research is set as an attempt to identify the most important weaknesses and causes of students' poor performance in order to propose remedies.

At its outset, the research addresses the concept of Arabic language, highlighting its significance and effective role in establishing the teaching process. It then tackles the main challenges and difficulties faced by Arabic language and its teaching in non-specialized departments. It then identifies the causes of students' low-level performance, ending with the remedies set in terms of some conclusions and recommendations.

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The research aims to study the technological readiness in the company, to study the empowerment of employees in the company, and to measure and analyze the strength of influence and the correlation between technological readiness and the empowerment of employees in the company. The research adopts an intentional sample of (160) individuals from the upper, middle and lower administrative levels. The research adopts the descriptive analytical method and the use of various statistical methods, including weighted means, coefficient of variation, relative importance, standard deviations, and Spearman's correlation coefficient in the process of analyzing the answers of the sample members with the degree of their reliability. And the research comes out with a set of results, including: there is a direct positive correlation between the independent variable (readiness and technological readiness) and the dependent variable (empowerment of workers), and there is a significant effect of readiness and technological readiness in empowering workers, and the effect of (readiness and technological readiness) is directly in (empowering workers), and the most important recommendations are the necessity Providing effective communication systems that contribute to the transparent circulation of information and decision-making, and the need to adopt a policy of working in a team spirit, which increases the effectiveness of achieving goals.
Keywords: information technology, Technological Readiness Index TRI, Empowerment, Employee Empowerment, Oil Exploration Company.

This study aims to identify both the importance using (LinkedIn) and its drawbacks on researchers and specialists in the field of information and knowledge technologies. The study relied mainly on the statistical method (analytical method) from the collection of data tools (questionnaire) that was distributed electronically (Google Forms) to the sample community of (55) instructors. The feedback received illustrates that (46) instructors among those who participated in the questionnaire subscribed to (LinkedIn) and the rest are not. Their data was analyzed statistically, and the general arithmetic mean, and the hypothetical mean were extracted for them to achieve the objectives of the study and prove its hypotheses. The site has a positive impact on researchers and specialists in this local and global scale.

The research identifies the practices established by the centers of continuing education in Iraqi universities (Baghdad University, Mustansiriyah University, Karbala University, Tikrit University) . Among the most important problems in the centers are (technical and administrative problems) and the importance of researching the most important changes that have taken place in the practices of continuing education. One of the most important objectives is to know what practices are taking place in the centres. What is the knowledge economy, and how to change growth, the survey approach is followed and the limits of the temporal and spatial study (2019-2020-2021), in the centers of continuing education of Iraqi universities and used in research statistical methods of growth which is the law of growth (rate of change) = (subsequent year - year of foundation) / year of foundation ×100%. One of the most important results is that universities in general focused on electronic practices and the growth in the knowledge economy was reflected through participants in practices established in continuing education centers in Iraqi universities. The most important recommendations were the need to develop the technological technologies used in continuing education practices and propose modern technology and use it in the electronic practices of continuing education centers.

Students need to have the skills of expression to be able to digress and express an idea or talk about a particular topic, the student may need to dialogue, discussion or writing smooth and coherent and has the ability to focus on the main idea and face the problems that challenge his abilities, and cognitive structure represents the content of student experiences with its interdependence, organization, differentiation and consistency in various mental activities, mental cognitive processes have a close relationship to expressive performance as they are to other forms of expression, whether mental or emotional expression related to the formation or creation of ideas. In order to increase the students' ability to expressive performance and develop them, it was necessary to implement a program based on the dimensions of the knowledge structure. To achieve this, the researcher prepared the following procedures:
1. Constructing expressive performance test for middle school students.
2. Prepare a program based on the dimensions of the knowledge structure to develop expressive performance among middle school students. The researcher adopted the experimental design of the pre and post tests and reached specific results that showed the effectiveness of the program.

Bullying is a form of unbalanced aggressive behavior. It occurs frequently in peer relationships in the academic environment and depends on control, and power between two parties, one of whom is abully who is the one who assaults and the other is a victimwho is the aggressor. The current research sought to recognize bullying and differences between the sexes. The research sample amounted to (204) male and female undergraduate students. The bullying scale was prepared and the psychometric characteristics of the scale were calculated. After analyzing the data statistically, it was found that undergraduate students don’t have bullyingرحرKeywords: Bullying, Aggression , University students , behavior , Repetition

he currentresearch aimsto explore the concepts of personal intelligence and psychological resilience among university students as well as to investigate the relationship between these variables. The research sample consistsof (120) randomly selected male and female student fromvarious humanities departments. To achieve the research objectives,the researcher developsa measurementtool for personal intelligence, comprising (20) items, and a measurement tool for psychological resilience, comprising (20) items. Both scales undergo psychometric testing for validity and reliability. After administering the scales to the students and analyzing the data statistically,the results indicatethat university students exhibited high levels of personal intelligence and psychological resilience furthermore, the findings showsa positive correlationbetween personal intelligence and psychological resilience among university students based on these results, the researcher derivesseveral recommendations and suggestions .

The current research aims to explore the concepts of personal intelligence and psychological resilience among university students as well as to investigate the relationship between these variables. The research sample consists of (120) randomly selected male and female student from various humanities departments. To achieve the research objectives, the researcher develops a measurement tool for personal intelligence, comprising (20) items, and a measurement tool for psychological resilience, comprising (20) items. Both scales undergo psychometric testing for validity and reliability. After administering the scales to the students and analyzing the data statistically, the results indicate that university students exhibited high levels of personal intelligence and psychological resilience furthermore, the findings shows a positive correlation between personal intelligence and psychological resilience among university students based on these results, the researcher derives several recommendations and suggestions .

The current research aims to reveal the level of social intelligence among university students, and to identify the significance of differences in the concept of social intelligence among university students according to the gender variable (male, female).
The research sample amounts to (200) male and female students who are chosen in a stratified random manner and in a proportional distribution method from the students of the College of Education, Al-Mustansiriyah University, and to achieve the objectives of the research, the Taha scale (2007) is adopted to measure social intelligence.
1- To identify the level of social intelligence to students at the University
2- Identified the site of the level of control (internal external)
To treat the research data statistically, the researcher uses several methods, including the chi-square, the t-test for one sample, the t-test for two independent samples, the Vachronbach equation to calculate the stability coefficient and the Pearson correlation coefficient.
The researcher reaches several results, including: The students of the College of Education enjoy a high level of social intelligence in their social relationship with their peers and teachers, and there are no differences between students according to the gender variable (male, female) in the level of social intelligence among the sample. At the end of the research, the researcher reaches a number of conclusions and recommendations.

The sign, in general, is able to make an important map in all aspects of life in general, and in the field of art in particular. It enters every field of different arts, with its great connotations and deep meanings that reveal meaning in the folds of the texts and the form and content of the artwork, and it becomes clear and tangible. For the audience, and this comes by immersing the brand in the context of the artistic event, and thus the message reaches the recipient with its direct and indirect expressive concept, according to the context in which the sign operates, especially from these arts. By employing all the elements of the cinematic language in expressing the meaning wanting to be conveyed to the recipient
So, the sign has become a very clear and important message in the cinematic film, which is usually not devoid of this great Signac transformation. One sign is able to generate other signs according to the relationship or the significal structure in the context of the cinematic film, which comes in the shot or the scene completely within the film, so This study sheds light on the mechanism of action of the sign within the cinematic text, and how it can reveal the unknown and become known to the recipient within the shot or scene in the cinematic film in general

The researcher identifies the problem of his research with the main question (What is the nature of the mental image of the military institution among the Iraqi public?) The researcher answers this main question in the objectives of his research, in addition to identifying the sources of forming this image and the sources of the public’s collection of information about the military institution. A set of hypotheses are imposed, which are Differences in the nature of the mental image of the military establishment among the Iraqi public, according to the variables of gender, age, and educational attainment. In order to reach these goals, the researcher uses the tools of the scale and the questionnaire, tests of validity and reliability are conducted on the two tools, the audience of the city of Baghdad is adopted as a research community, and the multi- stage random sample is relied upon. A positive mentality among the Iraqi public about the Iraqi military establishment.

This research aims to find out what frameworks Ukraine\'s public relations used to Frame its War With Russia, And its Twitter Account Was Chosen to Find Out These Frameworks, And This Research Belongs to Descriptive Studies, Where The Survey Method Was Employed to Answer The Problem of Research, Using a tool (Content Analysis), to Determine Which Frameworks Were Used, And The Content Analysis Form Included Several Categories, Including (Multimedia Presentation, Active Forces, Persuasive Grooming, Content Orientation, Balance of Viewpoints And Frameworks), Research has Produced a Number of Findings, The most Important of Which Are:The (Conflict) Framework is at The Forefront of The Frameworks Used, And Naturally a Framework Comes in. (Conflict) is in The First Place Because This Framework Distinguishes The Nature of The Event, Which is Essentially Based on The Conflict Between The Two Parties to The War, (Ukraine) is at The Forefront of The Most Prominent Active Forces in The Russian -Ukrainian War, And This is a Natural Consequence of the Fact That Ukraine is The Main Party in This War That Russia has Waged Against it,The (One -Party Viewpoint Presentation) Ranked First, And That it Lacked Balance in Presenting The Views of the Other Party or Parties, as Well as Depth in Presenting Public Relations Content

One of the duties of social and political thought is to break into societal phenomena and issues, no matter how accurate, sensitive, and dangerous they are, and to extract them from the scope of narrow debate and dark rooms into the space of light, before they ferment and aggravate and then explode in the form of emotional frictions or ominous clashes, for this our current research deals with the topic of hate speech and the challenges of human security. Hate speech has recently spread widely, especially after the wide spread of social media programs, in light of the misuse and absence of legal oversight and social responsibility. Therefore, it is important to recognize the seriousness of “hate speech” of all kinds and that ensuring adequate protection of human rights requires addressing hatred in all its forms, because it undermines social cohesion and common values, lays the foundations for violence, obstructs the peace process, threatens stability, sustainable development, human dignity, peace and community security, and incites panic and fear. Among members of society, and more importantly, hate speech leads to individuals losing confidence in others, which negatively affects the human security of society.

Political corruption is one of the most important problems facing government institutions in most countries of the world, as it leads to the deterioration of the

economy and the spread of poverty and social injustice, in addition to weak trust between citizens and governments, which greatly affects political and social stability, In order to face this problem, government institutions face many challenges that require the adoption of effective procedures and radical reforms, to ensure the integrity of the government process and to achieve justice and equality among citizens.
This study aims to analyze the nature of political corruption and the causes that arise from it, and then shed light on the challenges facing government institutions in the field of combating corruption, and some measures and policies that can be taken to enhance the integrity of government and government institutions.
This study is of great importance in understanding the effects of political corruption on societies, and determining the necessary measures to combat it, thus enhancing integrity and transparency in the work of government institutions, and achieving sustainable development and social justice in society.

The study seeks to identify the relationship of the academic training of the doctorate in the formation of the identity of sociological knowledge in Iraq, and the study tried to identify the most important international schools that contributed to building the academic training of Iraqi professors in the field of sociology, in addition to the knowledge of the sociological school most present in this training since the beginnings of the scholarship project in obtaining doctoral degrees in sociology. Methodology: The analysis of academic references requires a special methodological tool, which is the content analysis tool that led us to examine the introductory guide- scientific biographies of Iraqi researchers in the Department of Sociology at the University of Baghdad, which was established in (1954), within a period of time specified in the years (1976-1977/1989-1990), which are the time periods in which the professors returning from scholarship were active by (25) professors as mentioned in the introductory guide for the year (1976-1977) and by (23) professors in the introductory guide for the year (1989-1990). Results: It appeared with us in the examination and analysis of the introductory guide of Iraqi professors in the Department of Sociology at the University of Baghdad that their academic training was a global training, that is, researchers descended mostly from international references distributed among the main schools in the development of the field of sociology in the world, namely the French, German, Soviet Union (formerly), British and American schools. Conclusion: The identity of sociological knowledge in Iraq in the early academic formation seemed to be an identity largely influenced by the American school, as the introductory guide showed that professors in the Department of Sociology have academic references that came from American universities, which reflected on their research and authorial outputs.

Spinoza tried to build his engineering approach through an intellectual pattern, that the mind forms and reveals its hidden capabilities, as Spinoza stressed on purifying the mind form impurities that distort its ability to reach certainty. Spinoza singled out his engineering approach in his book (science of Ethics) more than the rest of his presenting his ideas through the issues raised and demonstrating them, and caring about human issues, emotions and morals. And he tried to draw for him a path dominated by the engineering intellectual patter, relying on analogy, inference, and proof in order to reach certainty and thus reach human perfection. And he considered that the infinite, essential divine power is the basis of all beings, for God is the one who spreads power and life throughout the universe. That is why Spinoza equated existence with essence on the basis that essence emanates from existence. From here, Spinoza's thinking was very deep and coherent, seeking, with his geometrical intellectual pattern, to reach happiness, as the geometric pattern of
hinking proceeds according to the directives of thought subject to correct criteria of thought that transform the positive case into amative one. And then prove this backwards. Spinoza focused on the idea of infinite continuity and made it one of the basic structures for all emotions and transitions. There remains continuity, which includes continuous transformations towards more or less perfections, which is represented in the active capabilities that completely organize the parallel world. That is, the world includes both active Essene and passive existence.Durability remains, which includes continuous transformations towards greater or less perfection, which is represented in the active.Capabilities that fully include the parallel world, that is, that world that include both active essence and passive existence.The geometric patterns related to the power inherent in us and in the phenomena surrounding us, which were in still by God, and which represent reflection of his superior ability to create.This means that the more man develops his intellect, the greater the understanding of his power that he possesses and the order of nature, and thus the greater his ability to direct himself and establish judge mints for it, and the greater his awareness of himself and existence as awhile. And this ability was deposited by God in him. Hence our world was parallel world according to the unity of total existence.Key Words: pattern-mind-God-thinking-existence

The Cold World War was a turning point in the history of the political situation in the colonies of French Indochina, through the great interference of the United States of America in its affairs, for fear of communist control over it, and the American intervention was represented in the form of aid under the Marshall Plan or diplomatic intervention by pressuring France to grant Independence for the states of French Indochina and thus its association with political and economic relations with France to be a shield or any extension of the communist movement

2023AbstractWest Tripoli witnessed the establishment of the karamanli rule in 1711, with the recognition of the Ottoman Empire indirectly, and the country enjoyed a kind of internal stability, due to the wise policy pursued by the first rulers (1711-1754), and with Ali karamanli assuming power, problems began to appear, the internal rebellion of the local leaders, who refused to infringe on their powers and privileges, also witnessed a long internal struggle between the princes of karamanli family over power, which developed into a civil war between the sons of Ali karamanli, which led to the killing of the eldest son and crown prince (Hassan) at the hands of his younger brother Yusuf on date 20 July 1790 . The matter turned into a military conflict, which the division of the country between the two warring parties, so west Tripoli suffered from a major political and economic crisis, during the period (1790-1793), so Ali burghul took advantage of the matter to occupy the town and expel the karamanlis, but his harsh policy and attack on Tunis led to unify the efforts of the opponents against him, and thus expel him on January 19, 1795, and the return of karamanli family to the rule again.

his research deals with the political relations between the Arab Muslims in Era of Emara in Andulus and Christian kingdoms in the north during the period ranging from 138 –30 AH / 755 –912 AD. The research deals with political and military relations of most important three kingdoms in the north in that period: 1. Lyon kingdom, 2. Universal Catalonia (Barcelona), 3. Nabra kingdom. These relations underwent wars and fighting between the two sides and other periods of diplomatic relations and embassies that could be sent and exchanged, especially of the Christians northern, of the two sides Arab Muslims and Christian Europe. This research has revealed most important stages of military and political periods and of what the Muslim princes did of military campaigns and of attempts to get the areas under their control, and how was Cordoba in that period. It is worthy to be mentioning that The Arab Muslims were always attempting to build prominent political relations, but the northern conspiracy prevented that and get control on some Muslim areas. The; political and military sides were always tending toward the benefit of Arab Muslims. The nature of this relationship. along with its reflection on the coming stages, brings benefits to both sides.

The importance of the study of the British-Turkish strategic alliance within the Central Treaty organization (CENTO) stems from their interest in the Middle East. In particular the closeness of visions toward alliance projects in this sensitive region of the world. within its time frame, the study highlights the first official meeting of Baghdad Pact Foreign Ministers after the July 14, 1958 coup in Iraq, in Karachi from 26-28 January 1959. The meeting was concluded by establishing the Agreement on the Status of the Central Treaty Organization, National representatives and International Staff on January 9, 1959. The study highlights three meetings on the

member states Foreign Ministers level, their events and how they changed the name to CENTO.
The study is divided into three chapters; the first one summarizes Turkish- British interest in the Middle East from 1955-1959, explains the circumstances lead to establishing the pact and explains the role of Turkey and Britain in the pact. The second chapter talks about the meetings of the member states in the pact, the side discussions in order to keep it from January to August 1959 and the discussion of naming it CENTO. The third chapter studies the period from August 1959 - January 1960, which is the date of this agreement establishment; this date was not mentioned in any previous studies handled CENTO, which is preserved in the National Archive in London. the researcher wants the study to be based on unpublished documents covering those developments. Those documents are preserved in the National Archive in Kew/London, Britain. On the top of those documents are the documents of the British Foreign Ministry. There are ten documents and two important files from the Dominion Office; they cover the meetings held between 1959-1960, in addition to the documents published from the British House of Commons, the documents of the U.S. foreign relations, the series of published agreements by the United Nations and some Arabic and foreign journals.

The stereotyped image of women in Iraqi society since ancient times is that they are mothers, housewives, and dependents of men, whether they are married and dependent on men in the family, such as the father and brother, in the event that women are single. In all its aspects, in this research, I showed how women see themselves as an independent being and how society sees them through its dominant view by the social ideas rooted in the minds of young and old, and even in the minds of women themselves, before the exacerbation of social ideology, societies were innocent, although there were some The customs that limit the freedom of women and people in general, which later drew a single path for women, which was produced by the dominant customary thought in most societies.
The participation of men and women in the task of advancing social work and social life is a human nature that existed since the dawn of history and it has been being one of the foundations of healthy society. To acknowledge its humanity, if media slavery

exploits its body, then ideological slavery exploits its mind and body to achieve social domination at its expense. Her tools are used to suppress him and to deepen his feeling of diminishing individuality, which is his human essence. Freedom from these social restrictions is not easy, and it becomes even more difficult when this person is a woman when she tries to get out of ideological captivity, and prove her identity as a human being who has rights and duties like any individual in society.

The present paper draws on theoretical insights from postcolonial criticism to propose a postcolonial reading of Naguib Mahfouz’s Midaq Alley (1947), a novel that depicts life in a traditional Cairo alley in the closing years of World War II. Western accounts have tended to ignore the effects of that war, and of colonialism, on colonial subjects whose regions became battlefields for rival Western powers. The novel explores these events from the colonized perspective. By weaving in the traumatic history of colonialism and of war on the one hand, and by foregrounding alternative voices, experiences, and geographies on the other, the novel sets up a counter-hegemonic dynamic that works to unsettle the grand narratives of colonial history and their underlying assumptions. A fuller understanding of this dynamic is essential for a broader appreciation of Mahfouz’s work and of the narrative tradition of which this work is an important part.

Taking notes is a significant part in the overall session of training consecutive interpreting (CI). During the reformulation phase, the interpreter's notes can provide essential tools for recalling the information. It is vital to recognize the significance of notes when designing and delivering consecutive interpreting training. It can be challenging for trainers and trainees alike to teach notetaking in CI. In CI classes for Arabs, however, students face two types of difficulties: those that are common to almost all interpreting language pairs, and there are those that are unique to Arabic- speaking trainees. By examining three samples of consecutive interpreting classes for Arabs in Iraqi and Australian universities over two years, the study sheds light on both types of challenges. The findings showed that while there are some general struggles with notetaking shared across language pairs, there are more detailed and nuanced difficulties specific to Arab students that must be addressed in order to ensure successful interpreting in CI classrooms

The field of dubbed cartoons, which is one type of audiovisual texts, needs further examination due to the fact that it is a rich source of information related to all of the issues of both linguistic and paralinguistic aspects of dubbing.
The problem of the study is concerned with the translators’ choice of the appropriate strategy, and the omission of important sentences, or/and unnecessary adaptation of the TT; the meaning is affected or not delivered in an accurate way. The current paper

investigates the translation strategies employed in dubbing the children movie ‘Frozen II’ from English into Arabic.
The paper has concluded that ‘Close translation’ and ‘Exact translation’ have been extensively used in the process of translating the movie.

Cette recherche présente une analyse de la fratrie dans S’adapter un roman de Clara Dupont-Monod publié en 2021. Ce roman a reçu trois prix : Le Concourt des lycéens en Orient en 2021, le prix Femina et le prix Landerneau des lecteurs. La romancière Clara Dupont-Monod traite le sujet de la fratrie avec le handicap d’après l’histoire de la naissance d’un enfant handicapé. Les événements de roman sont beaucoup centrés sur la place de cet enfant dans sa fratrie composée de trois enfants : l’aîné, la cadette et le dernier enfant.

La romancière explore les sentiments contradictoires de ces frères à l’égard de leur petit frère malade. Le grand frère s’attache profondément à ce petit et accepte pleinement la mission d’être son protecteur. La cadette perd le soin de son frère aîné après la naissance de cet enfant et elle ne ressent contre lui que la colère, la jalousie et la haine. Après la mort de son frère handicapé, le dernier est né. Celui-ci devient durablement l’ombre de son frère mort auprès de ses parents et de ses deux frères.
Le titre du roman est en rapport direct avec les défis de la fratrie dans la vie. Clara Dupont –Monod donne la parole comme un narrateur dans son roman aux pierres de la cour de la maison pour raconter les trois récits de la fratrie.

Doris Lessing, an author of novels written in the present day, delves into questions of colonial history and theory, as well as post- and neo-colonialism. She investigates the effects of colonialism on a foreign society from both inside and

outer viewpoints in her groundbreaking work of creative nonfiction, The Grass is Singing (1950). In Lessing's The Grass Is Singing, the narrator struggles to establish a solid sense of self and to resist the colonial language that denies their autonomy. In turn, this hinders their ability to form deep connections with others. This paper takes a postcolonial look at the novel The Grass is Singing. The novel's protagonists and antagonists are given the bulk of the novel's attention, along with the setting the author uses to evoke a colonial ambiance.

The Pulitzer Prize winner collection Blizzard of One (1998) by the American- Canadian poet Mark Strand (1934 - 2014) voices Strand's preoccupation with themes of loss and absence. This is usually accomplished through nostalgic setting and surreal imagery. This paper discusses the use of such themes like loss and absence in the secelted poems from the collection Blizzard of One. The paper concludes that the awareness of absence is one remarkable feature of Strand’s poetry.

رواء كريم زيدان
108-123