Mustansiriyah Journal of Arts

After a bloody conflict which lasted for 98 years , since the issuance of the first Iraqi
newspaper , Zawra’a in 1869, and to the establishment of the General Institution for
the organization of Press and Printing in 1967, the Iraqi government, which owned the
legislative and executive tools, managed to completely eliminate the freedom of the
press , through the issuance of law No. 155 of 1967 , which nationalized the private
press that became the property of the government , and the journalists working there
became government employees, working in the journalistic institutions in return for a
fixed monthly salary .
The decision to nationalize the Iraqi press is considered a historic turning point in its
trajectory, and from here comes the importance of this current research in which the
researcher used the descriptive method. It is comprised of four axes: Government
attempts to control the press (1958 - 1963), the political developments that paved the
way to nationalize press (1963-1966), the nationalization of the press in 1967, and the
Iraqi Journalists and the syndicate’s position to the nationalization decision

The destinies of man , especially in ancient times, associated with the
economic situation and the ability pension general community , which endeavored
to provide enough staple food daily for the continuation of his life and to ensure
dignity, a departure from the poverty and hunger, and having to give up a lot of
possessions , and even his freedom if necessary it's , as one of the ways for the
continuation of his life and the lives of his family. Have been associated with
economic capacity and pension with variables and emergency events in the
environment and variability as well as changes in the political situation and its
impact heavily on social and economic system together, which may cause the
prevalence of poverty and destitution and shed money power owned , however,
the minority on the capabilities of the vast crushed leading thus to cause insult
human dignity enslaving souls for a living , so proud old Iraq and we in turn ,
because of the system of humanitarian and social already so nations other
ancient , but the oldest laws and regulations, which preserved the dignity of man
and his rights , and protect it from the domination and tyranny of the owners of
money and influential , and thus ensure his future with his family , especially
within the economic crises and political and religious variables , and try not to
reach the lower limits of poverty and destitution.

Reckon ((Aq Sunqur)) Seljuk of the important personalities in the history of
ruler of the Emirate of Halab after they suffered long years of Halab, a first Seljuki
complete chaos by rulers conflict and recruited plots and Hired the major powers in
the region, caliphs Abbasid Baghdad and Fatimid state in Egypt, which made a big
impact in reality and in view of the known for his courage, intelligence and good
measure, Led to prosperity and make it a magnet, attracting the areas nearby As a
result of superiority over his peers in the Seljuk tiles Elevated an important place
and the distinctive to the majesty ((Malikshah)) because of his loyalty and devotion
to the latter make it enjoys is like mission has arrived to give him the title of the
Subdivision the state any partner, a the title has not been granted to any person by
judgment at all, prompting this hostility brother majesty means that Share
Malikshah ((Touch)) who wanted the majesty to himself, causing him to eventually
collide with ambitions and because of the betrayal suffered by ((Aq Sankar)) signed
prisoners but ((Touch)) for the latter to kill him, ending a period of stability and

There is no doubt that the regional role of Iraq after the ninth in
April of 2003 differs in Aalyate and his tools with him before this
date to considerations of regime change , and change the nature of
the balances regional and international in the Middle East and the
Arabian Gulf , and what Iraq was an integral part , of the Arab
system , but is part vital and important where , any attempt to
truncate this part , both for its removal or staying away from it will
result in the risk of negative effects on Iraq and the Arab system
alike, and this is what happened in the last stage due to
circumstances experienced by Iraq and the conditions of military
occupation by coalition forces, foreign in 2003 , and followed by the
deterioration in the security situation , which resulted in the decline ,
and then the absence of diplomatic presence , political and Arab in
this country , which requires maximum efforts by all parties involved
in this matter in order to fill the vacuum caused by the absence of
Arab Iraqi arena

Communication is the most important characteristic of human social
interaction. Thus, two models of communication are discussed; code and
inferential models. According to the code model, communication is achieved by
encoding and decoding messages. Whereas according to the inferential model,
communication is achieved by the communicator providing evidence. Thus,
This study makes a comparison between Grice‘s and Sperber and Wilson‘s
model of communication in terms of inferential model and context in order to
arrive at a better understanding of the nature of human communication and find
out which theory can enrich the research of pragmatics, and in the description of
communication which term intention, inference, evidence, effect or relevance is
more common sensational.
The problem is that should the code model and inferential model be
amalgamated and if so which inferential theory can be unified with the message
model.
Consequently, it is hypothesized that the code model and inferential model
are not incompatible. They are complementary since they can account for
interaction of linguistic meaning and contextual factors in utterance
interpretation.

The early years of the twentieth century were considered as the most
significant years in the history of England. Many changes took place.
There was a rapid advance in science and technology, education
expanded, and the state of women improved a great deal. Yet, on the
other hand, England also witnessed the break out of two devastating
world wars, World War I (1914-1918) and World War II (1939-1945).
One of the major literary figures of this period is David Herbert
Lawrence (1885-1930). He is a prolific writer, with his output of novels,
short stories, poems, plays, essays, translations and travel books. In his
work he has reflected his ideas, beliefs and philosophy."The Virgin and
the Gipsy" is one of his well known novels. It deals with a virgin‟s
affection for a gipsy. In this novel Lawrence has used many symbols to
convey his beliefs.
Therefore, the aim of this study is to shed the light on the major
symbols that Lawrence has used and the purpose of using them.
The research contains an introduction in which the term
''symbolism'' is defined. Whereas, the body of the research deals with
Lawrence's major symbols in "The Virgin and the Gipsy". The conclusion
will sum up the findings of the research

The present research paper addresses the presentation of the thoughtprocess within the speech event illustrated in My Last Duchess (1842) by Robert
Browning (1812-1889). Consequently, the paper will make a criƟcal analysis of the
main poetic interlocutor’s mind- style. Thus, the speech event in the poem, and
therefore the mental pattern, express verbally the Duke’s moral weakness, As
such, the study of Browning’s style can reveal the implicit guilt within the poem’s
sign system of the well-articulated utterances embracing the embedded
narrative. Browning organized his stylistic resources to concentrate on the
supremacy of certain key- words, which embrace the inner meanings. His style is
an effective poetic discourse manipulated in ways that signal it as different from
ordinary, non- poetic language, even though the material of the poet may be an
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exceptional topic like the marginalization of women. He can rarely be called a
didactic poet. However, his style in the selected poem exposes, explains, and
educates the readers about the conditions of women in Europe during the
Renaissance, preventing the victimized women from speech. More important
than the Duke’s eloquence is the Duchess that keeps silent. Her silence is more
eloquent.
It is the hypothesis of this paper that Browning’s distinguished style is
achieved by letting the oppressor of woman do the eloquent talking rather than
by letting the victimized woman speak. Thus, the poem discloses the real
marginalization of women. As such, the poetic style will create the speech event
where the speech presentation enables the addresser to send a message
(victimization) to an addressee (the recipient) via a code (the style of the poem).
The poetic style will turn into an integral part to support the poetic thesis, not
only the poetic image. The function of style in Browning is more organic and more
integrated with this kind of texture.
Hence, in the case of Browning, stylistics is the discipline most appropriate
to study the poetic elements and poetic features that trigger and play an
important role in passing the poet’s intention across to the recipient. This is
because the connection between the text and the context in Browning’s poetry is
a subtle and symbiotic alliance. The implications of this research are much related
to the manipulation of silence and speech in the art of conversation as
represented in the poetic discourse based on facts.

The research aims to monitor the relationship
between hang out and Muashah and hang out in Zajal
,in how full consistency between them in terms of
familiar or twings,was baptized researcher to track the
most important features that,and how that may Zjalan
Aloahin and diversified in Khrjathm are required
primarily have been divided researcher discussed the
three sections beginner boots and carried Almoshkh and
colloquial definition and hang out while the firest
section under the heading types kherjat in came the
second section under the heading to construction and
language in hang out with specialized topic last tags
yalphen

This research attempt to study the significance of the word context in the writings of the
ancients, Arab authors to see if they was carry connotations, and what they mean, it was the
intention of informing the Arabic is Abu Jaafar Annahas (D. 338), searched for the word (the
context) in his book (Eiarabb Al Qur'an), to learn its meaning, and refers to indications, we who
made it two sections; we in the first indication of language in context the dictionaries Arabic
language, knowledge of the significance of the term context when the owners of the lingual
Westerners to have proof when balancing their concept With their concept when copper. Then
our conventional understanding of the term senior Arab context, which missed the dictionaries,
terminology in the books of the rhetorical and fundamentalists and commentators wrote the
Koran.
Either the section other allocation for single indication when Annahas in his book
(Eiarabb Al Qur'an), which he has written in several places, trying to learn its meaning, and the
connotations of the concept of Annahas (the context). And we ended the most important
findings of the research findings.

This research the description of non-human (animal and concrete) in the
reading Arabic books of the primary stage and the description and the
achievement and the validity of accomplishes for the fifth and sixth in
primary stage for the important in the development and growth of the
lingual wealth and the development of their imagination.
The researcher for a bigger number of themes description which were
described in the books in the importance and vitality and the mentality of
the students and the environment. It leads to the development of the
capability on understanding and the expressive.
The study comes out to the results and recommendations and
suggestions, that could contribute the solutions and the treatment to the
themes of the study which was consisted in inclusion the Arabic reading
themes.

Two overall appearances together one of the permanent character
of an individual, the other his real feelings or assigned to a
particular moment of the action: the physiognomy and air. These
figures are considered a great importance to the narrative in the
work novelist.
physiognomy and air are of great importance and they are quite
numerous and a wide variety. The appearance in this novel selected
is sweet, charming, friendly, or rude, sad, evil
They expressed the feelings we experience and it serves to make
us believe we experience these feelings
The appearance is part of the essential elements that build the
narrative of the novel, it refers to all the characters and
character fits into the character portraits
In summary, when novelist wants to present to the reader a
character, he tries to make it fully intelligible, expressed by the
physical, the category to which it relates psychological type, the
general nature of traits that made him see.

We confirmed in this study on power relations in exchange for power
relations Unlike studies traditional organizational , and we have the
interpretation of force as a variable dependent versus interpreted as a
variable independent and therefore we connect between power and the
balance of format and accomplish the tasks and cooperate between subunits within the organization , and we knew the force as a determinant of
behavior and not as an exercise of oppression .
It turned out that the force characterize relations between the social
worker social one that we mean by an individual or organization or subunit within it can Acquires force in the context of social particular and on
the strength of less in the context of other social and therefore considered
force context or relationship with a particular person is not considered a
strong or colorless power in general , but as well be in relation to social
factors other within a social context specific or under the relationship of
certain social and divide tasks within organizations between the sections
and sub-units do not equal those units in the force , and what we
understand implicitly of this phrase is that the force is the phenomenon of
structural created by the division of labor and sub-units adapt to
fluctuations

Research aimed to explore/or to identify the main syndrome health and
Psychosocial problems causes through misuse of mobile phone and analyze
causes correlation between results of the observed responding assessments
towards of the dependent score and some of respondents characteristics as well
as creating a suggest score for studying the syndrome health and Psychosocial
problems that associated with misuse of mobile phone according to the observed
responding of the studied respondents.
Creating new questionnaire for the first time as far (as we know) to studying the
subject which had been considered as indicator or measurement scale to enable
the specialists for estimation the health defected amounts of misuse mobile
phone.
Validity and reliability had been proved with highly grade, internal consistency
attained for the observed responding was tested which indicated that a highly
reliable was presented and that pointed that the suggested questionnaire can be
applied for the same population under the same conditions in the future.
Several conclusions and recommendations were accomplished about of temerity
deficiency which resultant for misuse of mobile phone and accordance to the
positive and negative items.

Cultural intelligence has emerged by a group of specialist researchres in psychology and
administration. It refers to the individual ability of qualified interaction in situations characterized by cultural
variety. With the expansion of common careers scope across continents. the expansion of markets. negotiations.
and trade among people who belong to diverse cultures. the multiplicity of these interactions. our urgent need
for. and with the emergence of differences in subcultures whether in the east or west. an urgent need for
studying and developing abilities of acquisition of kind of sensitivity for the cultural diversities and the
constructive interaction with these diversities. has emerged. Social tolerance means liberating from hatred.
spite. and acceptance of the other who is different from us in opinion. thought and style of dealing with life.
Tolerance is considered one of the significant topics in the field of personality. It represents a lovely traie
involving love and cordiality among different groups a in one society or among several societies. It is a principal
necessity in communities life due to its positive effects especially in such society like Iraq: which consists of
different minorities and components.
The current research's problem is dealing with the possible effects of cultural intelligence in social
tolerance. It has also aimed at measuring the following:
1- "Cultural intelligence" of the Arabic Iraqi students in Saladen University.
2- "Social intolerance" of the Arabic Iraqi students in Saladen University.
3- The significance of statistical difference in social tolerance among the Arabic Iraqi students
in Saladen University. In accordance with the cultural intelligence.
The research's population has been limited by the Arabic Iraqi students who study in saladen
university in Irbeel. of the second. third and forth stages. and for both sexs in the academic year (2009- 2010).
Two scales has been developed. The first one was for the cultural intelligence that consists of (40)
items in its final form. Two kinds of validity have been obtained: face validity and construct validity. The
reliability had been obtained by cronbach's alpha which was about (0.90). and by split- half method which was
about (0.93).
The second scale was for social tolerance consisting of (29) items in its final form. Two kinds of
validity had been obtained: face validity and construct validity. The reliability has been about (0.76) by
cronbach's alpha and about (0.75) by split- half method.
The two scales have been applied on a sample of (300) male and female students. The research's
findings were:
1. The students have a degree of cultural intelligence higher than a medium.
2. The students have a medium degree of social tolerance.
3. The students of high level of Cultural Intelligence are more socially tolerated than those of
low level of Cultural Intelligence.
A set of suggestions and recommendations have been presented.