Al-Nahrain Journal of Science

The study was carried out to determine soil organic matter content (SOM) using loss on ignition (LOI) and titrant methods. Eighty-four composite soil samples were collected from surface soil of randomly different locations in four governorates of northern parts of Iraq. The percent mean values of SOM recorded were 2.34, 2.399 and 1.821, respectively for Erbil, Sulaymaniyah, Kirkuk, and Duhok soil samples for the LOI method, while lower values were obtained 1.39, 1.595 and 0.98% respectively by using the titrant method for the same soil samples. A low relationship between two SOM procedures was obtained (r2 = 0.462, 0.585 and 0.241) respectively for the same governorates soil samples. Current results revealed that the titrant method is more accurate and convenient to be used for SOM determination of soils in our area, and further studies must be done by using other methods to find the more suitable procedure for this purpose.

Since its first discovery in the nineteenth century, polymer researchers have continued to study poly(vinyl chloride). Its characteristics, such as its thermal instability, are delicate by its structural flaws that result from its containing chlorine atom which is sensitive to UV light as a good leaving group. Many researchers suggested adding various types of organic and inorganic additives as photo and/or thermal stabilizers of poly(vinyl chloride). Recently this work has been expanded by extensive ongoing research to modify the chemical structure of poly(vinyl chloride) by replacing part of the chlorine atoms with other molecules which could enhance its stability against weathering circumstances. The last was carried out not only for common chemical reactions but also to improve the characteristics of poly(vinyl chloride) in particular applications. Based on reports from the past ten years, this study outlines many of the chemical alterations of poly(vinyl chloride) as well as associated uses. These alterations are organized following the modification of poly(vinyl chloride) through Carbon-Carbon and Carbon-Nitrogen linkages.

Type 2 diabetes (T2DM) is a growing global health concern that usually occurs in adults which accounts for about 90% of the population. The diabetic in type II diabetes mellitus begins with insulin resistance [1]. This form of diabetes typically exists in citizens over the age of forty, however, it is now being diagnosed more frequently in young adults and children who are overweight [2]. This study involved 130 subjects, divided into 30 subjects as control and 100 subjects as diabetics group. For each analysis were done: blood sugar, HbA1c, blood urea, blood creatinine, lipids profile (T.Cholesetrol, triglyceride, LDL, HDL, and VLDL), and CRP. The findings revealed significantly higher (p≤0.01) along with all parameters concentration of diabetes in comparison with the control group.

In this article a computational efficient approach is presented so as to examine the approximate solutions (AP) of fractional One-dimensional partial integro-differential equations (CF1DPDEs). The fractional derivative will be in the conformable sense. The suggested approach combined between the shifted Legendre polynomials and a semi-analytic approach. the proposed approach is tested by some examples which are introduced to illustrate its accuracy, applicability and efficiency. Keywords: partial integro-differential equations, conformable fractional derivative, Legendre polynomials.

In this paper, we will use an artificial neural network (ANN) to solve the variable order fractional integro-differential algebraic equations (VFIDAEs), which is a three-layer feed-forward neural architecture that is formed and trained using a backpropagation unsupervised learning algorithm based on the gradient descent rule for minimizing the error function and parameter modification (weights and biases). When we combine the initial conditions with the ANN output, we get a good approximation of the VFIDAE solution. Finally, the analysis is complemented by two numerical examples that demonstrate the method capability. The collected results show that the suggested strategy is quite successful, resulting in superior approximations in these cases.

The motion of the shoreline in sedimentary ocean basin were investigated and solved using the modified variational iteration method since it provides an efficient approximate solution of the problem under consideration, which appears to be accurate when the consecutive error between iterative solutions of the problem is evaluated. A diffusion equation with specified beginning and boundary conditions, with a moving interface type reflecting sediment transportation, is used to simulate the physical phenomena of sand particle migration in sea water. This article also discusses the shifting boundary value problem that occurs from shoreline change in a sedimentary ocean basin.

In this paper, we present some concepts related to -open set and study some of its basic properties, facts and some examples are given to illustrate our work. Several theoretical results are stated and proved throughout this paper.

One of the important applications that organize people's lives is the applications that relate to organizing the traffic regulation, detecting violators, detecting stolen cars, and managing car parks. Recognizing the license plate number (LPN) crosses the basic process in all previous applications. This process is affected by the surrounding light conditions while taking an image of the car. In addition to these problems, the plates of modern Iraqi cars (the so-called German number) suffer from words in silver color printed on the plate, which causes a senior problem when locating the LPN and recognizing it. To solve these problems, we presented in this research a comparison between the use of the SIFT and Contour algorithm in locating the LPN. While using CNN training models to recognize the PN achieved higher results than template matching.

This work introduces briefly an overview and recommendations on worrying SARS-CoV-2 Virus variants, that can be interpreted as the most spread ones till now. They are: Lineage B.1.1.7, Lineage B.1.351, and Lineage P.1. It is also displayed their observations and development in definite locations in Germany as an exemplary version.