Mustansiriyah Journal of Arts

The goal of this study is to look at the intertextual allusions
to the Holy Qur'an, ancient and modern poetry, Arabic proverbs,
and classical historical tales and stories in Ahmed Attia AlSaudi's novel Shallal Al-ward. The investigation also looks into
the writer's ability to creatively adapt Qais bin Al-Molawwah's
poetry to fit the plot of the novel. Poetic snippets from ancient
and contemporary poetry are included in the narrative as well.
The inquiry also aims to learn the truth about the protagonist, and
who is Laila, the one who was martyred lately in Jerusalem

The view of important linguistic phenomena should not be
a short-sighted view that is content with a glimpse and is
convinced of the sign, but rather a view based on
comprehensiveness and comprehension. In order to deal with the
phenomenon in all its aspects and to be familiar with its
circumstances in the communicative process, then one can explore
its depths, know its essence and find out its benefits in the
language. Hence, this research deals with an important
phenomenon in Arabic, which is the establishment of the adjective
in the place of the noun it modifies, so we look at it - as I think - a
comprehensive view, perhaps it would fulfill the purpose and meet
the intended, one of these aspects is linguistic one which sheds
light on the semantic path of a group of expressions and their
transfer in usage from descriptive to nominal, so it was This is
from the hard work of the first topic, which came under the title
(What falls out of it permanently, its examples and its usefulness),
The other view is pragmatic, taking into account the context
between the parties to the discourse from a pragmatic point of
view (linguistic and extralinguistic) in terms of the circumstances
of the speech, its circumstances, and what it surrounds. This is
guaranteed by the second topic, which comes under the title (What
falls out of it as a pragmatic context, its examples and its
usefulness). The research has concluded with results, including:
This phenomenon has two main types: the first is permanent, the
adjective becomes with it as the noun of the gender, and this
adjective is only singular, and the other is contextual, and it is not
limited to the singular adjective, but it goes with the adjectival
clause as well. The two types of phenomena combine to achieve
the benefit of brevity and not to prolong speech in a way that is
useless, in addition to their combination in achieving the benefit
of broadening and flexibility in expression. The deletion can be
interpreted in general, and the deletion of the noun the adjective
modifies in particular by referring to the areas and pillars of the
pragmatic lesson, including the previous assumption. It shows
what is silent and what is not said. The adjectival clause may take
the place of the noun it modifies, especially with the contextual
type, and its role is not limited to individuals. Finally, the
research reveals the benefits of establishing the adjective in the
place of the noun it modifies, represented by brevity and
stimulating the mind of the addressee and drawing his attention to
the most prominent features of the noun it modifies, the expansion
of expression, and the increase in meaning

Praise be to Allah, Lord of the worlds, and blessings and peace
be upon the faithful Prophet Muhammad, may Allah bless him and
grant him peace, and upon his good and pure family, and his close and
auspicious companions. This study examines “approaching verbs”,
which are abrogative verbs that act as “ the verb ”(كان (in which (اسمها (
its subject will be in nominative case ending and its antecedent is a
verbal sentence in the place of the accusative case is or is not
.(أ ن المصدرية) (أ ن) infinitive with associated
These verbs are divided into three sections: The first section:
(Verbs of propinquity), which are: (كاد) (is about), (كرب) (distress),
(أوشك) (is about to), (هلهل) (is very close to), (مَّ
أل) (is very near),
لى)
ْ
أو) (is very near), (قارب) (approach). And the second section:
(Verbs of hope), which are: (عسى) (may), (أخلولق) (close to be), (is
، ، ، ، ، ، ، ، جعل، قام.حري (to better
The third section: (The verbs of beginning), which are: (شرع (
(start), (علق) (commented), (طفق) (flushed), (ب ه) (starts with fast), (أخذ (
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آداب حزيران 2022
(took), (أنشأ) (established), (بدأ) (initiated), (أقبل) (come) , (جعل) (made),
(قام) (act), and others …
This study includes a preface, three topics and a conclusion. As
for the preface, I talked about (the verbs of propinquity), its work, its
name for grammarians, and its news. I define (verbs of propinquity),
the first topic I was dealt with, terminologically and linguistically. I
studied the news of these verbs, their structures and derivations, and
the differences of grammarians about these verbs.
The second topic is about (Verbs of hope), while the third topic
deals with (Verbs of beginning). Then I end my research with a
conclusion, explaining the most important conclusions that I reach in
this research.

The research investigates Iraq women, to know Helplessness
and it relationship to binary thinking of Iraqi women, The research
aims at the following:-
The research aimed at a community of Iraqi women to identify
learned helplessness and binary thinking and the relationship between
them, and the research set five goals, and after defining the theoretical
framework and selecting the search terms, several steps are taken to
achieve those goals of the learned helplessness, which consisted of (20)
items, then the two scales are subjected to statistical analysis. To
determine its validity for measurement, the items are distinguished
using (T-test) for two independent samples, and the validity of the items
is extracted using Pearson's correlation. The stability of the two scales
reach (0.87) for the measure of learned helplessness, and (0.83) for the
scale of binary thinking, followed by extracting the results of the
research according to the five goals, and it appears that the research
sample does not have a feeling of learned helplessness, where the
calculated T value for a sample and a community reaches (5 4, 7), and
in favor of the hypothetical average, as well as for binary thinking, as
the t-value reaches (24,029) and in favor of the sample, and it appeares
that there are no differences in the learned helplessness according to
the differences in ages, occupation, and age. Academic outcome, as
well as for binary thinking according to differences in ages, occupation,
and academic achievement, and there is also a correlation between
learned helplessness and binary thinking, where the correlation value
reaches (399) and when testing the significance using the t-test it
appears that the calculated T value is higher than the tabular value,
that is, there is a significant and positive correlation between learned
helplessness and binary thinking. Based on these findings the
researcher has reached some recommendations and suggestion
connected to these findings
:

The current research aims to identify-:
1- Mental motivation among university students
2- Future thinking skills of university students and their levels
3- The correlation between mental motivation and future thinking skills
among university students
The current research is determined for the students of Al-Mustansiriya
University for morning study for the academic year 2021-2022.
The research included the adoption of the mental motivation scale and
the testing of future thinking skills, and after analyzing them logically and
statistically and verifying their stability, validity and application on the
research sample of (400) male and female students, the following results
appeared:
1- University students have a good level of mental motivation. This
indicates that the availability of mental motivation among university
students is a positive indicator that the university environment is
stimulating for future thinking.
2- The results also shows that university students have future thinking
skills, and most university students have these skills as a result of the
accumulated experience gained from education and other life situations.
3- There is a correlation between mental motivation and future thinking
skills among university students.
Based on the results of the current research, some recommendations and
suggestions were reached.

To identify the professional guidance of educational counselors
from the General Directorates of Education in Baghdad affiliated to
the Ministry of Education, and to achieve the goal of the research, the
professional guidance scale was built based on Donald Super Theory,
which consists of (19) items after checking the psychometric properties
of the scale and then applying the scale to the adult research sample
Their number is (200), with (80) homeless and (120) female counselors,
and then processing the data statistically using the (SPSS statistical
program), as two types of honesty were extracted from the items.
1- Apparent honesty: by presenting the scale to experts and
specialists.
2- The validity of the construction honesty in the light of
calculating the correlation of the item with the total score of the scale.
The researcher reaches to extract the stability in two ways, the
re-test method and the Vacronbach method, and the reliability
coefficient of the professional guidance scale reaches (0.82) and the
reliability coefficient reaches (0.83) by the Vacronbach method, and
from the results the research concludes that the research sample has a
high level of guidance Vocational guidance and tasks followed by the
educational counselor in the guiding process, and among the
recommendations reached by the researcher is to support the guiding
wheel and the educational advisor in Iraqi schools.

The research aims to find out what is the possibility of using visual aids in the field of practical application of academic vocabulary and its impact on the educational process compared to the traditional method, as well as knowing the level of students’ awareness and comprehension of the scientific material using visual aids. And the experimental group from the students of the Department of Information Technology and Libraries to conduct the test and measure the effect, the number of the selected sample was (50) students divided equally on each of the subjects in which the students were subjected to the test( 50). The research reached a set of results, the most important of which are the following:
1- Students’ comprehension of the methodological vocabulary needs to activate the practical side to increase understanding. Teaching is not limited to textual vocabulary.
2- There is a weakness in dealing with modern technologies, as most educational institutions adopt the traditional method of teaching students, despite the fact that the modern technical method has a significant impact on enhancing the skills of teachers and students alike.
3- There is a weakness in the practical education curricula and the necessity of implementing the requirements of practical training for students, as the available ones do not achieve the desired goal of the practical vocabulary due to the lack of the necessary training tools in the department.
In light of the findings of the research and what was observed during the research period, the reality of the students of the department, the research sample, made the following recommendations:
1- The need to increase students’ skills through practical
application, which contributes to raising the level of
understanding and understanding of practical procedures in his
field of specialization.
2- Enhancing the practical aspect of academic vocabulary
through lectures and practical observations that are made
through video recordings of lectures by the instructor, displaying
illustrations or presentations, or through the use of YouTube and
other multimedia programs that are currently followed.
3- Urging students to watch and follow educational videos that
include explanatory lectures explaining a specific topic related to
their specialization, which leads to increasing students’
intellectual and practical skills in a more interactive way than
theoretical explanations.

The anthropologist in the areas of social change is aware of the
diversity and variance of his methods, which were mainly based on
ethnographic studies, and that the most important of these approaches
is the process approach, which is a fundamental guide in the study of
change. The main idea in this method. Is the necessity of focusing the
research on (social and cultural) processes, and looking at society
through the process that works to create and maintain social models,
as opposed to starting in the study of society from the functional
postulates of balance and self-support. The parts of society interact
with each other, but how do these parts work, this research aims to
define the method and explain its importance and role in the field of
contemporary social anthropology, in addition to showing the use and
employment of the method and the effectiveness it provides in dealing
with complex and developing human issues, through monitoring the
processes of change, as The importance of the research.

This research deals with a systematic historical study of the
biography of Imam Hassan (peace be upon him) in the book Nihayat
al-Arb fi Fnoun al-Adab, authored by al-Nuairi. This book known as
(Tareek al-Nuairi), consisting of 31 volumes may be understood from
its title that it deals with one perspective which is the literary aspect,
but it is a book that contains a huge encyclopedia that combines
literature, history, geography, economics, sociology, religious sciences,
government systems, translations, arts and sciences. The style of this
book is featured with simplicity, clarity and far from the complexity. AlNuairi has not detailed the in showing the information about Imam
Hassan (peace be upon him) comprehensively. This is on the one hand,
but he goes on in his method and throughout the pages of his book that
concerned with Imam Hassan (peace be upon him), that he is not the
owner of the news that he narrates, and this on the other hand. He tries
to get rid of its consequences and cast them on their owners by naming
them, and he forgot or tried to forgot that among these narrators those
are weak, abandoned, false, liar, and something. The other thing that
this research has noticed, is the weakness of Al- al-Nuairi’s critical
sense without expressing any opinion or analyzing any novel, but he
was merely a collector of these texts.

The current research attempts to access the Japanese social
culture and shed light on art performance that begins in the fifteenth
century and reflects a pure Japanese identity and culture. The research
also seeks to show the other side of Japan for the purpose of showing
how Japan is not only one of the strongholds of modern technology, but
also has its own civilization, traditions, social heritage, culture and
arts.
This cultural heritage resulted from the spirit of society as a live
expression of the characteristics of that society and its ability to
balance and integrate traditions with modernity. This ability is
embodied in processing the contradictions/diversity to achieve a spirit
of harmony, which is a Japanese social and cultural philosophy. This
confirms the existence of a distinctive Japanese civilization, culture and
heritage, contrary to what was referred to by (Kato Shuoichi), a
Japanese cultural historian, who has criticized it and considered it
mongrel.
(Warren-Knott & Hironaga, 1964)is one component of the Japanese
traditional art and its permanence is associated with the development
of the Japanese society; identifying its identity, forming its cultural
heritage and relationship with social classes, and enhancing its
prestige in social history.
This research is an attempt to study the impact of arts and folklore
festivals on shaping the culture and identity of society. It also explains
the role of society in achieving a balance between the influences of
technology/modernity and traditions that shaped the identity of the
Japanese society and its role in the perpetuation of the Japanese nation
over ages. Moreover, the role of the state in caring for society,
preserving its heritage and cultural elements will be highlighted and
presented as a model for Iraq and the Arab world to adopt.

History is one of the human sciences that is concerned with the study
of ancient historical phenomena and problems related to the present
era. History is also a recorder to the events that happened in the past
till the current time, and it is as the other human sciences that based on
various set of scientific facts through the evidence of man and place. So,
history represents the mirror of nations, reflecting their past,
translating their present, and drawing inspiration from their future.
Therefore, it is important to pay attention to our history, preserve it,
and transmit it to generations in a correct manner, so that it is a
beacon and guide for them in their present and future.
We discussed this under the title (Methods of Inspiring Lessons and
Treating Accidents in the Light of Historical Sources "The Markets and
Their Consolidation in the Abbasid Era as a Model"), in which we will
address the issue of markets as a model for comparing the present with
the past, and understanding the controversial discussions in the current
era. History helps to understand the types of historical comparisons,
and to understand Current and future changes that affect our lives, and
the causes involved, which encourage us as citizens to conduct
responsible behavior towards our society and our country.

method using the electronic information questionnaire, which was
distributed to (60) individual Iraqi university students. The results
of the questionnaire shows the intensity of exposure of the sample
members to these advertisements and their expectation of
cognitive benefits from exposure to them despite their weak belief
in their credibility, in addition to the prevalence of consumerism
among the groups who are exposed to their advertisements.

The Translation of political speeches into Arabic can be
considered as challenging task due to the difference of
ideological, cultural, and attitudinal systems that govern English
and Arabic speaking communities. This difference necessitates
having many procedures or standards of acceptability to govern
each society. Hence, what might be acceptable and pragmatically
understandable and interpretable to English readers might be
wholly rejected by Arab ones. The aim of this paper is to focus on
the translation of political speeches particularly the speeches of
the former president of the United States George W. Bush in his
war against Iraq back in 2003. We will review selected excerpts of
his speeches; then, an analysis will be introduced via applying
“Appraisal Theory” Martin and Rose (2003: 19). A suggested
translation will be given from English into Arabic when needed.
In addition, the paper will suggest a strategy for possible
solutions of the problems that may face translators of political
speeches.
This paper is hoped to represent a modest contribution in
the field of translation in order to help the translators in general
and students of translation in particular to recognize any possible
areas of ideological, cultural and cognitive gaps that may be
raised between S.L. and T.L. communities which may distort the
communicated message and render it unacceptable. Moreover, the
paper will suggest some workable strategies as we will see below
to bridge these gaps and to overcome such possible problems that
may intervene in translation in general and translating political
speeches in particular.

Many American writers have enriched world libraries with many
novels, plays, and poems about slavery and the spirit of challenging.
Writers like; Phillis Wheatley, W.E.B. DuBois, Langston Hughes, Alice
Walker, and Hansberry, as they deal with the life circumstances and
issues of African- American, who had suffered from their masters and
White American in general. This study deals with Hansberry’s play
Drinking Gourd, where the playwright refutes the superficial
stereotypes of blacks as portrait by whites. The present study analyzes
and discusses slave and racism. The Drinking Gourd’s main character,
a black slave Hannibal, is characterized by a rebellious spirit against
the injustice of slavery practiced by white Americans against black
slaves such as the denial of the most basic human rights, including the
right to learn reading and writing. Hansburry was known for her spirit
of defiance and rebellion against oppression and racism. This study
sheds light on the enslavement of black people. It follows an analyticaldescriptive approach, as the researcher believes that this approach is
suitable for the analysis of the characters, setting and theme of
challenging the slavery in the play. Therefore, the researcher chooses
some related extracts of the characters in the play. She also takes the
related views of other writers in order to prove her claim. One of the
findings is that the protagonist successfully escaped from the tyranny of
his master in spite of his blindness.