Al-Nahrain Journal of Science

Nanomaterials or nanoparticles (NPs) are nano-size particles with a (1-100) nm dimension, they show unique properties such as magnetic, electronic, optical, and activating effects. That is why NPs have many applications. Titanium dioxide (TiO2) or Titania based nanoparticals are commonly used NPs due to their medical and industrial applications. TiO2 NPs are used in photodynamic therapy (SDT) and drug delivery due to their non-toxicity. In this review paper we will show some of the types, synthesis methods, and applications of nano-TiO2.

Films of polyvinyl chloride with oxide nanoparticles (MgO, NiO, TiO2, and ZnO) and clarithromycin were prepared. Oxide nanoparticles were used in low concentrations (0.01% by weight) along with clarithromycin. The analysis of oxide nanoparticles and clarithromycin as UV blockers for PVC photodegradation investigations into weight loss, surface morphology, and IR changes, revealed that titanium oxide, especially, protects PVC from harmful ultraviolet light.

Coronavirus disease infects the respiratory system through binding to the receptor of angiotensin-converting enzyme2 (ACE2), Symptoms of the disease develop within 5-6 days after infection, accompanied by mild to moderate symptoms in the initial stage of the disease, and continue for 10-15 days.

But it has the potential to develop into severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), which leads to the destruction of multiple organs in the body, including the beta cells in the islets of Langerhans in the pancreas, causing type 1 or type 2 diabetes and high blood sugar. The aim of the study is to detect diabetes mellitus in people with COVID-19 who did not have diabetes and did not have a family history of the disease before they were exposed to the virus. COVID-19 was diagnosed by nasal swab through PCR Real-time. The detection of diabetes was through blood tests such as blood sugar, and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1C), and the acute stage of the infection was detected through Dimer, LDH, Ferritin, and C - reactive protein (CRP) tests. From the results that obtained during the research, it was found that the patient percentage with diabetes due to the virus is 20% of type I, while 80% diabetes of type II.

Some new pyridinium bromide derivatives inhibitors, namely; 1-benzyl-4-{N-[(4-hydroxyphenyl) methylidene] hydrazinecarbonyl) pyridine-1-ium bromide, A1; 1-benzyl-4-{N-[(4-ethoxyphenyl) methylidene] hydrazine carbonyl} pyridine-1-ium bromide, A2; 1-benzyl-4-{N-[(4-propoxyphenyl) methylidene] hydrazinecarbo-nyl} pyridine-1-ium bromide, A3; were synthesized and studied as inhibitors corrosion for meld steel in 1M H2SO4 solution at room temperature via loss of weight measure ements for 24 hours. The results showed that inhibition for all pyridineum bromide derivatives have high values with the high concentrate. Increase in inhibition concentrate with corrosion rate decreases, inhibitor increasing and surface coverage degree increases. The free energy value of revealed physisorption effects for (A1, A2, and A3) and gave useful information to predict the interaction nature between the surface of metal and the organic molecules as corrosion inhibitors.

Methyldopa is a medication usually used to regulate and treat hypertension. It is one of the most commonly used therapies for high blood pressure during pregnancy. Methyldopa acts on blood vessels by providing additional relaxation, therefor blood can flow more easily through the body. Also, Methyldopa is a common medication used during pregnancy and is unlikely to cause any risk to the baby.

In this work, a simulation model of planar inverted F antenna (PIFA) will be presented with the radiating plate that has been connected to ground plane that has been accompanied by shortening plate and the FR4 substrate between ground plane and radiating plate. Where PIFA was built using computer simulation technology (CST) for the studio microwave (2019 release). The simulation model has been studied for return loss (S-parameter), bandwidth (BW), voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR), and input impedance (Zin) which are -21.875406dB, 301MHz, 1.1752855, and 50 W, respectively. The simulation results showed that the PIFA component covers a wide frequency band ranging between 2.202 and 2.504 GHz, which can be used in Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, and Long Term Evolution (LTE) applications that are used in the fourth generation cellulares communications.

In this paper, a new calculator form is designed to calculate fundamental parameters for Planar Inverted F Antenna (PIFA). The special algorithm is configured by MATLAB R2015a software (version 8.5) in the form of a GUIDE programming language to estimate the value of antenna length (La) and width (Wa) by professional software Computer simulation technology (CST) microwave studio (Version 2019) is used to design and study the effects of each parameter in the antenna performance. The designed model was used directly in manufacturing through this method without any optimization or improvement. This antenna fabricated on the FR4 substrate has relative permittivity of 4.3 with a volume of (120´60´1.5) mm3 and the proposed antenna is fed by microstrip feeding structure. Simulation results of the (PIFA) show that the return loss, bandwidth, VSWR, and impedance are -52.100dB, 686 MHz, 1.0002 and 49.99 Ω respectively at resonant frequency 3.5 GHZ.

Fly ash with different weight ratios was used as a reinforcing material for the composite material (polyester + 5% short carbon fiber) to make a hybrid composite material. The weight ratio of the carbon fiber used with the polymer was constant, and the weight ratios used for fly ash were (5%, 10%, 15%) wt. The mechanical properties of the hybrid composite material were studied and compared with the composite material without the addition of fly ash. The results showed an increase in the tensile strength and modulus of elasticity by increasing the weight percentage of fly ash, while there was no significant increase in the compressive strength value except for the composite material reinforced by 15% of fly ash. The results showed a significant improvement in the measured mechanical properties of the hybrid composites samples with an increase in the addition percentage of fly ash.

In this paper, the required antenna was designed and simulated using mathematical equations and algorithms for the maximum accuracy of the required frequency. As well as using the MATLAB programming language to program and design a graphical interface that calculates the basic measurements required by the graphical user interface development environment (GUIDE) for the required antenna design. Also, the use of computer simulation technology software for the simulation process to design the required model and test it virtually before implementation. As a result, the most important parameters that describe the quality and efficiency of the antenna used were calculated and studied. These parameters are return loss, standing wave voltage ratio, input impedance which are very important for antenna work, frequency bandwidth of the signal used. These values are -47.008702 dB, VSWR of 1.0089659, input impedance of 50.233036 Ω, and bandwidth of 51.4 MHz (ranging from 2.3747 to 2.4261 GHz) respectively, which operating at 2.4 GHz for the resonant frequency used.

In this paper, two important models for the finite hyperbolic plane (finite Bolyai-Lobachevsky plane) Bn,m will be given, the first model is when n = 3 and m = 3, while the second model is when n = 3 and m = 4.
Also, two important models for the finite hyperbolic geometry (finite Bolyai-Lobachevsky geometry) are given, the first model is when each line contains either 4 or 3 distinct points and each point is on 6 distinct lines, while the second model is when each line contains either 3 or 2 distinct points and each point is on either 7 or 8 lines. All models are represented in a simple form, which help the readers and researchers to understand the different facts about the finite Bolyai-Lobachevsky plane and the finite Bolyai-Lobachevsky geometry.

In this paper, the Trigonometrically Fitted Improved Runge-Kutta Nystrom method is proposed as a novel method with four stages and fifth order for solving oscillatory problems. This method is intended to integrate second-order initial value problems using the trigonometrically fitting approach. To increase the method's accuracy, the principal frequency of the problem, is used. It is discovered that the new method is more precise when compared with the other existing Runge-Kutta Nystrom and IRKN5 methods. To show how well the TFIRKN5 method works, test problems for second-order ordinary differential equations (ODEs) are solved. The numerical outcomes show that the novel approach outperforms methods that have already been published.