Mustansiriyah Journal of Arts

There were factors that helped in preface and preparation of the
modernization movement that took place in Saudi Arabia Kingdom in the
fields of management, culture, economic & social life, and they become
as encouraging factors to make it happen, in addition to the existence of
oppositional sides to the modernization movement that aimed at
development and building a modern state, especially the Muslim brothers
that stand against any transformation in the different life facilities.

This research aims to find out"the Effectiveness of Realistic Modelin the history Achievements
of Fifth Primary grade pupils and their tendency towards it To achieve that the rsearcher has
choses exprimenutal design has partial control for the two groups of the research by rewarding
the students in different variables the educationl material under experimentation is
represented by the three final chapters of the history text book for the fifth primary grade the
two instruments of the research are the achievement test which is prepared by the researcher
which consists of (25 ) it emes of multiple choices the face validity and the content validity have
been ascertained and also the tendency scale which consists of (20) items has been ascertained
from its face validity and construct validity the experiment has lasted for one academic course
By treating the data statistically the results show the priority of the experimental group over the
coutroled group in achievement and tendency

The present study represents as tagged (Systems Significance in the products of the artist
Salam Jabbar jead) a scientific effort to detect systems denoting the product of the artist in
the subject of the study, research was founded on three chapters.
* The first chapter included Structural public research including contents of the problem and
the importance of the goals and limits of research with the identification of the most
important terms in the search.
* Chapter II included the theoretical framework , which came in axes as follows:
- The concept of systems : it was to explain the general concept of systems in general , as
well as technically , in particular, to the system of an active role in the organization of
internal relations and the founding of the meanings and connotations in the configuration
expressive artwork.
- the plastic Painting systems : it was delectated on the grounds that the plastic plate
systems are holistic system and job organizing the whole process , from the creation process
and the end of the collages undergone a semantic incorporation intellectual and through
interdepartmental aesthetic and intellectual communication between the artist and the
receiver and which has been the theme systems formalism in general concept in nature and
down to the systems within the formalism painting fine art systems and ushering through a
system of self and semantic system open .
- Compressor systems: the search has been based on being a set of external systems
influencing the human thought and control the behavior and perceptions about mental
attitudes and views and emotions that are exposed in his daily life within the community
and its negative impact or positive it is between those systems (psychological and social
environmental, religious) and that the researcher addressing them within the frame of mind
in terms of the overall concept of public and private.
* Chapter III -the researcher explained the procedures followed in achieving the goal of the
research community and the mention of the research methodology and the process of
selecting samples and of which there were four.
* Chapter IV , was dedicated to mention the findings of a researcher in the study of the
samples and the results were shown in their entirety :
1 - characterized by products of the artist after 2003 systems semantics closed sometimes
where the complement of meaning as in the sample (1 and 2) and open at the other times
where strayed where do exegesis open has been achieved in the samples (3 and 4) in
accordance with the intellectual vision especially in light of what it takes work -founded
meaning .
2 - Semantic systems that are open in the products of the artist with the dimensions of
thought and reference purposes receiver about the interaction with the artwork to be able
to translate the hidden meaning according to his own vision , and that what has been
achieved in the samples ( 3 and 4) .
3 - In some cases, was founded artwork on according to the system indicative closed to
deliver the idea directly to the recipient, for reasons dating back to the desire of the artist to
broach the subject simplest forms due to its importance and role in the activation of social
systems within the environment to which he belongs and check it in the samples (1 and 2).
4 - It was a most products of the artist during the period of the post- 2003 tool rejection of
reality through the implications of intellectual relevant reference for the very humanity of
the artist and the tool refused and change through its ability to deliver business idea to the
recipient style nicely and smoothly in the delivery of meaning whether it be within the limits
connotation closed or open

Wuthering Heights gives readers a good idea of what it must have been like to be
an orphan in Victorian society. Readers’ sympathies go naturally to Heathcliff at
the outset because he is seen only as a victim of ill-treatment by Hindley
Earnshow. When Heathcliff is brought as a boy to the Earnshow's home, Mrs.
Earnshow's first reaction is to fling the child out of doors. That night even the kindhearted Nelly puts the child on the landing in the hope that it might be gone by the
next morning. Later, old Mr. Linton finds Heathcliff prowling about with Cathy near
Thrushcross Grange and immediately says, "It is, but a boy. Would it not be a
kindness to the country to hang him at once?" When Hindley becomes the master
of Wuthering Heights, he ill-treats and degrades Heathcliff forcing him to work as a
drug on the farm. This treatment forms the basis of Heathcliff's resolve afterwards
to take revenge upon Hindley and Edgar.
Heathcliff is the main character in Emily Brontë’s classic novel Wuthering Heights,
and the whole plot revolves around this strange man from the time when he arrives
at Wuthering Heights as a dark and dirty foundling and until he ends his days as a
powerful landlord of both Wuthering Heights and Thrushcross Grange. This
evolvement of the character makes him one of the most fascinating characters in
English literature.
The study will try to elucidate Bronte’s depiction of the theme of victimization
represented by the main character, Heathcliff, who has been abused and victimized
and turned to be a victimizer. It is expected to find out that the hero could be a
victim or a perpetrator or both, and how does abuse affect his personality and
attitudes towards himself and the society he lives in. Besides, the victim may
develop anxiety or post-traumatic stress disorder, and may suffer permanent
physical or emotional damage and that of course will make a deep scar in the
hero’s psyche which will turn him into either an angel or a devil.

This study consists of two parts, theoretical part and practical one. The former
probes the term “idiom or idiomatic expressions” in general. First, the
definition according to different points of view and theories, its types and
constructions in according with different standards and criteria, and the
relation between this term and other linguistic phenomena were given. This
analysis has been done to give a simple and full image about it, moreover, to
pave the road to the rest of the topic. Having narrowed the topic, the study
has concentrated on one category of idioms, namely idioms from colour, to be
studied in details. This category has been chosen because it was not clarified
and defined by worthwhile linguistic studies at least in Iraq as well as this topic
represents the core of the second part of this study. The practical side
embodies the main objective of the research that is the importance and the
role of idioms of colours in teaching and improving English language at
different levels: semantic, syntactic, vocabulary, contextual and pragmatic.
This objective has been sought after by applying two tests, pre-test and posttests to which the sample of the research was subjected. The sample
includes 42 undergraduate students. A lecture related to the topic, idioms from
colours, has been given to the students of the sample. The results of the two
tests were treated statically and a comparison between the two results to
identify the change in aforementioned levels of language, was made. One
thing among many findings of this study can be said briefly here is that the
idioms from colours play an effective and positive role in teaching English
language to Iraqi students.

This study consists of two parts, theoretical part and practical one. The former
probes the term “idiom or idiomatic expressions” in general. First, the
definition according to different points of view and theories, its types and
constructions in according with different standards and criteria, and the
relation between this term and other linguistic phenomena were given. This
analysis has been done to give a simple and full image about it, moreover, to
pave the road to the rest of the topic. Having narrowed the topic, the study
has concentrated on one category of idioms, namely idioms from colour, to be
studied in details. This category has been chosen because it was not clarified
and defined by worthwhile linguistic studies at least in Iraq as well as this topic
represents the core of the second part of this study. The practical side
embodies the main objective of the research that is the importance and the
role of idioms of colours in teaching and improving English language at
different levels: semantic, syntactic, vocabulary, contextual and pragmatic.
This objective has been sought after by applying two tests, pre-test and posttests to which the sample of the research was subjected. The sample
includes 42 undergraduate students. A lecture related to the topic, idioms from
colours, has been given to the students of the sample. The results of the two
tests were treated statically and a comparison between the two results to
identify the change in aforementioned levels of language, was made. One
thing among many findings of this study can be said briefly here is that the
idioms from colours play an effective and positive role in teaching English
language to Iraqi students.

Legal English is a unique type of language which for ages has been a subject of great
interest. Its peculiar form may give it the air of great dignity and professionalism, but above
all it is criticized for its unreadability. Legal English is a most interesting and at the same
timeexceptionally complex legal jargon. One of problems that make the structure of legal
provisions odd and unintelligible is that the sentences are so complicated and long. This
feature is gained by either the ample of embedded clauses or embedded phrases. The
embedded clauses whether finite or non-finite, are excessively used in English legal
provisions.
The major types of legal writings are conventions, treaties, and agreements. All of them
have to be written in form of Law, Act, or Code. The system of law regulating the
interrelationship of sovereign states and their rights and duties with regard to one another is
called international law. International law is also known as public international law to
distinguish it from private international law, which does not deal with relationships between
states.
The aim of this study is to analyze embedded sentences in the international law and discuss
the differences between public and private law sentences.
3
This study has been devoted to investigate the problems translator will face in translating
provisions mentioned in the appendix concerning to:
- Public international law articles taken from (Geneva Convention), (The Charter of
United Nations), (Human Rights/ Protocol Relating to the Status of Refugees).
- Private international law articles taken from (Anti –Terrorism Act, 1997),
(commercial law),(criminal law).
Finally the study arrives at main results such as: there are many problems which may occur
during the translation process. The translator can control them by analyzing the syntactic
structure of legal text and find an equivalent structure. The translator needs to use his/ her
skill and knowledge to convey the meaning of the legal text accurately

Verbal irony is a discoursal pattern that regales the readers, raising
their astonishment out of the surprises it embeds. This pattern makes
the process of reading texts more effective, particularly when it comes
to the interpretation of what is said and unsaid in the text .
In Al-Jahiz’s Letters, verbal irony is realized in terms of breaking the
readers’ expectations, similes, and paradoxical dichotomies; all render
the Letters unprecedentedly vibrant and exciting.

Researcher found that the issue of the epithet and his
belongings Aldlaah Altherh of topics that are worth what they
were prospecting for and extracting semantic function, which
gave those purposes .. The researcher presented an
introduction to his research stating the reasons for his choice,
and then stop on the meaning of the epithet language
idiomatically then stated purposes that came forth epithet and
then seal his research conclusion stating the most important
results reached by then stated margins and sources that he had
.help in completing the research and God bless

May be the concept of women achievement in the title applies
on the Iraqi creator women Nazik AL-malaika (1923-2007) for
what she had achieved as she known as the pioneer of the
modern (Free poetry), and her role as a poet, theorist and critic.
The scientific value is not the only reason to choose AL-Malaika
to be studied her but there is another reason also which is the
moral one by expressing our faithfulness to this pioneer who
opened, to poets from her generation and other generations,
wide horizons of modernization.
Despite the fact that many studies have been written about
Nazik, but more can be done, by trying different methodologies
on one hand the research will refer to the value of Nazik
achievement, and on another hand focusing on her criticism
especially her book(( the psychology of poetry and another
essays)).
The research divides into under mentioned parts:
-Women Criticism and Feminine Criticism.
-Nazik and her womanly achievement.
- Nazik among the foreground, renewal and standard .
- her stand from the Circular poem.
- Nazik and Literature Motherhood.