Diyala Agricultural Sciences Journal

This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of the addition of fenugreek seeds (F.S) to the Japanese quail males ration on semen quality and testis histological traits. A total of 28 males (125 day old) divided into four groups (7 males/group) and treated as follow T1 =control group reared on standard ration,T2 = standard ration supplemented with 5gm F.S /kg , T3= standard ration supplemented with 10gm F.S /kg, T4= standard ration supplemented with 15gm F.S /kg . Semen samples were assessed after four weeks of treatment as regards ejaculation volume , spermatozoa motility ,viability and semen concentration and testis traits which involved testis weight , seminiferous tubules diameter(S.D), seminiferous tubules lumen diameter (L.D) germinal layer thickness (G.T) and germinal layer area(G.A) and seminiferous tubules lumen area (L.A) . Results revealed that the treatment (T2,T3 and T4) resulted a significant (p≤ 0.05) improvement in ejaculation volume , spermatozoa motility ,viability and semen concentration in comparison with control group (T1) . The testis weight , seminiferous tubules diameter, germinal layer thickness and germinal layer area showed significant increase (p≤ 0.05)in fenugreek seeds groups as compared with control group. Seminiferous tubules lumen diameter and lumen area were increased significantly in control group as compared with the fenugreek seeds treatment .In conclusion , the supplementation of F.S to the Japanese quail males ration will improve semen quality traits and sustain the histological traits of the testis.

Group of animal consist of 300 Awassi ewes, 32 rams and 322 offspring were typed for blood potassium and hemoglobin, HK gene frequencies for ewes, rams, and lambs were of the order of 0.89, 0.93 and 0.88, respectively; for the HbB gene the corresponding frequencies were related 0.98, 1.00 and 0.99, respectively. B HK (High potassium, Hb type B) ewes showed a significantly higher lambing percentage, fleece weight, fiber diameter, fleece wax percentage and alkali solubility percentage, 98.5%, 20kg, 29.6µ, 2.2% and 7.6% corresponding with related 95.5%, 1.8kg, 28.6µ, 1.8% and 7.1% of B LK type respectively. B LK (Low potassium, Hb type B) ewes produced significantly more female lambs while B LK lambs, compared with B HK ones, had significantly higher birth and weaning weights. The association between B HK types and fitness was proposed as the explanation of the high gene frequency of this type.

Serratia plymuthica isolates were obtained at 20 isolates out of 40 water samples from Diyala river, Baquba city ,these isolates were tested for sensitivity against 10 different antibiotics .The results showed that the isolates have littlie resistance to Nitrofurantion(N),Chloramphenicol(C) and Streptomycin(S ), but they were giving whole activity (100%) toward Amoxicillin (AMX), Ampiclocx,(AM ) and Cephalothin(CF) antibiotics. Active of these isolates was selected to purify glutaminase through several stages of purification including (ammonium sulfate precipitation ,ion exchange by DEAE- cellulose, and gel filtration by sephadex G-100). The stock solution of these antibiotics was mixed with purified enzyme respectively The results showed that the activity was reduced to zero by using the ,(AM ) , Metronidazole, (CF) ,Erythromycin, and Rifampicin . On the other hand the Tetracycline and (C) were raised the specific activity of glutaminase to 10.8 I.U./mg and 15.31 U.I./mg respectively in the comparison with the control ( 3.1 I.U./mg ).

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a syndrome of metabolic disease characterized by hyperglycemia, resulting from deficiency of insulin secretion or insulin action or both, and results in abnormal metabolism of carbohydrate, protein, and fat. Because diabetic patients suffer from lingering infections, the aim of this study was to determine the functions of serum complement and its relationship with immunoglobulin profiles in patients with type 2 DM. A total of 57 patients and 30 healthy volunteers were included in this study with age range between 34 - 63 years among patients group and age range between 30 - 61 years among control group . The results of the study showed that the mean duration of disease for diabetic patients was found to be 10.25 year (±5.92). Serum IgG , IgM and IgA were measured by single redial immunodiffusion method , also complement components C3 and C4 were measured by single redial immunodiffusion method. In the type 2 DM patients, the results of immunoglobulin profiles IgG, IgM and IgA were found to be significantly lowered (p<0.05) in comparison with healthy control group whereas the levels of C3 and C4 were higher significantly decreased (p<0.001) in comparison with healthy control group. The results of this study indicate that serum complement and immunoglobulins activities was impaired in type 2 diabetic patients , so as result to decrease of immune response which might be a cause for delayed wound healing and repeated infections.

This study was achieved on 20 mature female rat, ten of them were exposed to electromagnetic field of 104µT for 30 minutes daily for 21 days. The other ten rats served as control .Blood samples were collected from treated and control rats as well. Results revealed that there were significant.(p<0.05) decrease in progesterone, total serum protein, RBC count, PCV and Hb concentration . There were significant (p< 0.05) increase in thyroxine,T3, serum cholesterol and total WBC count. Statically magnetic field also caused an increase in estrogen but not for the significant level.

Five sorghum varieties (Milo, Kafir, Durado, Rabihe and Ingath),were grown in a field experiment at Al-Khalis station research . spring and autumn seasons of 2008 The aim of the study was to investigate the relationships between grain filling duration (GFD) and sorghum grain yield. This experiment was planted as a randomized complete block design(R.C.B.D.) with three replications. The results showed that significant positive correlations of (GFD) were found among (GFD) with days number to 50% anthesis ,number of days to physiological maturity and grain yield . Significant positive correlation was also noticed among days to 50% anthesis, days number to physiological maturity and grain yield. The linear regression coefficient between grain yield and days to 50% anthesis indicates an increase (22.392, 9.483 kg.ha-1) in grain yield for each additional day required for (GFD).

Blood samples (26)were collected from patients with neoplasia from the oncology center in Basrah and (4) from healthy people as control group ,all these submitted to Single Radial Immunodiffusion test (SRID for IgG and IgM ) , the results showed a higher level in both types The average of IgG level was 1136.2 mg\dl in comparison with the control group 1003.8 mg\dl , while IgM level reached to 181 mg\dl in comparison with the control group 155.4 mg\dl.

The study evaluated the effect of selected Oleandrin and methonolic extraction of Nerium oleander on the microtubule network of H22 cells line (hepatic cell) GFP tubulin labeled . Cells were treated with watery extract and methonolic extraction at various concentration from 0.01 µ/ml to 10m/ml for 60 min , , microtubules were detected by mean of indirect immunfluorescence. the damage was examined in afluorescnce microscope . Therapeutic effect of both extracts was studied in tumor-bearing mice after (I.P) administration of watery extract at concentrations of methonolic (16.5 , 8.1, 4.1mg/kg) and methonoloic extract at concentrations (20, 10, 5 mg/kg) for 30 days alternatively. The results revealed significant reduction in the tumor volume weather in those treated with watery extract 84.09%, or those treated with alcoholic extract 86.07%, particularly at the concentration of 16.5 mg/kg and 20 mg/kg respectively .

This experiment was conducted in private farm during the periods 21/9/2009 to 17/11/2009 using one hundred and twenty one- day old chicks of broiler Ross breed , unsexed and Ad. libitum feeding during two periods, starter (4weeks) and finisher (4weeks) ,the chicks were divided randomly to two treatments with three replicates for each treatment , every replicate contain 20 birds. The treatments of this experiment as follow as :( T1) take pipe city water as drinking water all period of experiment ( T2) take well water as drinking water all period of experiment ( 8weeks) . Measurements included, live body weight , weight gain , feed consumption , feed conversion ratio , dressing percentage , relative weight of carcass cuts ( thigh, breast) , relative weight of liver, heart, spleen and kidney. Estimate daily consumption average of the water, through the week 4,8 from the old of the birds . Results indicated no significant differences between two treatments in live body weight , weight gain, feed consumtion,feed conversion ratio, dressing percentage, relative weight of thigh and relative weights of liver , heart , spleen and kidney through two periods of study . But the results indicated significant increasing (p< 0.05 ) in relative weight of breast and daily consumption average of the water for the bird for the second treatment (T2) in week 4,8 from the old ( p< 0.01) , (p< 0.05) respectively. This study about this well water by this characteristics refer to can use for drinking water for broiler during no pipe city water without negative effects on productive performance of broiler.

This study was carried out at the Sheep and Goat Research Station, State Board for Agricultural Research (20 km west of Baghdad), and over period from 1/1/2010 to 1/10/2010 using 94 records produced by 48 ewe (39 Local Awassi , 9 Turkish Awassi sheep ) were analyzed statistically. The aim of the investigate the study of some factors effect in some production traits (yield milk production-YMP , total milk production –TMP and lactation period- LP) The overall mean for the YMP , TMP and LP 0.883 kg , 108.38 kg and 116.18 kg respectively. Breed were significantly effect (p<0.05) in YMP and LP (advantage in Local Awassi compare with Turkish Awassi), but No significant effect have been noted in LP. Age of dam had highly significant effect (p<0.01) in YMP , TMP and LP. The sex of lamb was significantly effect in YMP and TMP. Type of birth , state of parturition and month of parturition no significant effect in production traits in this study (YMP , TMP and LP). Weight of dam significantly effect (p<0.05) in YMP , TMP and LP.

The results of purification of urease was extracted from local isolates Proteus vulgaris Pv12 showed the specific activity 33.33 unit / mg protein by ammonium sulfate with ( 25- 50 ) % percentage of saturated , and specific activity 109 . 68 unit / mg protein , purified 60.03 fold and 55.3% of yield by DEAE sepharose , While the results indicated the specific activity 175.09 of unit / mg protein , purified 90.25 fold and 36.55% of yield by sephacyl S200chromatograghieles . Using buffer (PEM) 20mM With 7.5 pH. Molecular weight of enzyme was about 215000 Dalton determined by gel filtration. The results indicated the isoelectric point of purified urease that extracted from Proteus vulgaris Pv12 was 5.3.

This experiment was carried out to find out the best fattening period and optimal level of protein in fattening rations and studied their effects on live body parameters of lambs.Thirty Awassi lambs (males) with age (5-6 months) which were used in animal field that belongs to Animal Resources Dept.,College of Agriculture and Forestry,Mosul University.This experiment that dealt with different fattening periods namely(1-55),(1-85),(1-115) days and different levels of protein that were 12.04, 14.26, 16.21% in fattening rations of lambs.The statistical analysis results showed that there were a high significantly effect (P≤0.01) of fattening periods on live body weight and dimensions of lambs.The average of live body weight were 36.18,39.72,47.34 kg, chest girth were equal 72.50,78.38,85.61cm,abdomen girth were 81.11,84.55,90.38 cm,fore body height were 60.16,63.86,66.72cm,rear body height were 62.55,65.90,69.00cm,fore body thickness were 15.66,18.51,22.61 cm,rear body thickness were 19.33,22.71,25.11cm and body length were 55.00,59.42,61.97 cm respectively.While the protein level in fattening rations the statistical analysis of results appeared that there were a high significantly effect (P≤0.01) of protein level on live body weight and its dimensions of lambs.The average of live body weight were 38.88, 40.87, 43.50 kg, chest girth were equal 77.16, 78.22, 80.61cm, abdomen girth were 83.05, 85.86, 87.14 cm, for body height were 62.00,63.34,65.40cm,rear body height were 64.34,65.77,67.33cm,fore body thickness were 16.97,19.05,20.76cm,rear body thickness were 21.16, 22.60, 23.39 cm and body length were 57.03,58.96,60.40 cm respectively.As for the interaction between the fattening period and protein level in diet the results of statistical analysis showed that there were a high significantly differences of interaction (p≤0.01) on all traits above of live body weight and its dimensions of lambs.In conclusion,we found an increase by fattening period with high protein level in diet that leads to the important improvement of body weight and its measurements of Awassi lambs

The aim of the study to determine the role of sulfur and Quality of irrigation water on some properties of calcareous soil and growth of wheat .The experiment was carried out on silt Loam-calcareous soil. Plastic pots were used and sulfur was applied at four levels (0،200،400 and 600)mg.kg-1 soil. Each pot was planted with 30 seeds of wheat and irrigated with three levels salinity water (fresh water (Ece 0.65 ds.m-1) ground water (Ece 1.58 and 2.39 ds.m-1) to bring the moisture content to the field Capacity. The results showed areduction of bulk density and ESP while saturated hydraulic conductivity ,percent of wheat seedling emergence, plant height and 1000 grains weight were increased with increasing levels of sulfur, The level 600 mg of sulfur resulted in significant increase of hydraulic conductivity percent of wheat seedling emergence, plant height and 1000 grains weight to (1.98 cm. hour-1,52%,48.84 and 29.1 gm) respectively as compared with the control which gave the lowest values (1.58 cm. hour-1,39.33% 46.66cm and 25.1gm ) . The bulk density, ESP and soil salinity were increased while hydraulic conductivity, the percent of wheat seedling emergence ,plant height and 1000 grains weight are decreased with the increasing salinity levels in the irrigation water

The study was conducted at College of Agric./Univ. of Baghdad to evaluate the efficiency of some isolated fungi and water extract of some organic manure in controlling Rhizoctonia solani on Tomato , showed that water extract of sewage wastes reduced significantly of R. solai growth. Results of tablature isolation showed presence of eight genus of fungi , Monilai sp., Alternaria sp. , Penicillium sp. , Macrophomina sp. , Trichoderma sp., Cylindrocarpon sp., Geotrichum sp. and Aspergillus sp. Trichoderma sp. showed high antagonistic degree against R. solai. Combination of isolated fungi from sewage waste, cows , sheep, horses and poultry achieved reduction in percentage of pre mergence damping off at rate of 30.13%,25.13%,26.35%, 23.43%,24.30% respectively and post mergence damping off at rate of 32.00%, 25.58%, 27.45%,25.83% and 26.13% respectively, roots disease index were reduced to 43.16%,33.52%, 81.20%, 32.40% and 32.50% respectively in contrast with control treatment which revealed 54.83% pre emergence, 56.95% post emergence and 85.17% disease index

The experiment was conducted in the field of Agriculture College / Diyala University in 2009 – 2008 to evaluate the effect of low and height speed of tractor on field capacity of moldboard plow triple body type (Aydinpulluk). Split plot design and complete randomized block design (CRBD) was used in this study. Two factors including two speed levels 2.16 and 7.44 Km / hr represent the main plot and three depths of plowing including 10, 15 and 20 cm represent sub plot were used in this study . Slippage percentage and field capacity were studied. The study shows that: - the field capacity is increased by 68.9% when increased the practical speed to all the depth. And the field capacity gave the best performance when the depth is decrease; while the slippage percentage was lease 15 % to all the speed and depth include allow permeation

Plots experiment was conducted with complete randomize design at Baladrooz – Diyala , during the season ( 2008-2009) , five Kg clay loam soil was put at each pot , Five seeds of wheat were planted per pot . The sources of nitrogen was used : ( Urea , Diammonium phosphate and Potassium nitrate ) and three levels of nitrogen to any fertilizer : ( 50 , 100 and 150 Kg N . ha-1) with three replicates . Results showed that significantly increase in plant length , branch number , leaves number , weight of straw , spikes number , grain number . spike-1 with increase of nitrogen levels . Effect of potassium nitrate fertilizer was significant on growth and productivity of wheat as comparison with urea and di ammonium phosphate fertilizers . Increase of straw weight was significantly in second and third levels of nitrogen as comparison with all treatments , during to surpass all levels of potassium nitrate fertilizer in plants length and grin number . spike-1 on all treatments , while the increase was significantly with third level of potassium nitrate in branch number , leaves number and spikes number, (pH) was significantly decreased with second level of diammonium phosphate fertilizer as comparison with levels of remainder of fertilizers , decrease of electrical conductivity and total of soluble salts with increase of nitrogen levels to all fertilizers were used in research , specialty in third level , and the minimum value to this characteristics with second level of Diammonium phosphate fertilizer.

The aim of the research was to determine the extension knowledge needs of farmers Date palm at Baldrouz District , and to determine the domains integration and to diagnosis the most important problems confronting the
farmers in the pollination process . Baldrouz District was chosen to do the research. Random sample of (40) framer of Data palm was selected . The questionnaire was used to collect date using personal interview . The results revealed that the level of extension knowledge needs of date palm pollination was medium. Appositive significant correlation between the extension knowledge needs and each of the variable studied included getting study, the importance of the crop in the yearly farmer agricultural income and the date palm cultivated area . It have been found the highest extension knowledge needs in pollination process show up in the domain of the effective factors at pollination process . The most important problem facing the farmers were depend on personal knowledge for doing the date palm pollination process . The research recommends the interest of the date palm and its productions with provide the date palm farmers with applied agriculture information about date palm pollination , that’s the important process of the date palm services .It is also recommended that is necessary for monitoring apply the scientific recommendation as a complete bundle especially recommendations of date palm pollination.

The research aims to study the reality of the production costs of fish farms and determine the optimal size of production and determining the area of optimal and comparable in size and space achieved already. The results showed that the cost of seed, pesticides and labor Landlord constitute a large proportion is 20% each of total variable costs total, followed by feed, accounting for 14% of the total variable costs total wages of irrigation, followed by treatment for each of them 10% from the total variable costs and transportation costs, accounting for 6% of the total variable costs of changing the college. Also, farmers do not achieve the optimal size of production 693 tons and must work to enable farmers to achieve sizes best-efficient by increasing the size of cultivated areas towards the areas best reached by the study, of 74 donm and through mergers or subscribe to or rent among farmers

This study focused on estimating levels of lead in samples of popular foods & drinks. The samples were collected from the sides of its street in Basrah. Lead was determined by atomic absorption spectrometry. Results showed accumulation of lead in some popular foods such as Falafel (0.32±0.083) PPm, hamburger ( 0.29±0.088) PPm , chick Peas (0.18±0.009) PPm, Shalgam Bolied (0.21±0.058) PPm and Boiled beans (0.22±0.047) PPm. The levels of lead in samples of popular drinks such as orange juice (0.56±0.097)PPm, Numi Basrah Juice (0.5±0.01), lemon juice (0.49±0.079)PPm, butter milk (0.5±0.1)PPm and Tea (0.44±0.099) PPm

An experiment was conducted At Al – Bu – Thiab Village , Ramadi , Anbar on Sandy clay loam soil during summer 2010 to investigate the effect of four levels of K fertilizer (0,40,80 and 120 kg . ha-1 )and four concentrations of B ( 0,100,200and 300 ppm ) on yield of a local cultivar of mung bean . A factorial experiment according to RCBD design was used with three replicates . Results showed that 80 kg K .ha-1 was significantly the best in plant height, pods\plant ,pod length and yield( 50.21cm,30.07pod \plant,9.44cm,and 1.24 ton.ha-1,respectively )comparison with control which gave the lower value of plant height, pod \plant ,pod length and yield. (44.23cm, 19.48 pod\ plant, 7.99 cm and 0.79 ton. ha-1) Application of B( .0,100,200 and 300 ppm). Caused significant increase in plant height, pods \ plant , pod length , seeds \pod and yield. The highest values were (51.16 cm , 32.10 pod \plant , 9.93 cm, 10.10 seed\ pod and 1.17 ton. ha-1. Respectively when B was sprayed at concentration of 200 ppm , while control hat the lowest values for the mentioned traits (43.42 cm ,20.07 pod\plant ,7.69 cm ,8.85 seed\pod and 0.87 ton .ha-1) ,respectively. Interaction between K fertilizer and B spray significantly affected yield .the highest yield (1.52 ton .ha-1 ) was in 80 K kg. ha-1 with 200 ppm B treatment. Superiority of the third level of both k and B over the highest level was noticed for most traits

The experiment was carried out in one of fields of Diyala governorate in 2010 by using knapsack sprayer to study two levels from (diameter of pipe of spraying gun rod 4and7 mm , number of strokes 6 and8 , slop angle of spraying gun rod 5and 45 degree) for their effecting on (discharge of sprayer, working width and practical productivity ,volume of liquid per donm)by using factorial experiment RCBD with three replications .Results indicated that there were different effects for factors on all characteristics included in the study .The diameter of spraying gun rod 7mm gave significant effect on discharge of sprayer, working width and practical productivity .The number of strokes 8 gave a significant effect in discharge of sprayer, working width and practical productivity but without effect for volume of liquid per donm . The slop angle of spraying gun rod 5degree showed a significant effect in work width and productivity .The slop angle of spraying gun rod 45 degree showed a significant effect in discharge and volume of liquid per don. From the interaction between the three factors we can see the interaction between diameter of pipe of spraying gun rod 7, number of strokes 8, slope angle of spraying gun rod 45 degree gave a significance effect in discharge. The interaction between diameter of pipe of spraying gun rod 7, number of strokes 8, slop angle of spraying gun rod 5 degree showed a significant effect in work width and productivity from the interaction between diameter of pipe of spraying gun rod 4, number of strokes 6, slop angle of spraying gun rod 45 degree showed a significant effect in volume of liquid per donm.

The study was conducted to study the of water extracts of some ornamental plants Ruta graveolens, Agaves sislana, Iris florintena in poupul bug insects, showed a significant difference in the average mortality percentage in the insects according to the kind of the extract and concentration. Ruta extract showed high relative toxicity giving a mortality on insects 72% in comparison with the Agave and Iris ( 62 and 60 %)at 9% concentration respectively.Toxicity values have also been studied 1, 0.65, 0.66 at the Ruta; agave; Iris respectively. showed a significant difference in the attraction and repellency responies the study also of the insects according to ptants and the extract concentration where Ruta plant showed a superior repellency effect on insects in comparison with the other plant extracts and the effect of interaction between kind of extract and concentration gave Ruta plant at 9% concentration highest repellency percentage reached 52.22%.

The study was carried out in Plant Tissue Culture laboratory Department of Horticulture and Landscape Design , College of Agriculture and Forestry , Mosul University , to propagate two Gladiolus cvs . "White prosperity" a white flowers and Mascany a red flowers by Tissue culture technique and using terminal and lateral dormant buds and cultured on MS medium supplemented with different concentrations of BA and rooting the shoots produced in vitro from cultured on MS medium supplemented with IBA at different concentrations , and to study the effect of sucrose levels and pp333 on corm production from rooted shoots . Data showed that White prosperity has significant differences compared with "Mascany" for most parameters . Terminal buds produced shoots more than lateral buds . Terminal buds cultured on MS medium supplemented with 0.5 mg / L BA gave the highest shoots number and length at initiation and multiplication stages . Treatment at 1 mg / L BA give highest corm number , Data showed 4.20 shoot / explant and average length 4.66 cm obtained from cultured terminal buds on MS medium supplemented with 0.5 mg / L BA and also from cultured terminal buds on MS medium supplemented with 0.5 and 1.0 mg / L BA for White prosperity cv. After eight weeks , while highest shoots number 2.60 shoot / explant and average length 3.00 cm obtained from cultured terminal buds of Mascany cv. on MS medium supplemented with BA at 0.5 mg / L . Highest percentage of rooting 90-100 % obtained from shoots cultured for two cv. With average root number 6 root / explant with. highest length 3.40 cm for White prosperity cv. from cultured on MS medium supplemented with 1.0 mg / L IBA , while root number 7.70 and
length 5.80 cm for Mascany cv. from cultured on the same medium , 4.0 cormlet obtained from planting rooted shoots on MS medium supplemented with 120 gm sucrose with 10 mg / l pp333 . The study explained that there were no significant differences between plants produced from corms produced in vitro or corms produced in field

This investigation was conducted during 2008-2009 ,in science department ,college of basic education ,Diyala university .In this study was used 3-Indoleacetic acid (IAA) , Naphthalene acetic acid (NAA), Gibberellic acid (GA3), Cytokinin (CK), Abcisic acid (ABA), Maleic hydrazed (MH) ,2- Vhloroethyl trimethyl ammonium chloride(CCC), at(100-200 ppm) on tomato plant, lycopersieon esaulentum. CCC,IAA,NAAA,ABA and CK at (200 ppm) have increased fruit diameter ,Whereas GA3 at (200 ppm) increased length of fruit significantly compared with control . All treatment reduced phosphorus percentage in fruit ,ABA,NAA, MH, at (100-200 ppm) have reduced phosphorus percentage in leave significantly , ABA at (200 ppm)and MH at (100-200 ppm) have been reduced the percentage of protein significantly in the leaves. CCC, MH and CK at (100-200 ppm) have increased total chlorophyll content in tomato leaves

Dates palm gardens circulate in most of middle and southern parts of Iraq including diyala governorate , statistical information refers to that the number of date palms has decreased to the less of half of the real number owing to the factors of ware and neglecting that source of production , Batra cdra Amydraula is considered the most dangerous one that leads to great losses in date palms , specialists in diyala governorate assured the spread of this disease in diyala gardens . The extension aims to make the changes in knowledge and skills of farmer to improve the social and economical levels , A random sample of (300) farmers were sleeted and the result show that there are low levels of respectively , The ratio of the famers who have low (15%) percent and (37%) percent of middle and (12%) percent in high , The results also show that there is significant relation ship between the farmers awareness and variable the educational level , and but at the same time there is not any relation with the (age and number of family) , The researcher commends to the necessary aware by the Batra cdra Amydraula to educate farmers and aware the various means of guiding by the danger of this blight and increase their economical level in all field to achieve the agriculture development

This study was conducted in the green houses and cold storage unit of the Department of Horticulture , College of Agriculture, University of Baghdad during 2007-2008 to study the effect of Ethrel on ripening and the storability of Tomato fruits (c.v. Nura) . Mature green fruits were harvested and treated with Ethrel solutions( 0, 250, 500, 1000, 2000 ppm) then stored in cold room 15 ± 2 °c for one month. The results showed that using (1000 and 2000ppm) of Ethrel led to decrease fruit firmness down to 2.780 and 2.480 kg/cm2 respectively and reduce the percentage of organic acids to 0.568% , 0.538% , also the (2000 ppm) treatment led to reduce fruit content of vitamin C to 52.042 mg/kg. The percentage of damage was reduced to 30.04% when the fruits treated with (500 ppm) of Ethrel.

This study was conducted during 2009 season using two locations and three planting methods and five planting dates. The first location was a standard growing room with 25±2°C, 80-90%RH and 400Lux light intensity. The second location was the desert cooling room. The first planting method was opened plastic bag from the top, the second planting method was unopened plastic bag with the constant number of hole and the third method was unopened plastic bag with ventilation tube and the constant number of hole. The planting dates were the beginning of May or June or July or September and October.Storage temperature was 2±1°C.Oyster mushroom spawn (5%) was added to a sterilized and moist wheat straw as substrate in plastic bags. The bags were incubated at 25±2°C for one month then transferred to the growth room or to the desert cooling room. The fruiting bodies of the mushroom were stored then dried for analysis .The results showed that oyster mushroom could be produced in a desert cooling room around the year .There were no significant differences between oyster mushroom produced in the desert cooling room and the standard growing room in total yield refresh and dry , the biological efficiency(BE) and fruiting body weight. Also, the result showed that the production cycle was reduced in the desert cooling room from 71.81 days to 62.87 days .The percentage of the protein was increased from 21.10% to 22.02% and the percentage of dry matter was increased from 9.57% to 9.93% in the fruiting bodies produced from desert cooling room compared with the standard production room . The best planting method was the unopened bag with ventilation tube because it gives the highest BE (67.94%)in standard growing room, shortest production cycle (57.2 days),highest percentage of protein(23.66%) and the highest dry matter (10.95%)in the desert cooling room. The best planting dates were September and May because they gave the highest fresh yield (642.25، 641.32 g/kg substrate); the highest dry yield (64.23،64.13g/kg substrate). There were no significant differences between the fruiting bodies which were produced from the desert cooling room and the standard room in weight loss, decay, percentage of protein and phenol compound contain in fruiting bodies after storage.

A field experiment was conducted at the farm of field crops in the foundation of agricultural Research / Abu Gharib during the autumn season of 2009. Five genotype of maize were used (ART-B40, S182, P-3, P-4, Syn23), as a randomized complete block design with three replications, in order to study variances, broad sense heritability percentage and genotypic and phenotypic correlation coefficient were estimated. The results showed that the values of variances were varied among studied characters. The values of the genotypic and phenotypic variance were more than environment variance for all characters. The higher values for broad sense heritability appeared in plant height as 91.12%. The genotypic correlation was positive and high significant between yield of plant and leaf area and positive signification with the number of rows/ear, while it was negative and highly significant between yield and negative and significant with (plant height, ear height, ear length). While it was negative and no significant among yield of plant and number of grain/row and the weight of 500 grains). Mean while the phenotypic correlation was positive and high significant too, between yield of plant and leaf area, was positive and no significant with number of rows/ear, while it was negative and high significant with ear height and negative and significant with plant height, ear length, while it was negative and no significant with number of grain/row and the weight of 500 grain.

A field experiment was conducted in a mixed sand textured soil during summer season at 2009 in AL- Anbar Governorate to know the effect of three levels leaf nutrition by iron and manganese sulfate mixed together 0 , 50+50 ,100+100m.g./L in yield and quality of three soybean cultivars LS74, Geza 22 and Geza 83. A factorial experiment arrangement in Randomized Complete Block Design with three replicates .Soybean cultivars showed a different significant . The cultivar LS 74 gave a highest average in : number of pods .plant-1, percentage of fertility in the pods and seeds yield 3.02 t.ha-1.. The spraying of Iron and Manganese showed a significant effect for all traits . The leaf nutrition in a level 50+50 m.g./l gave a highest rate in : number of pods.plant-1 109.4 pod , percentage of fertility 92.63% ,100 seeds weight 12.67 gm , seeds yield 3.22 t.ha-1, and protein percentage in the seeds 35 %.while the spraying of this leaf nutrition in a level 100+100 m.g./l gave a highest rate in number of seeds . pod-12.52 seed only . .The interaction between cultivars and spraying Iron and Manganese was significant effect in seeds yield . The treatment LS74 with 50 +50 m.g / L gave 3.55 t /ha .

A field trial was conducted at experiment farm of Diyala Agriculture directorate in winter season 2007 – 2008. The objectives were to investigate the effect of herbicides [Trifluralin, Diclofop-methyl, Fusilad Forte, Hand-weeding and Control] on growth characteristics of three genotypes of (Brassica spp) [Pactol, Star, Srew]. The experiment was arranged in a split plot design within three replications. Herbicides were arranged in the main plots and genotypes in sub plots. The results showed that significant different between herbicides treatments, Trifluralin gave high means in days from planting to 50% flowering (.7..26 day), dry matterof rapeseed (2.2 t.h-1), crop growth rate (6..7 gm.m-2.day), number of primary branches (2.0 branch.plant-1), leaf area (223.. cm-2) and leaf area index (..9). Genotype Pactol gave more days from planting to50% flowering (.77.77day), dry matterof rapeseed (2.0 t.h-1), crop growth rate (6.63 gm.m-2.day), number of primary branches (6.2 branch. plant-1), leaf area (.22.6 cm-2) and leaf area index (0.7).. There was signification interaction between herbicides and genotypes for all traits. Genotype Pactol with trifluralin produced highest dry matter of rapeseed (8.3 t.h-1), crop growth rate (6. 26 gm. m-2.day),leaf eara (940.7cm-2) and leaf eara index (5.9)..

A field experiment was conducted in College of Agriculture / Tikrit University during 2009 – 2010 season to study the effect of three dates ( 28 September , 12 October , 26 October 2010 ) and four colors from plastic mulching ( control , colorless , yellow , black ) , The experiment was factorial according to split plot design with three replication results showed that was significant increment vegetative growth and yield characters when used first date except the percentage of dry material of vegetative growth , there was non significant difference among the dates and the percentage of dry material for cloves , the difference was significant for the third date . For mulching , the black plastic had the significant increment for all vegetative growth and yield characters except the percentage of dry material of vegetative growth and cloves , the significant increment was for control , which the first date the significant increment , by using by black plastic , in all vegetative growth and yield characters except the percentage of dry material of vegetative growth and cloves , the significant increment was for the third date for control .

A study on effect of several factors on in vitro micropropagation of Lilium longiflorum was conducted in the plant tissue culture Lab./Hort. Dept./ College of Agric./ Uni. Of Baghdad from Oct.2009 to June 2010. The experiments were carried out to improve shoot multiplication and rooting . Seculent leaves were separated from the lilium bulbs , they were surface sterilized and cultured on MS medium . Multiplication experiments included ;using modified MS with 0 , 1.0, 2.0, 4.0 or 8.0 mg/l of BA or and 0,0.2, 0.4or 0.8 mg/l of CPPU .The second experiment was modifying MS medium with 0,0.2, 0.4 or 0.8 mg/l of NAA to the medium which contained the concentrations of BA or CPPU mentioned above . Rooting experiments were ; shoots cultured on MS medium supplement with 0,0.2, 0.4 or 0.8 mg/l of NAA ; 1/2 MS salt strength modified with 20 , 30 or 40 g/l of sucrose ; the last rooting experiment was supplementing 1/2 MS salt strength with 0,0.2, 0.4 or 0.8 mg/l of NAA . The results can be summarized as follows : BA levels reduced No. of shoot/ explants and length of shoots , while CPPU at 0.4 mg/l enhanced shoot multiplication and No. of leaves/ shoot . High concentration of sucrose increased rooting % and no. and length of roots/shoot . Reducing MS salt strength to a half was not effective on rooting .