Diyala Agricultural Sciences Journal

The aim of the study was determine of histological structure of four of lizard kidney (Uromastyx Microlepis) from two sex. Histological study showed that the cortical and medullary layers have not distinguished limit between them ,also the kidney have few of nephron is loss of loop of henle ,each nephron consiste of glomerulae surrounded by Bowman’s capsule , the other segment is the neek tubule , proximal segment,intermediate segmente,distal segment and collecting tubules .The epithelial lining of these segments (tubules) are simple cubiodal cells, low columner cells , cubiodal,,and low cubiodal cells respectivel

This study aimed to investigate the antibacterial activity of two different types of honey, natural and commercial, by determination the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) against isolates of Staphylococcus epidermidis, E.coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. In this study, fifty eight (58) human isolates of these organisms were collected from different pathological sources from both males and females with age between (9-50) years and tested for their sensitivity to honey, a natural product that is generating renewed interest for its therapeutic application, during the period from 30/10/2009 to 1/4 /2010. In a tube dilution method, the incidence rate of bacterial inhibition was always significantly higher when natural honey was used compared to commercial honey at the three successive dilutions tested. At the highest concentration tested (1:2 dilution) all the bacterial isolates tested where inhibited (100%) by both types of honey tested. The median MIC was significantly lower for E.coli than Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococci epidermidis when exposed to commercial honey. The median MIC causing bacterial inhibition and mean rank was always significantly lower for natural honey compared to commercial honey in all the three types of bacterial isolates.

Evaluation of performance stability and high yield is essential for yield trials in different environments. The mostly used, classical parametric approaches for an analysis of genotype x environment interaction are based on several assumptions: normality of the distribution, homogeneity of variances, additively. If some of mentioned assumptions are not fulfilled, the validity of these methods may be questionable. By use of nonparametric methods, which are simple and easy for analysis, all of the mentioned assumptions are avoided. In this paper we used five of parametric and 11 of nonparametric techniques for analysis of genotype x environment interaction for grain yield of 7 rice (Oriza sativa L.) genotypes through three locations in two years (2005, and 2006). The objectives of this study were to study the interrelationship among various parametric and nonparametric phenotypic stability statistics, and to evaluate the similarity between these methods, and to determine the most suitable methods for assessing the rice genotypes yield stability. Values of the stability measures shown that genotypes with the highest grain yield in the majority of cases were not the most stable. The results of Spearman’s rank correlation indicates that the nonparametric measure Si(1), Si(2), Si(3), Si(6), NP(1), NP(2), NP(3), NP(4) and parametric measures bi, S2d, S2i, and Wi were positively related with each others and negatively correlated with mean yield and only the rank-sum and modified rank-sum showed a positive correlation with mean yield. The Principle Component Analysis (PCA) showed four distinct groups: group1 consist of Si(1), Si(2), Si(3) ,Si(6), NP(1), NP(2), NP(3),NP(4),bi,,S2d,S2i, and Wi ; group 2 consist of RS, RS1, and RS2; group 3 consist of mean yield (Y); and group 4 consist of CV. In conclusion, the modified rank-sum methods (Rs1, Rs2) which use the nonparametric measures Si(1) and Si(2) with the rank mean yield of genotypes, seems to be useful under conditions where the basic assumptions of parametric stability are not met, and for simultaneously selection for high yield and stability

Apple fruits cv. Granny Smith harvested from Al-Shoubak orchard (south of Amman), dipped in CaCl2 solution (2% and 4%) and AVG solution (500 and 1000 mg.l-1), beside control treatment (only water) for 1 minute, and stored at 0o C and 85-90 % r.h. for 1, 2 and 3 months. Apple fruhts dipped in CaCl2 (2 or 4%) were firmer significantly than untreated fruit3, while AVG treatments have no significant effect. Also CaCl2 treatments reduced significantly the fruits incidelce with bitter pit after 2 and 3 monphs of storage as compared with the control fruits, whereas, no significant influence noticed to AVG treatments. Superficial scald inciden#e were reduced more clearly by dipping in CaCl2 solutions than dipping in AVG solutions or water (control).

This study was conducted the relationship between germination and enzyme activity of urease , catalase in fresh and aged seeds of Cicer arietinum L and Phaseolus aureus Roxb. Germination percentage , enzyme activity of extracts of seeds , inhibitors of urease (EDTA) 200 ppm ,catalase (CuSO4) 10mM to fresh seeds , stimulaters of urease ( Urea) 500 mM , catalase (Ascorbic acid) 200ppm to aged seeds was studied. The results showed : of fresh seeds of Cicer arietinum L and Phaseolus The Germ ination percentage aureus Roxb. was ( 83.7 , 91.1)% while the aged seeds was (0%) for each one of them . the total activity of urease in C. arietinum was ( 2.90 ,0.07) Unit / ml in extracts of fresh and aged seeds . The Ph. aureus plant the total urease activity was(1.43 ,0.02) Unit / ml in extracts fresh and aged seeds .The total activity of catalse in C. arietinum fresh and aged seeds was (3.23 ,0.04) Unit / To . aged seedsandm l of fresh /Unit ) .01,0.95 0( was aureus .Phm l while the be sure of effective of urease and catalase in metabolism of seeds ( germination , respiration) we Treated of fresh seeds ( soaking ) (36) h in inhibitors (EDTA) to reduction of germination percentage of C. arietinum and Ph. aureus was (33.3,40.8)% while ( CuSO4) reduction of germination was (27, 36.5)% . On the anther hand the aged seeds treated by stimulators by soaking (36) h in urea solution it was increasing the germination percentage to (16.5,21)% for C. arietinum and Ph. aureus , ascorbic acid increasing the germination percentage to (17.8,19.4)% .

Antimicrobial activity of oil, aqueous and alcoholic extracts of anise seeds against gram positive (Bacillus subtilis , Staphylococcus aureus )and gram negative (Escherichia coli , Pseudomonas aeruginosa)bacteria and molds (Rhizopus spp , Mucor spp ,Aspergillus spp ,Penicillium spp) were tested ;those microorganisms represent common causes to some human and animal employed in extracting anise oil. Concentration of (1000,2000,4000 PPM)of the extracts above were used to find their action in the tested microorganisms. It has been shown that Ba-subtiles and Staph. aureus bacteria were affected more than Escherichia coli , Pseudomonas aeruginosa .The maximum diameters of inhibitory zones (24, 26 mm) were appeared at a concentration of 4000 ppm of oil extract against the tested gram positive bacteria comparing with 13 ,18 mm of diameters of inhibitory zones recorded against the tasted gram negative bacteria at the same conditions. The tested mold Rhizopus spp was the most susceptible to the oil extract, the percentages of their inhibition at constrictions of 2000 and 4000 ppm were 30 and 40% consequently in comparison with alcoholic extract 95% which was 7.4 and 8.8% for Bacillus subtilis , Staphylococcus aureus consequently .The alcoholic extract had no effect in the growth of Escherichia coli even at the concentration of 4000 ppm. The molds Rhizopus spp , Mucor spp were influenced more than ,Aspergillus spp ,Penicillium spp since the percentages of inhibition were 29,28,25,22% consequently. The aqueous extract was not effective in all tested microorganisms because it had no anise oil and thus no anithol dissolved (the active material),generally result indicated from seed Anise oil have more activity than alcoholic and water extracts.

The objective of this study was to investigate the antibacterial activity of Iraqi propolis on some Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria . The results of agar – well diffusion method showed that the Iraqi propolis exhibited antibacterial effects against Gram-positive bacteria much greater than that against Gram-negative bacteria, the mean diameters of bacterial growth inhibited by different concentrations of water extract of Iraqi propolis are 2.1, 2.7, 3.4 and 4.8 mm for Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus respectively, while the mean diameters of bacterial growth inhibited by different concentrations of ethanolic extract of Iraqi propolis are 8.1, 9.8, 15.3 and 16.7mm respectively. The Agar Dilution Method results showed that MIC of ethanolic extract of Iraqi propolis for Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis was 4 mg/ml and MIC for Ps. aeruginosa , E. coli was 16 and 32 mg / ml respectively.

The objective of this study was to define the uncomplicated urinary tract infection (UTI) and wound infection as community- acquired infections (CAI) in outpatient adult males those who admitted to Al-Yarmouk Hospital, located in Baghdad province. From (821) outpatient adult males, grouped in three age categories (3039), (40-49) and (50-59) years, the taken urine samples were submitted directly for cytological and bacteriological counts and cultured on different culture media ,also wound swabs were manipulated by culturing on culture media. Total positive culture was 42.5% (349/821), among those 28.74% (236/821) and 13.76 % (113/821) had UTI and wound infections respectively. Total gram negative & positive (monomicrobial & polymicrobial) bacterial isolated were 95.42% (333/349) and 4.58% (16/349) respectively. Also, the study has been shown a statistical important difference (p<0.05) in mean values of gram positive & gram negative monomicrobial bacterial isolates of urine samples and wound swabs, whereas no significant difference (p<0.05) in gram positive & gram negative polymicrobial bacterial isolates in urine samples and wound swabs was observed. In addition, significant differences (p<0.05) in the mean values of gram positive & negative monomicrobial bacterial isolates of urine samples and wound swabs, being recoded between all age group categories (30-59) years with a significant increase (p<0.05) in age group (40-49) years. The results also showed presence of a significant increase (p<0.05) in mean values of different types of gram positive & gram negative bacterial isolates in all age groups (30-59) years. Generally, no tangible shift was observed in the pattern of bacterial isolation towards gram positive bacteria with an obvious prominence for gram negative bacteria.

The inhibitory effect of omperazole on drug efflux pumps for decrease of antibiotic resistance in some isolates included(E.coli, Enterobacter, Staphylococcus aureus., Pseudomonas aeruginosa) to ciprofloxacin and norfloxacne.The minimal inhibitory concentration(MIC) of ciprofloxacin and norfloxacin were determined by using tow fold dilution method on muller hinton agar. The MIC of ciprofloxacine was 256µg/ml,64µg/ml, In E.coli and Enterobacter respectively and 512µg/ml in S.aureus and Ps. aeruginosa. the MIC values of norfloxacin was 512µg/ml in E.coli and Ps.aeruiginosa and 1024µg/ml in S. aureus and 256µg/ml in Enterobacter . On the other hand the MIC of omperazole alone was tested there was no effect on pathogenic bacteria. The MIC of ciprofloxacin and norfloxacion were determined after added of 100mg/ml of omperazol on each of concentration .the MIC of ciprofloxacin became 32µg/ml in E.coli and Enterobacter and 128µg/ml,64µg/ml for S.aureus and Ps.aeruginosa. while the MIC of norfloxacin after added omperazole was 128µg/ml to E.coli , 64µg/ml to Enterobacter and 256µg/ml for S.aureus and Ps.aeruginosa

This study was taken to figure out the relationship between serum adenosine deaminase (ADA) level and some economic traits in local and White Leghorn (WL) hens. An experiment was carried out employing three groups of birds at sexual maturity for 100 day period. The first group comprised of hens reared individually cages and inseminated artificially. The second group constituted of WL hens reared on liters and mated naturally, whereas, the third group comprised of local hens, reared on liters and mated naturally. The economic traits studied were: live body weight at sexual maturity, number of 100-day egg produced, weight of the first egg as well as the average of egg weight and mass. In the first group, the correlation coefficient (r) between ADA level and live weight at sexual maturity was significant (P< 0.05) namely 0.28, positive and highly significant (P< 0.01) with the number of 100-day egg produced 0.49, positive and significant (P< 0.05) with the weight of the first egg 0.12, while it was significant (P< 0.05)with the average of egg weight 0.01 and mass 0.52. In the second group, the (r) were positive and significant (P< 0.05) between ADA level and live weight at sexual maturity 0.29, positive and highly significant (P< 0.01) with the number of 100-day egg produced 0.65, significant (P< 0.01) with the weight of the first egg 0.37 and the average of egg weight 0.43 whereas, it was negative and highly significant (P< 0.01) with the average of egg mass -0.58. In the local hens (Group 3), (r) where positive and highly significant (P< 0.01) with the Five traits studied namely 0.74, 0.79, 0.87, 0.70 and 0.79 respectively. In conclusion, dissimilar correlation coefficient was found between ADA level and some economic traits in birds. This correlation was positive and highly significant in local birds as indication of high naturally genetic resistance in spite of low productive traits.

This experiment was conducted to study the effect of adding different levels of thyme leaves powder to broiler ration at levels of 0 , 0.2 , 0.4 , 0.6 % for treatments C,T1, T2, T3 respectively and one does of of chlortetracycline antibiotic which was 150 gm of antibiotic / tone of feed (stimulate growth level) for treatment Ab to show the effect of these treatments on some blood characteristics of broilers. With continuous adlibitum feeding of this ration from 7 – 47 day of age. The results showed at 35day there was Significant decreased in cholesterol concentrate of blood serum to treatment T1، T2 and Ab as compared with C and T3 treatments . Where as significant decreased of total protein concentrate in the blood serum for the treatment T1 compared with other treatments also significant increase in uric acid concentrate in blood serum for treatment Ab compared with C ،T1، T2 and T3 .As for antibody against Newcastle disease there was significant increased for treatment T2 compared with other treatment and at age of 47 day the results also showed that there is no significant differences in cholesterol concentrate and total protein in blood serum between all treatment and significant decreased happened in uric acid concentration in blood serum for treatment Ab ، T1 and T3 compared with control treatment C . As for antibody against Newcastle disease in blood serum the results showed significant decreased for treatment Ab compared with other treatment , AS for enzymes concentrates GOT and GPT in blood serum there was no significant differences between the treatment during that period while significant increased in enzymes concentrate ALP in blood serum for treatment T3 compared with treatment T1.

The study was carried out in the vegetable field of Horticulture Dept., College of Agriculture, University of Baghdad, Abu-Ghraib, to study the effect of different kinds of organic fertilizers to improve growth and yield of seeds onion plant Allium cepa L., cv. Texas Early Grano in RCBD with three replicates. The experiment contain nine treatments, those include sheep manure (20 ton. Ha-1) and foliar application with water soluble extract of sheep manure (6.66% ) and participated treatment between the foliar spraying of soluble extract of sheep manure and the soil applied sheep manure (20 ton. Ha-1) and foliar application with organic fertilizers that include poly amin (3 g.L-1 ) , vit org (4.5 g.L-1 ) and two concentration of water soluble extract of root Liquorice plant 5 and 7.5 g.L-1. In addition to the chemical fertilizer and the control treatment (without fertilization). The sheep manure added to the soil before planting, the organic fertilizers and the natural soluble extracts sprayed on plant four times starting from 1st.Dec to 1st.March, the spraying repeated monthly.
The Results shown the superiority of poly amin treatment to reducing the number of days that are required for flowering (175.9 days) and seed maturation (207.3) days and gave high values of plant seed yield (36 g) and the total yield (1058.8 kg.ha-1) participated treatment between spraying of water soluble extract of sheep manure and the sheep manure (20 ton. Ha-1) to reducing the number of days that are required for flowering (171.9)days and seed maturation (207.3), and gave the highest percentages of fruit setting (89%) ,and high values of plant seed yield (35.45 g) and the total yield (1042.7 kg.ha-1)

The study was conducted in a greenhouse , Hort. Dept. , College of Agric. , Univ. of Tikrit from 11 / November / 2009 till 20 / December , to investigate the effects of garlic extract, liquorice root extract and some special treatments of cutting on growth and rooting of Chrysanthemum. The results showed the liquorice extract treatments significantly increased in rooting percentage, dry weight of roots, fresh weight of leaves with percentage increase 27.59 , 20.65 , 31.75 % respectively. While garlic extract treatments caused a significant increase in number of leaves and leaf area with percentage increase 17.19 , 13.75 % respectively. The results showed the smashing and wounding of cutting base treatments caused a significant increase in rooting percentage with percentage increase 28.56 , 31.03 % respectively, While the smashing and wounding treatments caused a significant decrease in fresh weight of roots with a percentage 55.20 , 39.27 % respectively.

The research aimed to determine the Knowledge needs of Protected vegetable farmers in the field of foliar application of fertilizer at Al Rashdia District/Baghdad. To achieve the research targets, a measurement was prepared to determine the Knowledge needs, which consist of (20) items distributed on three interlocutors as follow: 1.The economical importance of foliar application. 2.The method of adding foliar application.3.Time of addition. The process of preparing this measurement consist of 6 stages and restrict 5 levels for extension needs that are: no need, little need, moderate need, severe need ,very severe need and weighted as 1,2,3,4, and 5 respectively. The highest measurement degree was 100 degree and the lowest degree was 20 degree. The data were collected for the period from7/2/2010 to 7/3/2010 as a questionnaire by mean of random sample, consist of (38) farmers ,and by interview method .Several statistical tools had been used in data analysis. Percentages, Mathematical Means, Standard Deviations, Pearson Correlation Coefficients and T-test were used to analyze the data by using Spss program. The research revealed that 73.7% of the majority of farmers had arange of extension needs more than the middle measurement degree and it lies with the intermediate need, while 86.8% of the farmers had aknowledge need which amounts to 18.2 degree. and it is recommended to build up with extension programs to fulfill the knowledge of farmers in the field of fertilization foliar.

ris hollandiaca cv. Prof. Blaauw was grown in 8 different media which included sand loam soil (River sand) and Sphagnum moss peat and various combinations between them 4: 1 , 3: 1 , 2: 1, 1: 1 (v: v) , also a mixture of sand loam soil and loam soil in two levels 4: 1 , 3: 1 had been used. The results showed that sphagnum Peat gave best growth and significantly increased flower diameter, stem diameter, flowering stem`s fresh weight and weight of bulbs and bulblets, and differ significantly from the other growing media. Adding of Sphagnum peat in several proportion and loam soil at lower ratio to sand loam soil had significant effect on most studied characters compared with sand loam soil. Studied treatments have no significant effect on plant height and number of bulblets.

The investigation was conducted in the fields of college of Agriculture and Forestry on the season (2005-2006) by using two dates and two types of Plows are moldboard plow and chisel plow, where use a split plots system according to Randomized Complete Block Design and tested results by Duncan multiple-range test, where showed the results of moldboard plow is a better values of properties for less dry weight and weed control percentage, in the both dates with the significant difference comparing with chisel plow. Also the moldboard Plow did not different significantly with properties of soil moisture, bulk density and actual depth comparing with chisel plow with the two dates.

The research was carried out in the vineyard of the province Diyala during 2009 on the grape vine cv. AL – Kamali which is a good table – grape . The work was done to investigate the effect of fertilizing with Fe+2 - EDTA at levels 0 , 100 gm / vine and spraying with growth regulator KT – 30 at four levels ( 0 , 0.25 , 0.5 and 1 ml . litter-1 and their combinations on quantitative and qualitative character of grape vine cv. AL – Kamali . Results showed that the grape vines significant responded to Fe+2 – EDTA alone or in combination with growth regulator , there were a significant differences in leaves area , chlorophyll content , fruit set percentage , total yield / vine , berry weight , berry size and cluster weight . There were no significant effects of iron on the total soluble solids % . or the spray with growth regulator on the weight , berry size , and cluster weight , While treatment with 0.25 ml . L-1 spray of G . R . resulted in a significant increase in yield (12.23 Kg / vine ) and leaves area . The spraying of growth regulator ( 1 ml . L-1 ) showed a significant value of chlorophyll percentage and T . S . S . while the concentration ( 0.5 ml . L-1 ) gave a significant increase in the number of berry in cluster ( fruit – set ) and showed significant combination between fertilized treatment with iron and sprayed with growth regulator in most of investigated characters .

A field experiment was conducted in agricultural season 2003 / 2004 at AlAnbar Governorate – Ramadi in silty clay soil classified as Typic Torrifluvent , to study the consumptive water use for onion crop under drip irrigation system . Split – Split with Completely Randomized Block Design was used with three replications. Irrigation methods (conventional and strip drip) were considered as primary treatments , organic matter as a secondary treatment with two levels (0 , 3 kg.m-2) , where the sub secondary treatments included soil mulching with black polyethelene and without mulching .Onion (Allium cepa L.) was planted at 17-32004. The results showed the consumptive water use were 352.7 mm.season-1for conventional drip irrigation method and 392.2 mm.season-1for strip drip irrigation with increasing percentage of 11.19%.but water use efficiency for strip drip irrigation was 8.988 Kg.m-3 and 8.387 Kg.m-3 for conventional drip irrigation with increasing percentage of 7%.

An experiment was carried out by using plastics pot in green house, at Kalar horticulture station / Sulaimani province in season growth (2007-2008). The aim of experiment was to determine the effect of different levels of Urea (0,0.20,0.40,0.80 gm /4kg soil in pot) these levels were equal to (zero,25,50,100 Kg urea/D) , and super phosphate (0,0.24,0.48 gm /4kg soil in pot) these levels were equal to (zero,30,60 Kg super phosphate/D), in some components of wheat yield of IBA (95) variety, cultivated on soil took from once region field. The components was studied is relative of yield, relative efficiency of fertilizer, number of spikelet/ spike, weight of seeds/ spike, weight of (1000 seeds), and weight of seeds / pot. This experiment was carried out by completely randomized design, by three replication. The results indicated increase of yields components, the components were: number of spikelet/ spikes, weight of seeds/ spike, weight of (1000 seeds) weight of seeds/ pot, and increase of relative efficiency of fertilizer, and decrease of relative of yields with increase of both fertilizers levels.

A study was conducted to evaluate seven tomato cultivars Red cloud, Imperial, Marwa, Castle Rock, Ginan, Shahad and Heat Master in Nimrood and quare area in Ninevah during 2000 season . The results showed that cultivars differed significantly in fruit length , fruit diameter and total yield , also in TSS , Titrable acidity and fruit firmness in the two locations . Ginan cv. gave the highest value in fruit length , fruit diameter (7.00 , 6.50 and 8.10 , 7.40) cm. in the two locations respectively . Imperial cv. gave the highest TSS in fruits (5.000 , 6.100)% , while Heat Master cv. gave the highest value in Titrable acidity (TA) of the fruits (0.669 , 0.700)% . Shahad cv. gave the highest value in fruit firmness (6.120 , 5.125)kg/cm2 in the two locations respectively . The results showed that Marwa cv. gave the highest total yield , reached (68.76 , 75.68) Ton\ha in the two locations respectively

One of important assumptions in the linear regression is not found linear correlation between independent variables which lead to appearance multicollinearity problem. If this condition is not satisfied then the ordinary least square method has not efficiency property. Another statement have not the minimum variance. We use chi-square test to discover multicollinearity problem by using Ordinary least square, Ridge and principle component procedure in estimation by using statistical program (NCSS_2005) to get the result. The purpose of the research:- The aim of the research is to test and treatment multicollinearity problem by using Chi-square test, ordinary least square, principle component and ridge in estimation. The hypothesis of research:- 1. We have not multicollinearity problem at level significance (0.05, 0.01). 2. The effect of salary and investment upon out put are statistical significance. The frame of research:- The research was applied in battery Industry Company from 1992 to 2002

Field experiment was carried out in Diyala during growing season 2008 , to investigate the effect of three irrigation date (17،14،21،Day( after flowering and two Levels of Nitrogen ( 100،200 kgN .h-1 ) on growth characters and yield and yield component of cotton (var .lashata ) . The experimental design was randomized complete block design in factorial experiment with three replications . The results were as follows:
1.The irrigation date at21 day gave higher percentage of plant height (43.55%) number of nodes ( 44.85 % ) ,leaf area ( 55.44 % ) ,leaf number ( 42.86 % ) as compared with irrigation date at 7 days , an gave length of inter nodes (5.47 cm ) , number of sympodia branch per plant ( 27.78 ) compared of irrigation date 7 days (5.40 cm ،13.94 branch ) respectively, and gave higher percentage of cotton yield (68.20% ) as compound of irrigation date 7 days . 2. High level of nitrogen with 200 kgN .h-¹ .gave higher percentage of plant height(11.38%),number of nodes (18.56%),length of inter nodes (6.56%), leaf area (62.35%), leaf number (38.06%), number of sympodia branch per plant (69.08%), and cotton yield ( 84.39 % ) as compared of application ( 100kgN . h-¹). 3.Significant interaction were observed between irrigation date at 21 and Nitrogen applied at (200 kgN .h-1 ) in all studied characters .

This experiment was conducted in 2004-2005 and 2005-2006 seasons in the experiments station of the foundation of Agriculture in Diyala, used Illoxan28 and Lantior70% herbicides and (12-9) and IBA 99 varieties to evaluate affectivity of herbicide and varieties on reducing weeds. Treatment were distributed with RCBD design with a factorial experiment. Results as followed:
The herbicide Illoxan28 exceeded Lantior70% in No. of spikes/m2, No. of grains in spike, (100grain) weight and biological product. The variety (12-9) exceeded IBA99 in most of characteristics studied. The interaction between Lantior70% × (12-9) variety give the highest product of grains yield. There are significant differences between factors and their interaction in number of grains per spike in 2005-2006 season.

A laboratory experiment was conducted in field crop department-College of Agriculture-Tikrit Univ. During 2009 ,to determined the effect of allelopathic compounds which obtained from the extract of root systems of some weed plants like, Johnson grass Sorghum halepens,Eruca plant E.sativa,common sow thistle Sonchus oleraceus and cheese weed Malva parviflora,on the germination and seedling growth of wheat, barley and corn crops. The results which obtained were: 1-The extract of common sow thistle roots ingibited the seed germination and seedling growth significantly than other extracts for all crops . 2- The Johnson grass extract inhibited the plamule length of corn seedling about 29.9% than the control treatment, while the cheese weed root extract reduced the seedling growth of wheat about 23.3%. 3-The Johnson grass root extract reduced the radical length of wheat about 38.2% comparing with control-treatment . 4-Dry weights of plamule of all crops which studied were affected significantly. The highest reduction obtained from common sow thistle plant root extract the reduction percentages were 36.5% ,51.3%,and 28.1%for wheat, barley and corn respectively. 5-The radical dry weights of corn seedling reduced significantly when the seeds treated with common sow thistle plant root and Eruca plant root the percentages were 76.3%and 80.3%respectivly

The objective of this research was to study the effect of using 2WD and 4WD modes by different speed on a front wheel assist tractor performance. A field experiment conducted in the college of agriculture Diyala University. A New Holland TT75 front wheel assist (FWA) tractor was used as a machine unite with moldboard plow triple body type Aydin Pulluk, in clay loam soil .A Randomize Complete Block Design (RCBD) by three replicates according to the Split – Plot was used, a (2WD and 4WD) modes was represent the Main Plot mean while a four front travel speed level (2.51 – 3.73 – 5.44 and 6.89) Km / hr represent the Sub Plot. The (L.S.D) test under 0.05 levels was used to compare the treatment means. Where study parameter are Slippage percentage (%) and Effect Field Capacity (donum / hr). The results showed that FWA tractor operated in the 4WD mode gave the best performance than the 2WD mode. The 4WD mode is superior in different effect to the 2WD mode on effect field capacity by increased percentage 2.27 % at the rang of used front speed (2.51 to 6.89) Km /hr. and also the 4WD mode is superior in different effect to the 2WD mode recording less value of wheel slippage percentage 8.64 % include allow permeation.

This study was carried out/ in spring season 2009 at Agriculture College fields / Diyala University In sandy loam soil to study the effect of spray number by foliar nutrient fertilize (Algaton ) on growth – green forage and dry matter of Corn Zea Mays Var. Buhooth 106 . The foliar fertilizer Algaton was used in30ml / 100 liters water , The first spray was done after 15 days from germination whereas second spray was carried out after 30 days, the third spray was at 45 days of germination. Randomized complete Block design ( R.C.B.D ) was applied with three replicates.
The result was indicated that sprayed by Algaton effect positively the plant high of corn with significant difference compare with control which was 136.26 cm while the sprayed treatments was (147.63 – 147.62 – 148.19)cm respectively. All the treatments of sprayed with Algaton was highly significant in green forage compare with control which reached 5.50 ton / donum -1 , while sprayed treatments was (8.56 – 8.37 – 8.540 ton / donum-1 , respectively. same results was obtained to dry matter which indicated that the all sprayed treatments increased dry matter comparing with.

This research was carried out to evaluate the effectively of five essential plant oils ( Black seeds oil , Cardamom oil , Aniseed oil , Aloevera oil and Clove tree oil ) in the inhibition of growth of four types from fungi (Pythium aphanidermatum , Rhizoctonia solani , Fusarium moniliforme and Fusarium poae ) at 250 , 500 , 1000 part per billion In Vitro . Bioassay test results showed the significant differences and the superiority Clove tree oil in inhibiting the growth of four fungi and as it was ( 0.0 % ,100 % , 100 % ) , ( 37.22 % , 88.07 % , 100 % ) , ( 11.11% , 48.33 % , 71.11 % ) and ( 5.55 % , 100 % , 100 % ) respectively .Meanwhile , the rest of essential plant oils showed different activity on growth of pathogenic.

The research was conducted to compare chemical composition and qualitative properties of processed cheese which is made in laboratory with some imported and local processed cheeses that are common in Baghdad markets . From each type of the used processed cheese in the study three replicates were chosen and they were given numbers to identify each sample . They were (1،2) for imported cheese ، (3،4) for local cheese ، and (5) for processed cheese made in laboratory ( Control Sample ) . There in components were estimated concerning humidity ، protein ، fat ، salts ash ، acidity ، PH and Acid degree value . The samples were compared with sample (5) ، Where the amount of humidity (54.88 ، 69.54%), protein was (12.86 ، 20.60%) ، fat (10.03 ، 24.12%) ، salt (1.84 ، 2.93%) ، ash (1.08 ، 3.28%) ، hydrogen base (5.2 ، 5.7) ، acidity in processed cheese was (0.50، 1.40%) as lactic and ADV (2.66 ، 5.76%) . The results of statistical analysis for sensual properties showed that sample (5) of processed cheese is significantly better than all samples concerning flavor ، texture ، color ، and ADV

This study was curried to find the effect of plant spacing and nitrogen fertilizing on flowering , plant growth and yield of squash ( Cucurbita pepo ) . The results showed that nitrogen fertilizer and plant spacing affected the mean number of flowers. The mean of male flowers Increased when the plant spacing 20 cm without fertilizer , whereas the mean of female flowers had increased when the Plant spacing 60 cm and 50 kg N/ donam . The leaves number and plant length had increased by increasing plant space and nitrogen level .Also the results showed that there was an increase in total yield per donam and fruits number by decreasing the planting space from 60 to 20 cm but the effect on fruit weight was reverse . number of fruits and fruit weight incase of increasing There was a significant increase in yield quantity/donam, nitrogen level to 50 kg / donam The maximum yield and fruits number per donam was obtained in case of planting space of 20 cm between plants and fertilizing with 50 kg / donam.

This study is curried out to identity the effect of vital fertilizing with Trichodema harzianum And organic fertilizing with Humic Acid in addition to the study of seeds magnetism technology individually and or interrelated with each other in the Growth of Tomatoes plant growth type Lycopersicon essculentum Mill class GENAN. The results of the study show that the application of seeds magnetism technology results in a significant increase of the plant and the root where as the use of vital humic acid and organic humic acid individually without magnetism technology result in a significant increase of length and dry weight of the root. The use of the vital fertilizer with T.harzianum and the organic Humic acid with seeds magnetism Technology results in significant increase in the length and dry weight of the the plant no significant differences in the root dry weight is shown.