Diyala Journal of Human Research

Diyala University/College of Education for Human Sciences
This study addressed the governance of water resources in Diyala Governorate in addition to diagnosing and evaluating the strategy of water resources governance in the province as an important component of sustainable development, and the study concluded that water resources are considered one of the most important issues that occupied public opinion at the local and national levels with a view to enabling and sustaining the sustainable and optimal use of resources On the national level, the government has enacted a set of laws and legislations to protect water resources, as it has allowed effective management of the use of water resources in line with social and economic development trends and the protection of natural ecosystems, embodied in the development of indicators of the structural capabilities of water resources and the enhancement of the level of services, either after In 2003, these laws and legislations related to water and their application became ink on paper due to administrative corruption, weak institutional infrastructure and a deterioration in water governance systems, and this was reflected through unequal allocation of water resources and waste in use, increased levels of pollution, lack of transparency and inefficiency in water services, and they became governance and management Water resources matter Inevitable in order to achieve the needs of the present and the future in a sustainable way in addition to ensuring environmental protection.

in obstructing the internal political situation in Cambodia, and its impact on the political situation in it.
In 1970, Cambodia witnessed a military coup that cast a shadow on the Cambodian political reality, as that coup helped to violate the Cambodian life, which Sihanouk, the head of state, had always made great efforts in an attempt to preserve. Cambodian (1970-1975), which in turn affected the general situation in Cambodia politically, economically and socially, and the coup caused the intervention of foreign powers in Cambodia to maintain their interests in Southeast Asia.
الهــــــوامش
- Eyewitness Traval , Cambodia and Laos , L. Pex Printing Limited , London , 2011.39.

- John Tully , A short History of Cambodia from Empire to Survival , Au

This research examined examples of grammar terms through the study of terms in the science of the Prophet’s Hadith, as the researchers worked on studying and analyzing these terms through explaining their linguistic and idiomatic meaning, and explaining the relationship between the two stakeholders, including the term attribution, alternation, assertiveness, and predication. This study was appended with a conclusion and results, list of margins, reliable sources and references.

imperative for the grammarians to have evidence on which to base their rules and assets and then measure them. There is no doubt that the Quran readings were the first article in the complexity. Thus, it is hard finding a grammatical book without the Quran as a large share of inference. From the book of Sibawayh to this day, the verses of Surat Al-Baqarah have been a rich aspect of the inference, varying in the grammatical between multiplier and less. Then they supported the grammatical rule, including what was heard from the words of the Arab poetry and prose, inferred to prove that the Quran came to the Sunnis of the Arabs in her words, has been devised from the rules of grammar Al-Baqarah will refer to some of briefing.

This research seeks to study a number of rare morphological structures that appeared in modern Arabic vernaculars, and these structures deserve to be highlighted. ; To show the extent of its conformity with the classical language, and the nature of the studied material required dividing the research into two sections, the first for the structures of nouns, and the second for the structures of verbs, and then concluded the research with a conclusion that included the findings of the research from the results

This research attempts to present a critical study, on the foundations on which Sheikh Jalal Al-Hanafi’s efforts were based, in refining and re-codifying the Arabic proposals, in his book (Al-Awdaat, his refinement and re-writing), and the results of those efforts. Efforts of contemporary scholars, researchers and critics, seeking to present the new and advanced in the field of Arabic prosody, so that this science is in harmony with the changes of the times, and shakes off the dust of closure and stagnation. Opinions of the poets about the complexities and difficulties of performances, the stages of poetic cutting, between facilitation and difficulty, types of poetic weights, and poetic evidence of Sheikh Hanafi, then the conclusion came to include the findings of the research.

study sample).
2. Identifying the differences in the level of self-compassion among students (the students who lost the father and their Not the losersin (.
3.Identify the differences in the level of self-pity according to the gender variable (males, females.(
The sample consisted of (200) male and female students, of which (105) were students without a father, as well as (95) students who were not lost in the schools affiliated to the Baqubah Center. A scale was built on the basis of the theory of Christine Neff and it consisted of (23) items distributed On its three domains, and it was applied to the sample in the first half of the academic year (2018-2019). The research reached the following results:
1. The level of the individual sample's sense of self- compassion is generally high.
2. The students who lost my father and their non-lost peers have a high level of self- compassion.
And that there are no statistically significant differences between them on the measure of self- compassion.
3.There are statistically significant differences between males and females on the scale of self- compassion and in favor of females.

The current research aims to identify ...
1. Optimistic bias among university students.
2. The significance of the differences among university students. According to the gender variable (male, female) and major (scientific, human).
The research sample consisted of (400) male and female students from Diyala University students: (200) males and (200) females. They were chosen by stratified random method. An optimistic bias scale consisting of (34) items was built after checking the statistical characteristics, validity, reliability and factor analysis. The reliability coefficient Alpha Cronbach was(0,81), while the reliability by test method was (0,80). The study results were extracted using statistical methods. As it was found that, the current study sample has an optimistic bias. There are no statistically significant differences according to the variables of gender and specialization

There is no statistical difference at the significance level, (0,05 ) betwee the average score of the experimental group who study the history of Europe and America in the modern and contemporary according to the strategy of research and investigations and the average score of students control group who study the same subject according to the usual method in the test of intelligent thinging after.
The researcher Formulated (181)behavioral goals according to Blooms six levels of knowlegge
Adopted the intelligent thinking test prepared by the Iraq(2018) The researcher
In light of the resultsm the researcher concluded a number of conchusions , including that the researcher strategy of research and investigations are appropriate to teach the histor of Europe and America in the modern and contemporary .and recommended a number of recommendations>including the need to include the Ministry of Education curriculum activities that stimulate thinking in general and thinking in particular, Some suggestions suggested asimilar study in other stages of study,such as primary

In our research entitled (The slave trade between Mamluks and Europeans in the books of Aziz Suriyal Attia - a critical historical study) we dealt with the meaning of slave language and idiom, how the Mamluk state was able to stand on the shoulders of these slaves brought from different places and nationalities, and about the role of European merchants in transporting them to Egypt. And because of the importance of this topic and its implications for the life of Mamluk society and the state, and the important historical events that accompanied that. Aziz Suriyal Attiyah wrote about him, explaining the emergence of the Mamluk state from these slaves, and the infamous trade that was taking place between the Mamluk sultans and European merchants to transport them to Egypt, which was in constant need of them.

rhetorical theories and it tended to formulate such concepts according to a different methodical form. The form that resorts to renewal and modernity accompaniment in dealing with (rhetorical broadening). Further, it conducted an interactive contact of the rhetorical image highlighting its impact on making radical variations which in turn brought forth the flexibility and capability of assenting in the field of interpretative meanings and their revived relations .

economic and political development issues which are closely related to population and their social problems. In this regard, this paper is carried out to determine the relationship between the study variables of; population size, geographical area and population density and their relation to the size and intensity of crimes in terms of the districts in Diyala province during 2017.
The specification of crime regions is one of the modern methods used in the development of social policies, based on the spatial distribution of social phenomena and problems, down to the adoption of a spatial policy that commensurate with the concentration and description of the problem in specific areas. Thus, geographical research contributes to the development of detailed social policies which commensurate with such geographical distribution. In more precise terms, adopting a spatial policy (area-based policies) commensurate with the concentration of the problem of crime in a particular geographical area and its intensity.

Diyala University/College of Basic Education
Humanity has developed during the past forty years, modifying its development in the past four hundred years, and this information revolution has produced a tremendous development in electronic dealing with all human activities, including economic activity, in the spread of the phenomenon of electronic commerce, after it is the contemporary form of the concept of the transfer of capital, goods and services between parts of the globe. And the extent to which this transition is compatible with the legal provisions of the doctrine of Islamic economics, and the regulation of the transfer of capital, goods and services in accordance with the doctrine of Islamic economics, and in a manner that contributes to the formation of cumulative capital, by imposing the existence of an Islamic state whose members apply - in their lives - Islamic Sharia, and not discussing affairs in countries Not Islamic

This research deals with the study of the dominant vengeance on poets in the pre-Islamic and Islamic eras, which has imposed the centrality of its presence and infiltrated the threads of its influence on the fabric of the analytical method, with its different modes of operation. This is considered the most dominant and most dangerous revenge of the Arab poet to this day. Rot and decay), and the phenomenon of his request generate psychological suffering when the poet, as revenge is not in accordance with certain laws and rules

The climatic water balance of water has shown , according to Najib Kharoufa's equation , after being applied to the research area, that there is a disparity in the rates of evaporation and transpiration monthly and and every season for the period(1989-2018).This, however, amounts to a total evaporation / transpiration in Khanaqin station has reached(1492)ml per year. The highest rate of evaporation and transpiration in July amounted to (219)ml. with water deficit of (-219)mm. The lowest rate, though, in January totaled(39)ml, with water deficit of (-7,6)ml. As for Al-Khalis station, it recorded the highest rate of evaporation and transpiration in July and at a rate of(274)ml, with water deficit of(-274)ml, while the lowest rate was recorded in January with(45)ml, And with water deficit of (-24.5)ml, and a water. The yearly total amount of evapotranspiration and/or transpiration was at (1757)ml, whereas the seasonal variation was at the highest in Khanaqin and Al-Khalis stations in the summer, i-e-(256.7, 209) ml, respectively. After wards, the evaporation starts to rate low gradually, especially in the summer at a rate of (124 , 114)ml, while the evaporation and /or transpiration in spring was put at(153 , 131)ml, However, in the winter, the rate falls to the lowest, i-e- (52 , 43.3)ml. at the same stations. On the basis of all that, the water needs required for agricultural crops in the summer recorded higher than the water needs required in the winter.
This variation, however, is shown through the water consumption for the sugar cane crop at the area of study according to climatic conditions, the nature of soil, the type of crop and the agricultural season. the total consumption of water required for the sugar cane at the area of study atKhanaqin station and at Khalis station was put at (1453 , 1228.9)ml. It is to be noted that in July, the highest water consumption for the crop was estimated at (260.3 , 208.1)ml, while the lowest rate was (29.2 , 25.3)ml, as recorded during the early stages of growth and for the same stations.
It is apparent, though, that the field losses of sugar cane at the stations of Khanaqin and Khalis was estimated at(581.2 , 491.5)ml. and as for the transport losses, they were put at (436.1 , 368.6)ml, at the same stations. There

school students, the significance of the statistical differences in school communication among middle school students according to the variable of gender and specialization, and to achieve these goals, the researcher adopted the Julia Wood scale (Julia Wood, 2001), prepared according to the behavioral theory of Skinner's Behavioral Theory, 1938, to measure school communication, and the apparent and structural validity of the tool was extracted, and the stability was verified by the Alpha Cronbach method, and the reliability coefficient reached (0.51), while the stability of the tool was by the re-test method (0.85).
The scale was applied to a sample of (400) male and female students who were chosen by the stratified random method, and the research data was statistically processed using the statistical package (SPSS).
The research reached the following results:
1 - There is a school contact for middle school students.
2 - There is a statistically significant difference in school communication according to the gender variable and in favor of males.
3 - There is a statistically significant difference in school communication according to the variable of academic specialization and in favor of the scientific specialization.
اولا: المصادر العربية :

Diyala University
Collage of Education for Humanities
Department of History
Keywords: before Islam, priests, their economic implications
Priests occupy a distinctive place in the life of Arabs before Islam, and due to the importance of religious life, Arabs are distinguished by their faith and great sanctity towards the gods. Therefore, he placed himself, his body, his family and all his possessions under the protection of the gods, believing that the gods would protect him.
Therefore, it can be said that the role of priests arose from here believing that priests are the means of communication between people and God. And for this reason, the priests took advantage of some things by claiming to know the unseen and predicting the future, and their control over the jinn, so people did not do anything except by referring to the priests.
Accordingly, the priests sought to exploit the people and m

Education for Humanities
The paper focused on the study of the debates of the Imams (peace be upon them) in terms of their various aspects, analyzing their curricula, the aims that were intended in such debates, and the various methods of inference used by Imams (peace be upon them) in these debates such as the logical, mental and proof reasoning, which played a great role in educating people as well as spreading Islam, removing doubts and correcting misconceptions in the Islamic society in addition to the dispersion of different sciences and fields of knowledge and building human beings on strong and sober principles. Hence the significance of this study is in transferring the valuable ethical and scientific aspects and benefiting from them at the present time.

Diyala University/ College of Education for Pure Sciences
The aim of this research is to study the phenomenon of levels in science, the Noble Qur’an and the honorable Sunnah of the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon its owner, and to suggest educational and social applications for it, addressing the educational and social reality in Iraq and the rest of the countries that have suffered from wars and their bad results. The researcher recommended the responsible authorities to study the research and work on applying it as an incentive for reform and a step for reconstruction in the service of society and the educational process, and suggested completing the study of the subject with its various aspects and its many branches

Our study of the city in the poetry of the poet Haider Mahmoud is not limited to describing the city with its traditional, well-known character, but the study tends towards the effectiveness of the city as the same as the poet lives and meets with it as a cultural product that is consistent with the poet's sense of more accurate and deeper details. The city of Mosul, and this word is not possible from very ancient civilizational and cultural references ... it represents the poet the entire country and all its details. And in her human being ... The study also shows the ability of the city as a social place in which the conditions of the human self fluctuate and what it bears with the emotions and feelings of the volatility of its threatening existential situation throughout the ages. The poet Haider Mahmoud focuses his enormous emotions on lavish artistic images in painful contemplation in the reality of the city that is considered the cradle, the mother, the land of the sun and beauty ... and he looks at its ruin in the new dark era ... by the barbarians of the new world. The research consists of several axes ... an attempt by the researchers to approach the texts critically as recipients of the text, looking for beauty areas in it ... through the introspection of the poet and the same city.

The social worker was assigned a random sample of (65) students, and the students were divided into two homogeneous groups, the first being experimental and their number (10) students. The counseling program was applied, and the other was control and their number was (10) students. The scale was adopted (Al-Khayyat, 2014) Social pain. Stopping the thinking that the researcher had prepared and the number of sessions reached (12 sessions). The results indicated the effect of the counseling program in reducing social pain, as there are no statistically significant differences at the level of (0.05) between the grades of the control group in the two tests Before and after, there are no statistically significant differences at the level of (0.05) between the grades of the experimental group before and after the application of the program. There are no statistically significant differences at the level of (0.05) between the scores of the experimental and control groups in the post-test. The results include a number of conclusions, recommendations and suggestions .

هدف البحث الحالي الى معرفة درجة امتلاك معلمي الطلبة ذوي الإعاقة الفكرية لكفايات الإدارة الصفية في مكة. ولتحقيق أهداف البحث الحالي استخدم الباحث المنهج الوصفي، إذ قام الباحث بإعداد مقياس لمعرفة درجة امتلاك معلمي الطلبة ذوي الإعاقة الفكرية لكفايات الإدارة الصفية، وتكّون المقياس من (أربعة) أبعاد رئيسية تكونت من (سبع وثمانين) فقرة، وتم استخراج دلالات الصدق والثبات اللازمة للمقياس.

The research focuses on studying the impact of human factors on the cultivation and production of the yellow corn crop in Diyala Governorate, represented by public hands, fertilization, possible, transportation and marketing. The yellow corn crop is compatible with the requirements of the crop, and it also showed the variation in the cultivation of the yellow corn crop in the study area, but the number of pullers and agricultural machines are not commensurate with the cultivated area, which leads to a delay in the date of plowing, and its reflection on the quantity and type of production, especially that the yellow corn crop is exposed to diseases And moisture, if it is delayed from the date of planting, and the study showed that the lack of the allocated amount of chemical fertilizers urea and compound, and in line with the actual need for the crop according to modern scientific foundations.

Emotional deprivation has a very big impact on the adolescent’s personality and actions in terms of his sense of security, belonging and love for those around him, and that the lack or deprivation of the individual of love and kindness results in a person who is indifferent to his actions and always seeks rebellion and aggression and does not comply with values and social and moral systems and becomes a person unable to adapt With his society, he is an abnormal person and needs help. Therefore, the researcher wanted to study this problem, and the problem can be formulated by the following question (what is the relationship of emotional deprivation with the moral character of middle school students), and the most prominent objectives of the research were measuring emotional deprivation among middle school students and measuring the moral character of middle school students, and knowing the relationship between emotional deprivation and personality Ethics among middle school students.

Language learning process builds on prior knowledge and what learners already know about certain topic, including terms and concepts, provides them with a foundation base for moving forwards and construct meaning. Making such connections to the text they are reading increases comprehension and helps them to be metacognitive. Such a process can be best achieved through applying a variety of classroom strategies for activating prior knowledge, or schema, which helps set a stage for new terms, concepts to be presented. Moreover, such strategies would help increase learners' engagement in classroom activities which involve their participation.

تبحث هذه الورقة في تقنية pastiche باعتبارها تقنية ما بعد الحداثة التي يتم تطبيقها بشكل جيد في Caryl Churchill's Vinegar Tom (1976). إنه أمر حاسم عند التعامل مع جمالية ما بعد الحداثة الجمالية لكل من pastiche والسطحية. باستيش

The paper is a demodulator quoted from an M.A. thesis entitled A Psycholinguistic Study of Iraqi EFL University Students' Self –Identity. It tries to find out whether or not EFL learning affects Iraqi EFL university students' motivation and their attitude towards EFL. First, the paper presents a brief presents a brief theoretical framework of attitude and motivation including their types and components. Second, to select the required data, a questionnaire has been exposed to 200 respondents to indicate the changes in their attitudes, feelings, behaviors as a consequence of studying EFL. A number of respondents have also been interviewed to find out their opinion about the phenomenon under study. The study findings show that EFL considerably influences Iraqi EFL university students' attitude towards EFL.

الصراع أمر لا مفر منه بالنسبة الى البشر. إنه جزء من الطبيعة البشرية. تعتبر الصراعات الداخلية على وجه الخصوص جزءًا لا يتجزأ من الحياة اليومية للإنسان. ان مفهوم الصراع الداخلي يعتبر أساسا لجميع تقاليد علم النفس ، بما في ذلك نظرية التحليل النفسي لسيغموند فرويد (1923/1942). تكتسب تطبيقات التحليل النفسي على الأعمال الأدبية أهمية في السنوات الأخيرة. لذلك ، تعتبر نظرية التحليل النفسي طريقة فعالة للغاية لتحليل صراع "الإنسان مقابل الذات" في رواية نادي القتال .

Machiavellianism is an egotistic human demeanor. Its essence is expediency, opportunism, and reaching specific goals by various means and tricks, regardless of its righteousness or appropriateness to the prevailing societal and ethical norms and traditions. The maxim of this conduct is the end justifies the means. As a term, Machiavellianism is associated with the name of the 16th-century Italian thinker Niccolò Machiavelli and his debatable treatise The Prince. This research tackles the theme of Machiavellianism in one of Michael Dobbs’s most celebrated novels, which is House of Cards (1989). House of Cards exemplifies a pragmatic appliance of Machiavelli’s doctrine. The author genuinely portrays the blind pursuit and thirst for power by politicians and offers the reader a character that represents the zenith of contemporary Machiavellianism.

The internet technology and social media are more prevalent nowadays because of the big influence they have brought to social life. These definitely change the way we communicate to the extent that they facilitate the interactions between people. In fact, the use of emoji is important because it changes the writing system of instant messaging in computer mediated communication to compensate for the lack of paralinguistic devices such as gestures, body language and facial expressions. This paper studies the pragmatic function of emoji which is one of the most widespread techniques that is brought up with the new technology. However, misunderstanding which occurs in written communication due to the lack of non-verbal means calls for looking for new device, i.e. emoji. This may help to give the correct interpretation when emojis are associated with written messages on the Instagram. Emojis on Instagram corpus are categorised and analysed within the main structure of Yus‘s (2014) eight-function taxonomy. These can be abbreviated into 'attitude signal' 'attitude intensity enhancer' illocutionary force modifier' 'humor' 'irony' 'emotion signal' 'parallel emotion signal' 'emotion intensity enhancer'. The results show that emojis can be analysed due to this taxonomy. In addition, the participants in different comments use these functions, and each emoji adds a new meaning to the utterance, which helps in showing the feelings and attitudes of the participants.