Journal of University of Babylon

Acute torsion of the testicle(s) is one of the common emergencies in the field of urology; it results in either decrease or complete disruption of testicular blood flow, it affect about 4.5/100000 less than 25 years male. The golden period of testicular saving intervention is the first 6 – 8 hours from the onset of symptoms.
The aim of this study is to obtain a statistic about patients with testicular torsion treated at our center, concentrating on patients ended with orchiectomy.
A total number of 25 patients presented to our center during the study period (2 years). After taking full history and scrotal examination, all patients sent to Doppler scrotal ultrasonography to confirm the diagnosis and assess vascularity, and then all patients un- derwent scrotal exploration through a scrotal incision. Orchiopexy or orchiectomy was done depending on viability of the testis. Contralateral orchiopexy was done in all patients. Forty percent of our patients ended with orchiectomy, the incidence of orchiectomy was higher in patients lived in rural areas (70 %), there also was strong relationship between cold weather
and the incidence of orchiectomy.
The most important factor in detecting

This study was conducted at the Diabetes mellitus and Endocrinology and Renal Failure Centers in Al- Sader medical city including 60 patients from male and female, 30 patients have renal failure with Diabetes mellitus, other 30 patients have diabetes mellitus only. The age range from (30-65) years. The study lasted from November 2011 until March 2012.
They were evaluated each of fasting blood sugar, urea, creatinine parameters in serum, and evaluated level of glycosylated hemoglobin in the blood.
There was a significant increasing in each of blood sugar, urea, creatinine concentration in renal failure with diabetes mellitus patients as compared with diabetes mellitus patients. Also there was a significant decreases in percent of glycosylated hemoglobin in renal failure with diabetes mellitus patients as compared with diabetes mellitus patients.

The present study endeavor to appreciation quality of Hilla river from through study some physicochemical parameters include PH, Temperature, Electrical conductivity, Total dissolved solid (TDS), salinity dissolved oxygen (DO), and (BOD5). Addition to estimate the level of bacterial contamination depending on which bacteria are used as indictor which encompass Total coliform, Total Escherichia coli, Total Enterococcus .Indicator bacteria isolate from water of Hilla river and the samples of water were collected along Hillah river once every season beginning in the October, 2016 even July 2017 the results showed divergence in consistency and number of microbial during four seasonal and stations The high number of microbial contamination recorded during Spring and lower number recoded during Winter. Total coliform were found in range of (3.02×103 to 7.74×103) cfu/100ml, Total E.coli ranged from (2.76×103 to 3.50×103) cfu/100ml and Enterococcus ranged from (o to 1.86×103) cfu/100ml, high number recorded during Spring and lower number recoded during summer. The study concerned the appreciation of the Hilla river as source of raw water with the aim of ensuring better water quality of the Hilla river in Iraq.

This study is talking for the first time about in this region to document the archaeological sites at Tuzkhormato and surroundings. There are more than (19) archaeological sites which tooks two trends one of them is parallel to Aq-Su river, which starts from behind Tuzkhomato mountain and takes NE-SW direction at Shirash Tapa site and ending at Zeghaitoon river near the bridge of (Tikrit-Tuz) road, and other trend is perpendicular to the first one at about the mid-way distance of the first trend. Coordinations of (5) archaeological sites were located and studied, these sites are as a hill ranges in its shape between small to large and the broken pottery were spread widely on the surface of these sites and some of these pottery are colored, also there are chert cutter that is used as knives (at Tal-Al-Shaer) site only. These sites were uplifted from the surface level with unevenly degree depending on the volume of the buildings at that site, and all the buildings were build from muds, so these buildings are weak to resist the climate.
It is probable that all buildings were buried under these sites, and the destroyed pottery of pre-Islamic period were distributed over the archaeological sites. Only one site on the Tuzkhormato mountain was build with blaster and gypsum rocks, this site is (Gawor Qalasi) which from (Sassanian) period. All these sites still are not studied geologically or geophysically for determination the ages of these sites or delineating the geometrical shapes of buried buildings or searching some of precious things like gold or other things.

The Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) affects many people targeting their joints, especially small joints, and it targets all ages which it is more common in women. This disease has many symptoms similar to other diseases. Therefore, it is very hard to detect. Also, the diagnostic tools are complex and uneconomical. In this paper, artificial intelligence network used for diagnosis and early detection of RA in accordance with criteria developed by the American College of Rheumatology. The best performance occurs with the minimum number of neurons required when the number of neurons is 6. So that, the performance is equal to 3.8968x1010-. When reducing the number of neurons to 5 or increasing to 8, the result is 0.0041 and 1.0611×10-10, respectively. However, all results can be consider acceptable and indicate that the best choise from this structure will be 6 neurons in the form of complexity and accuracy.

Antibiotics are randomly prescribed for veterinary and human medication. Antibiotics by little number are used by human , animals are digested uncompletely in their digestive system and ended up in communal sewage and hospitals, eventually discharge in environmental water sources directly with no processing.
Water itself consider as major factor of dispersal of bacteria between different environmental components. Besides, bacteria had transferable genetic mobile elements to different sites of soil, water and humans.
Environmental swabs were collected locally including 50 swabs of hospital environment , 15 samples of poultry feces and chicken guts , 20 sample of heavy water and 15 sample of fish tank to identify16 isolate of Staphylococcus (4 isolate of Staphylococus aureus and 12 isolate of coagulase –ve Staphylococcus) , 19 isolate of Enterococcus spp. , 7 isolates of Pseudomonas and 5 environment isolates for each Shigella spp. and Salmonella spp. .
Teicoplanin and Vancomycin sensitivity test of isolates was done , showing that 2out of 16 isolates of Staphylococcus (12.5%) were Vancomycin-resistant , and 3out of 19 isolates of Enterococcus (15.7 %) were Vancomycin-resistant, while the rest of isolates were Vancomycin- sensitive. From other side , all isolates was Teicoplanin- sensitive except only 1 Enterococcus spp. Isolate which was intermediate . The range of the Vancomycin MIC were (6-64) µg/ml . Vancomycin resistant isolates , showed that some isolates have one plasmid band after Extraction of their DNA.

Callosobruchus maculates, Southern cowpea beetle, vegetable powder, ginger, talcum, turmeric, lemon peel, biological control

"Thalassemias": are forms of inherited recessive blood disorder that originated in the Mediterranean region. In" thalassemia", the disease is caused by the excessive destruction or degradation of red blood cells due to formation of abnormal hemoglobin molecules, because of a defect through a genetic mutation or deletion. The aim of this study to assess distribution of “thalassemia’s" patients according to age, sex, area and types of disease in Baghdad city. This study concluded that higher percentage of Intermediate (32.6%) among age groups (<1-4.9). Age groups and type of "Thalassemia" showed highly significantly different. The highest percentage of male cases had Intermediate (32.6%), While the highest percentage of male cases had Major (20.4%). No significant difference between sex and type of “Thalassemia". Finally the study recommended earlier examination before marriage and examination for pregnant women, and health program of community about "Thalassemia".

84 samples of common carp Cyprinus carpio that bird in cages of fishes birding in AlForat River Al-Mussayab was examined for a period of January until June 2017 .
The fishes was examined for the presence of Ichthyophthirius multifiliis parasite on the skin, Fins and gills.

The percentage and total mean intensity infection%14.28, 5.6، % 20.23, 6.2,% 27.38 11.5 respectively the monthly changes was Studied and the part of the fish body was chosen according to sex and we recording the highest percentage of infection from April 53.33% and highest intensity in August were the percentage was 21.6%.
There was no recording of differences in chosen of site of infection and also in sex and host either in skin, Fins and gills.

Energy efficiency represents a fundamental issue in WSNs, since the network lifetime period entirely depends on the energy of sensor nodes, which are usually battery-operated. In this article, an unequal clustering-based routing protocol has been suggested, where parameters of energy, distance, and density are involved in the cluster head election. Besides, the sizes of clusters are unequal according to distance, energy, and density. Furthermore, the cluster heads are not changed every round unless the residual energy reaches a specific threshold of energy. The outcomes of the conducted simulation confirmed that the performance of the suggested protocol achieves improvement in energy efficiency.

In this paper we presented a new way based on neural network has been developed for solutione of two dimension partial differential equations . A modified neural network use to over passing the Disadvantages of LM algorithm, in the beginning we suggest signaler value decompositions of Jacobin matrix (J) and inverse of Jacobin matrix( J-1), if J(w) is a matrix rectangular or singular . Secondly, we suggest new calculation of μk , that isk= E (w)2 . look the nonlinear execution equations E(w) = 0 has not empty solution W* and we refer ‖∙‖ to the second norm in all cases ,whereE(w): R^n→R^m is continuously differentiable and E(x) is Lipeschitz continuous, that is= E(w 2)- E(w 1) L w 2- w 1 ,where L is Lipeschitz constant.

In light of the information revolution taking place in the modern world, therefore it becomes necessary and important to save this electronic messages. So we offered this technique to ensure the safety of the content of the messages and authenticity of the sender through networks communication by converting the message's symbols to numbers , each one of this symbols (letters, numbers, symbols) will converted into three digits, the first digit represents the ASCII code of the symbol , the second digit represents the frequency of this symbol in the message (the number of times this symbol is appear in the message), and the third digit represents the total number of the locations of the symbol (calculates the symbol location from the first symbol in the message to this symbol itself and blanks also calculated too) .The digital signature of the sender will converted to numbers like the symbols of message we explained it before, and this numbers of the digital signature will gathering together to produce three numbers only, this number will gathering with each numbers of the message's symbols, the final numbers will converted to QR Code , the QR Code will placed with the message and sent to the recipient. The recipient returns the steps of the sender (produce QR Code from the received message) and compared it the received QR Codes, if it is match or not. The recipient will ensure that the content is secure, and confirms the authenticity of the sender.

The study examined the effect of wastewater from the sewage plant in Al-Chabaish on the quality of marsh water, which in turn affected the living organisms, especially the fish, which are abundant in these waters. Three stations were selected in the study area. The samples were collected monthly for six months, from March to August 2017.

Some of the physical and chemical properties of the Chabaish marshlands were measured. The air temperature ranged between (19-34) ᵒC , water temperature was between (18-33) ᵒC, while the effective phosphate value was between( 0.014 – 0.52) mg / l and the active nitrate between( 0.7 - 4.9) mg / l, sulphate between (570 – 962) mg / l, electrical conductivity was between (3800 – 5860) μs / cm, dissolved oxygen between( 4.7 - 7) mg / l and potassium between( 21.5 – 68) mg /l, while the turbidity was between (24 – 171) mg/l, The total solids suspended were between( 1118 – 3432) mg / l and the pH was( 6.71 - 8.2) , The chloride content was between( 350 – 2000) mg / l, totalhardness between( 200 – 1800) mg / l, calcium between( 48 - 368 )mg /l, magnesium between ( 9.6 - 52 )mg /l and sodium between (430 – 1560) mg /l, While the biological oxygen demand (BOD5 )was( 3.3-5) mg /l.

During the period from April 2016 till the end of July 2016, a total of 39 fish specimens belonging to Planiliza abu from the Babil drainage network Babylon province, were examined for parasites at laboratory at the College of Veterinary Medicine, Al-Qasim Green University. Trichophrya intermedia Prost, 1952 was recorded for the first time in Iraq from the skin and gills of P. abu. The description and measurements of this parasite were given. With the present record, number of Trichophrya species reached now three species in fishes of Iraq.

In this research, the recovery of copper from copper slag is investigated using hydrometallurgy method. Slag samples were taken from Al-Shaheed State Company. The results of the chemical analysis showed that the slag contained 11.4% of copper.
The recovery process included two stages; the first stage is leaching using diluted sulfuric acid. The most important variables that effect on the leaching process was studied, such as acid concentration, hydrogen peroxide adding, particle size, liquid to solid, stirring speed and leaching time by changing the condition and the stabilizing of other factors at room temperature.
The second stage is precipitation of copper from leaching solution by zinc powder with different weights and times, at room temperature and 1.5 PH value.
The results of the first stage manifested that about 99.7% of the copper have been dissolved at the following operational conditions: 50% acid concentration, 5 ml hydrogen peroxide adding, particle size (-75+53) micron, 1:10 liquid to solid, 500 rpm stirring speed and 25 min of leaching time. The highest percentage of copper precipitation in the second stage was 99.8% when added 3gm zinc powder at 20 min.
The XRD result revealed that the predominant phase was pure copper. The results of EDS exhibited that a few percentage of oxygen appeared with copper powder. The final of copper recovery ratio was 99.3% with 99.2% purity.

" In this paper, we use the concept of the *soft turing point and join it with separation axioms in soft topological space and investigate the relationship between them and study the most important properties and results of it.

“Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is a term that encompasses both unstable angina and myocardial infarction (MI) with or without ST-segment elevation. “It is a life-threatening disorder that remains a source of high morbidity and mortality despite advances in treatment. “Risk assessment done by using risk factors and risk markers. “One of the emerged risk markers is high circulating level of PPAR-γ (a potentially important transcription factor). “This study represents a try to evaluate the role of this analyte as a risk biomarker for future cardiovascular events, and evaluation of PPAR-γ as a possible diagnostic biomarker for MI. “It was a case –control study enrolled 160 subjects; 80 patients diagnosed as ACS patients by expert physicians. “An equivalent age and sex matched population without coronary disease with similar risk factors considered a control group. Serum levels of PPAR-γ were measured by using ELISA technique, cTpI was investigated by qualitative membrane- based immunoassay. “Independent sample t-test was used to compare means between two groups. “ANOVA were used to compare means between different groups, p value ≤ 0.05 is significant. “There were significant differences in mean serum levels of PPAR-γ, by patients and control. “There was a significant difference in PPAR- γ serum levels between positive and negative cTpI groups. “There was an insignificant difference in PPAR- γ level among different ECG finding groups. “Circulating level of PPAR- γ seems to be used as a risk biomarker for ACS, it is suggested that it could be used as a diagnostic biomarker for MI.

The successful transmission of video over wireless networks faces many challenges and problems that contribute to the weakening of efficient transmission systems because of the limited resources and the environment surrounding the wireless signal. Therefore, In order to deal with these challenges we need not only to compress the video in efficient ways but also to use a good transmission system that overcome the errors of the channel and correct potential errors during the transmission process. In this paper, the transmission system depends on the transmission of the video to a single user, a proposed system to simulate the transmission in the mobile networks and to measure the efficiency of the transmission system is added to the percentage of noise (i.e. additive white Gaussian Noise (AWGN) channels). In many such practical systems, jointly source and channel coding the efficiency and performance of the transmission system can be greatly improved to obtain a transmission system without channel errors. The source coding decreases the redundancy in the signal sent to provide bandwidth and the channel/convolutional coding (CC) adds useful redundancy to combat channel errors. The circular search algorithm for motion estimation (ME) is used as a source coding method. The results show that the suggested system can produce a balance among the compression performance and maintain video quality. The methods used in the transmission process showed a great advantage in the performance of the channel encoding compared to that of another transmission system without channel coding.

Background: Most public form of heart disease and the single most main cause of early death in the developed world, coronary heart disease (CHD) extended epidemic percentage in the twentieth century. Improved knowledge about the risk factors paying to this disease could be probable to decrease the occurrence. Aim: To assess of some risk factors of patients with (CHD) in al- Zahra hospital in the Kut city.
Patient and methods: The study is a hospital-based case-control study carried out during the period from (September – December) 2017. An appropriate sample of patients with CHD was attained cardiology wards in al Zahra hospital in kut city and their controls. Data were collected by direct interview with patients using a superior questionnaire form considered for the study purpose. The cases were the electrocardiogram(ECG) definite with CHD, and controls were accorded for age, gender. The sample size was 100 cases and 200 controls.
Results: The results revealed that common cases were 12.0% among age group (60-69) years .Higher percentage of cases were existed in the urban areas.
Conclusion: The relationship between smoking habits, family history of heart disease, alcohol drinking, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, meals contain high fat, psychological disorder, nervous and physical activity were statistically significantly associated with coronary heart disease.

Iraqi kaolin as a matrix material is used as a principle part of the study after additives sugarcane straw in ratio (10%) and (2%) Poly Vinyl Alcohol ( PVA) as a binding material. (Micro or Nano) Zirconia has been added to the composite in different ratio ( 0% , 5 % , 10% , 15% , 20%) for the purpose of improving thermal properties. Samples are formed in a semi-dry pressing with pressure of about (25 Mpa).

The formulation is achieved by using a template of (12 mm) diameter and a time of about (2 min). Then, the prepared samples have been sintered.
Burning process was carried out by three temperature degrees ( 1000, 1100, 1200 ) Co for mean raise about 3 temperature degree / 1 minute and remained at every temperature degree for two hours.

The results showed that the increase in the proportion of ( Micro or Nano ) Zirconia results in increasing the value of dielectric strength and the best results where achieved by adding Nano Zirconia. The increasing of the burning temperature also leads to increase the value of the dielectric strength.

In this research, thermal flame spraying technology was used for the purpose of producing a ceramic composite material produced from a mixture of ceramic material Al2O3, 25% and 50% with Ni-Al bonding material by 75% and 50% respectively, Coating through tests. The paint was made of graphite after it was tarnished by teething method. The spraying distance was 12 cm. The thermal treatment of the coated samples was at 1000 ولفت and for a period of two hours only. Through the tests of porosity, hardness and x-ray resistance, it was found that the best ratio of ceramic coating was in the ratio (50% alumina) with (50% of the bonding material). Where the best porosity was about 50% of the alumina and of the bond material as it reached 10.52%, the best hardness was also at 50% of the alumina and 50% of the bonding material as it reached 47.48Hv, the thermal treatment helped reduce the porosity to 7.44% and increased the hardness to 56.22Hv at the rate of 50% of the alumina and 50% of the bonding material, Finally the thermal treatment at (1000 ℃ ) and for two hours helped improve the crystalline uniformity at the angles of diffraction of defects.

Customer satisfaction is one of the most important goals that all organizations seek to achieve. Customer satisfaction means achieving full loyalty to the organization, thus gaining market share and entering into the midst of intense competition. The present study aimed at clarifying the theoretical concepts of hotel service quality and customer satisfaction. It aims to demonstrate the impact of hotel quality on customer satisfaction and customer satisfaction.
The importance of the study is of the importance of the quality of the hotel service of excellent grade in Baghdad and the extent of customer satisfaction. The research is based on a basic premise that the quality of the hotel service affects the degree of customer satisfaction, and has resulted in three sub-hypotheses.
In order to prove the validity of the hypothesis, the researcher designed a questionnaire form of three axes, the first dealt with the quality of the second hotel service, the customer satisfaction, and 20 questionnaires were distributed on the research sample of the Baghdad Hotel to a number of employees and employees, all of which were retrieved and subjected to statistical analysis Through the Statistical Analysis Program (SPSS).
The study reached a number of conclusions, the most important of which is that the quality of the hotel service is related to the extent of the hotel's management ability to provide services that match or exceed the customer's expectations.
The main recommendations of the study are that customers should feel safe in their dealings with the hotel in order to ensure customer loyalty and continuity in dealing with the hotel.

In this paper new method is proposed to solve the problem of path planning for mobile robot in a dynamic-partially known three-dimensional sphere environment by using a modified version of the Firefly Algorithm that successfully finds near optimal and collision free path while maintaining quick, easy and completely safe navigation throughout the path to the goal.

Background: Trichomoniasis, is one of the most common non-viral sexually transmitted diseases caused by the parasite Trichomonas vaginalis. Little is known about the genetic diversity and population structure of this parasite. This study aimed to determine the genetic diversity of T. vaginalis isolated from Iraqi women and its association with the fertility and the cervical abnormalities.
Methods: Overall, 154 Iraqi women attending the Gynecology Outpatient departments in Baghdad Province, Iraq from February 2013 to April 2014, were enrolled in this study. DNA of T. vaginalis isolates was extracted from the culture of high vaginal swabs. Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) method for six housekeeping genes was done in studying the genetic variations.
Results: Fifty-three women (34.41%) were positive for T. vaginalis. MLST method resulted in different alleles. With glutaminase gene, the highest degree of variation was found among the six genes.
Conclusion: The genetic diversity in the organism itself in Iraqi isolates can associate with clinical outcome. Further MLST studies are needed to compare a larger number of isolates from different localities and correlate the certain mutations in housekeeping genes to infertile women and patients with cervical abnormalities.

A module M is called closed weak g-supplemented if for any closed submodule N of M, there is a submodule K of M such that M=K+N and K∩N≪_g M (i.e. K is a weak g-supplement of N in M). In this work many various properties of closed weak g-supplemented modules are investigated. We will prove a module M is closed weak g-supplemented if and only if M⁄X is closed weak g-supplemented for any closed submodule X of M. So, any direct summand of closed weak g-supplemented module is also closed weak g-supplemented. Every nonsingular homomorphic image of a closed weak g-supplemented module is closed weak g-supplemented. We define and study also modules, in which every cofinite closed submodule of it have weak g-supplements, namely, cofinitely closed weak g-supplemented.

Generally speaking postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) as the most conventional complaint afterward anesthesia that can attend the desolation like bleeding, electrolyte disorders, gastric content aspiration as well as delay hospital remittance. Postoperative emesis where as has a high incidence even though the extensive whole of research done in this field and the variety of antiemetic drugs accessible. In order to manage this crisis, they need a multi approach which can include the certified analgesia, emetogenic anesthetic techniques as well as appropriate intravenous hydration. The current study aims to assess the postoperative nausea and vomiting incidence for pediatric undergoing surgical operations. A total number of 140 patients (74 male and 66 female) with age ranges (6-12) years old, duration of surgery equals or less than 30 min and body mass index less than 30 . General anesthesia is achieved for admitted elective patients. All patients are confirming according the questions of questionnaire; we monitor the incidence of nausea and vomiting in the recovery room. We conclude that the patients with (30%) have an incidence of nausea and vomiting postoperatively that may be related by causes (age, history of PONV, anxiety , type of operation and anesthetic drug).and patients with (70%) have no nausea and vomiting incidence postoperatively that may be related by causes (sex, obesity and inhalation agents).

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of Total Aromatic Hydrocarbons (TAH) on the biochemical components of haemolymph of mud crab Chiromentes boulengeri ( Calmen, 1920) that distributed along the bank of Shatt Al-Arab River / Southern of Iraq. Seasonal samples of water sediment and crab were collected from tow stations Al-Salhiya in the south and Garmat Ali in the North , Samples were collected from February 2015 to January 2016. The environmental factors (Air Temperature , Water Temperature , pH , Salinity and Dissolved Oxygen) were measured, TAH in Water , Sediments and crab tissue and the levels of biochemical components ( Glucose, Total Protein and Cholesterol) in haemolymph of crab were studded .The TAH concentrations in water were (38.88 – 23.36) µg/L, in sediment were (24.03 - 12.46) µg/g and in tissue were (26.48 - 14.17) µg/g in both stations respectively . Similarly , the average of TAH concentrations showed a significant seasonal variation in water , sediment and tissue samples in both stations at differences level of (P≤ 0.05) . The results of biochemical components showed that averages of the glucose were (24.5 – 31.85) mmol/L , while the averages of total protein ranged from (25.75 – 33.07) g/dL and the averages of cholesterol were (4.32 – 7.00) mmol/L. Total protein and cholesterol levels in the crab haemolymph differed significantly between the both stations (P≤ 0.05).

In this article we prove that Whitney theorem for the value of the best multiapproximation of a function f ∈L_p ([a,b]^d ) ,0