Journal of Al-Farahidis Arts

This research represents a serious attempt to study Western media discourse through its use of metaphor semantically and culturally; to serve political and intellectual purposes, and through a methodology that investigates images of this discourse, by deconstructing them linguistically and analyzing them semantically; to reveal the intentional relationship between the signifier and the signified and the images generated by this relationship, by using the mechanisms of metaphor known in linguistic studies according to its cognitive levels based on the movement of the mind that reveals those meanings and according to a deconstructive reading of the structure of the discourse.
This research raises the relationship between the signifier and the signified, through terms encountered in Western discourse, including: (normalization, the sick man of Europe, the era of decadence and the Renaissance, third world countries, and anti-Semitism), and these are examples of other images within this relationship.

The study examines the challenges of transferring cultural expressions from Arabic into English in the Egyptian Movie “My Bride”, on the streaming platform Netflix, and evaluate the subtitles, and how the subtitler overcomes the cultural differences to produce clear subtitles, which can be understood by the target audience. It attempts to highlight the subtitling strategies used by the Netflix subtitler to subtitle the Egyptian Movie. The study based on Haryanto’s (2005) subtitling strategies. The data includes 50 examples, which are extracted from the Movie. The analysis revealed three major findings relevant to subtitling Egyptian cultural expressions into English: (1) Most of cultural and colloquial expressions are removed or sacrificed by replacing them with standard language to fit the Netflix target audience; (2) The Netflix subtitler has applied a variety of subtitling strategies, with paraphrase strategy being the most commonly utilized strategy in English subtitling; (3) The subtitler understood the context correctly in many situations and conveyed the intended meaning of the Source Language (SL) to the target audience correctly. Finally, the study concluded that the Netflix subtitler adopted a source-oriented translation, and thus the target audience was deprived of experiencing the local culture and the characters of the Egyptian culture.

This study attempts to shed light on the ideology of marginalization, sometimes hidden within the structure of the novelistic text, which reveals the crises of the novelistic character and its marginalization in its imaginary worlds, and the dimensions of that on its identity dispersion. This is because the idea of marginalization is in itself an ideology on which the center relies in its exclusion of specific categories and individuals, and this exclusion has its justifications at the center, which this study will reveal later. Through all of this, the special subjectivity of the novelistic characters is formed, and by virtue of this formation, the specific roles for them within their imaginary novelistic worlds are determined. They then embody a specific ideology that contradicts the ideology of the homogeneous whole within which they are embedded, which creates a clear conflict between those characters / the margin, and their space/ the center, and this conflict is in itself an aesthetic component of the novelistic text, as it contributes to building and integrating the character, in addition to its ability to build the text as well.

Is the verbal threat. It is a linguistic phenomenon that can lead to arguments, fights, misunderstandings, disarray, etc. This essay conducts a pragmatic study of threats in English courts. Based on Grice and Yule's models, the model is eclectic.
It has been said that threats are "an unwelcome promise" (Grant, 1949: 362). In this view, a threat is a commissive speech act whose illocutionary goal is to describe a potential outcome for the target under a specific circumstance in order to persuade the hearer to avoid making that circumstance true (Searle, 1969; Blanco Salgueiro, 2010). In contrast to promises, the offer may be rude and the future action will not be in the hearer's best interests. Threats are usually made in the form of warnings or as reactions.
Threats demonstrate authority when the target hasn't done anything to merit them, like when a bully picks on a peer (Blanco Salgueiro, 2010: 217). Threats can also hint at potential retaliation, which would have the pernicious effect of making the target suffer from the anticipation of a negative outcome.

The Arabic language is the most sublime of the world's languages, with its past, present and future. It enjoys the attention of its people, specialists, students and researchers in the sciences of languages and literature alike. As one of its subjects who speaks it and I am proud of that, I chose this title with great precision and care. The Arabic language is like a living organism that lives, grows, develops, recovers, flourishes, gets sick, tires and ages, but it does not die because the Holy Quran has preserved it, unlike some languages that have died and disappeared and their news has gone with history. Therefore, it is affected by what affects a living organism from factors, causes, reasons and influences that affect it positively or negatively in its growth and prosperity or its illness and stagnation. One of these causes is political fluctuation and its effects, not only on the level of the Arabic language in Arab countries, but on all areas of life.
Political fluctuation is a basis on which all the causes and obstacles of fluctuating politics are based. Contrary to the term, with the stability and constancy of the political reality in the country, its language flourishes and grows, as happened during the prosperity of the Abbasid state, which led to extensive scientific activity, not only on the level of the language but also on All other levels of science, and this is in contrast to what happened to it during the time of the Mongol invasion and the era of Hulagu and Ataturk, which led to scientific and social life becoming lethargic and stagnant, and the wheel of growth and development stopping in general, and to the exhaustion and stagnation of the Arabic language in particular throughout that era. Thus, we will elaborate on the details of this topic in this research, God willing.

This paper examines the postcolonial perspectives in Athol Fugard’s play "Master Harold… and the Boys…" which portrays the intricate dynamics of race, power, and identity within apartheid South Africa. Through an analysis of the relationships between the characters Hally, Sam, and Willie, the paper delves into themes of colonial legacy and resistance, exploring how personal and systemic racism define their interactions. The significance of language, social hierarchies, and the quest for liberation within a repressive society is highlighted. The study employs postcolonial theory to deconstruct the colonial mindset and examine the impacts of apartheid on both individual and collective identities, ultimately questioning the nature of freedom and humanity in a divided world.

Mosul is one of the cities with important ancient civilizational data and it has great importance for the Abbasids due to its civilizational status. To demonstrate this, many studies have emerged, whether sources or references, even university theses and articles that have paid great attention to the city of Mosul, especially in the Hamdanid, Buyid and Atabeg eras.
The study was divided into two sections. The first section dealt with books on the history of Mosul. It included firstly the History of Mosul by Al-Azdi who died (334 AH / 945 AD) as a source for the Buyid era. The second section was a presentation of the Hamdanid book, their history in Mosul and Aleppo.
The second section included a presentation of university theses and dealt firstly with the Atabegs of Mosul during the reign of Saif al-Din Ghazi (541-544 AH / 1146-1149 AD). The second section was a presentation of the master's thesis on Hamdanid coins.

The city of Jerusalem has a great position in the hearts of the Islamic nation, because of its ideological, civilizational and historical importance; The city of the city has given great attention since it was opened during the reign of Caliph Omar bin Al -Khattab (may God be pleased with him), so life was active in its various aspects, and its civilization flourished, until it became a symbol that expresses the civilization and originality of the Islamic nation in general, and the Palestinian people in particular.
During the era of the marine Mamluks (648-784 AH/1250-1382 AD) and as a result of the stability of the political situation, and the liquidation of the Crusader presence in the Levant, life was active in its various forms, as it reached a great amount of civilization, architecture, thought and culture, so it became the first of the Islamic world, the Mamluk sultans worked To encourage the intellectual and cultural movement, spend on it, and to construct various institutions, some of which are still existing to this day; Which left great effects in the prosperity of the intellectual and cultural movement, which was clearly active in the city during that period, and the various educational institutions became full of science and its people from scholars and learners, and the sciences diversified, and the city became a destination for scholars and students of science, who came to it from the East and Morocco. It can be said that the intellectual and cultural maturity of the city of Jerusalem has reached its perfection in the Mamluk era.

The research aims to demonstrate the role of exploiting economic resources in reducing the manifestations of backwardness and ignorance in Arab countries and developing countries. The research problem was identified in the lack of exploitation and investment of Arab countries and developing countries of their economic resources in reducing the manifestations of backwardness in their societies. The importance of the research lies in that it adds to researchers’ modern knowledge in the field of reducing the manifestations of backwardness in Arab countries and developing countries due to the importance of exploiting their economic resources according to a long-term strategic plan. The research also assumed the existence of a positive relationship between reducing the manifestations of backwardness in Arab and developing countries and the exploitation of those countries that are the subject of our research of their economic resources. The results of the research showed an increase in the manifestations of backwardness, ignorance and poverty in Arab countries and developing countries despite the fact that those countries possess unexploited economic resources, in addition to the lack of adopting long-term strategies to eliminate those manifestations and promote economic, social and environmental development and work on its sustainability. The research recommended the necessity and inevitability of exploiting economic resources in developing human resources, in addition to harnessing those human resources in production and economic development by expanding the outlets of education and education and spreading cultural and scientific awareness and raising the standard of living of the individual, and preparing strategic plans and development programs. Economic, social and environmental according to a time series to reduce the manifestations of backwardness, ignorance and poverty.
The research included four topics, the first topic entitled Research Methodology and Previous Studies, the second topic entitled Ignorance and Backwardness, the third topic entitled The State of Iraq and Economic Development "as a Model", and finally the fourth topic entitled Conclusions and Recommendations.

Praise be to Allah, Lord of the Worlds, and peace and blessings be upon the Master of the Prophets and Messengers, our Master Muhammad, and upon his family and companions, and may peace be upon them all.
The elements of gold and silver were of great importance in the era of the message, and their importance was outlined through what was mentioned in the Holy Quran of the great verses, and then came the sayings and actions of the Messenger of Allah (may Allah's prayers and peace be upon him) in using them in a manner that is consistent with what Islam brought, and they are a very important economic resource that played its role throughout history.
Gold is one of the important elements in economic and social life and has a clear role in all societies despite the prohibition of eating and drinking from its vessels and the prohibition of men wearing it in Islam, and silver is one of the important elements whose economic importance is less than gold, but it has a moral value despite the prohibition of eating and drinking from its vessels, but it was permissible for men and women to wear silver, and to pay the amount of zakat from it when a year has passed for those who save it.

Since the 1860s, Bahrain has been under British protection, and it was necessary to appoint a British official in Bahrain, in order to preserve its strategic interests, and to limit the increasing Persian claims of sovereignty over the Bahraini islands, as well as to monitor the Ottoman and French movements that were increasing in the Arabian Gulf. Therefore, the British Political Resident in Bushehr suggested appointing a representative of his country in Bahrain, namely (the Political Agent) in 1898. It seems that his appointment was part of the process of expanding British influence in the Arabian Gulf. The Political Agent in Bahrain contributed to strengthening British-Bahraini relations through his control over customs and foreign trade, in addition to formulating policies that shackled the sheikhs of Bahrain and led to the uprising of the people of Bahrain against those policies, the most important of which was the uprising of 1938.

The naval conflict during the Almohad era constituted a major military navigational activity, as the state knew a special type of naval organizations in terms of interest in the naval fleet, as it faced many challenges, whether internal or external, including their jihad against the Christian kingdoms represented by the Kingdom of Castile and Portugal, in addition to internal conflicts represented by many revolutions, including the Ibn Mardanish Revolution in Andalusia, and the Banu Ghaniya Revolution in Morocco.
In light of this research, we will point out the strategy followed by the Almohads in their naval jihad, and the importance of the fleet in defending the state and protecting its coasts as a center of strength and weakness, then the extent of the state's contribution to preserving these forces, and was it their duty to ride the sea and venture into it, and what were the results they achieved from that.
This is a set of questions that aroused the researchers' interest in answering them and shedding light on their axes. We relied in the research on the descriptive historical method by narrating and describing historical events, the reasons for their occurrence, their results, and what are the factors that led to that.

The research initially monitors the important development that the port of Safi witnessed during the Saadian era. The research then reveals the status of this port during the Alaouite era, then the important transformations that the new port witnessed during the colonial period (1912-1956). The research concludes its axes by reviewing the developments that concerned the port of Safi after Morocco’s independence in 1956.

This study is concerned with studying the manifestations that surrounded the royal political system in the Kingdom of Nabatia, which represents a picture of political progress and development, as the kings of the Nabataeans worked to create a qualitative shift in their political entity through the transition from the tribal phase to the civil phase and work to develop this shift by surrounding themselves with the manifestations of pift The property, the first of which is the construction of the monarchy, the taking of names and the title of ownership, and their own silences showing the extent of the development of political aspects during the era of each Nabati king, and working to raise their affairs between the Nabataeans by surrounding themselves with a sacred aura, then caring about the upgrading of the Nabati court by mentioning names and pictures Nabatiyah queens, and the ministers to strengthen the construction of the kingdom's political.

The soft power is an active political tool in implementing the strategy of active countries, and Iran is aware of the importance of the soft power in achieving its political and ideological project in the Islamic world and the Arab region, and with regard to Iraq, Iran has employed all the tools of its soft, cultural, diplomatic and charitable organizations in its foreign policy towards Iraq from During its sources of civilized and historical heritage, cultural depth and the unique political values group.

Praise be to Allah, Lord of the Worlds, and peace and blessings be upon the Master of Prophets and Messengers, our Master Muhammad, and upon his family and companions, and peace be upon them all. The Messenger established his foreign policy after laying the foundations of his message and removing corruption from society and preserving the rights of the nation. The Messenger's systems were not limited to internal affairs, but he built bridges of foreign relations with neighboring countries, including the two greatest empires at that time, the Persian and Roman empires, and invited them to embrace Islam and spread his message. He sent many letters to kings, princes, and leaders of nations to invite them and inform them about the Islamic religion and the eternal message that the greatest Messenger carried to all of humanity. Among the kings to whom he was sent were the King of Rome, Khosrow of Persia, and the Coptic King Al-Muqawqis, and other kings. It was a wise policy and a major transformation in spreading the call and establishing its foundations in the hearts of nations.

Praise be to Allah, Lord of the Worlds, and prayers and peace be upon His truthful and trustworthy Prophet Muhammad bin Abdullah, and upon his family and companions and those who follow them in righteousness until the Day of Judgment. Historical studies in general and the fragrant biography of the Prophet in particular are important studies in Islamic history. The study of the biography of the Prophet, may the best prayers and peace be upon him, was the starting point for the launch of Islamic history and its most important sections. We had the opportunity to study a term from the terms of the biography of the Prophet, which is (tolerance). We chose this term as the title of our research entitled (The Humanity of the Noble Messenger Muhammad: Tolerance as a Model). Through the study regarding this title, we found many places in which our Noble Messenger Muhammad worked, which we will mention in succession to be historical material and a simple effort in this aspect, especially since our Noble Messenger is the forgiving messenger and we have a good example in him. We discussed the term tolerance in the Meccan and Medinan eras, with Muslims and non-Muslims, and we took some historical evidence that is relevant to the title of the research. And from Allah is success.

This study aims to provide a summary of the political developments that Iraq witnessed in the last years of Ottoman rule, by tracing the path of the revolutionary liberation movement in Iraq, and deducing the most important factors that contributed to its development, while mentioning the most important means adopted in the struggle of Iraqi nationalists, and the extent of their contribution to inciting the popular masses to fight the foreign enemy, and their adherence to the principle of freedom and independence. We have concluded that Iraq witnessed important historical events that constituted a turning point in its political history, the most prominent of which was the beginning of the spread of the Arab nationalist movement, so the Iraqis became among the most important supporters and defenders of Arab unity, which contributed to advancing the dynamism of the national struggle, and their rejection of the British occupation, so they did not hesitate to declare an armed revolution, which became one of the most important revolutions known to the Arab world in that era.

The name Sawad Iraq was common and widespread in the early Islamic eras and until recently, and there were some indications that indicate the reason for this name, which the Arabs used among themselves, including the abundance of trees, people and villages, and we have referred to them in this research, as well as the meaning of the word Iraq, which was associated with the word Sawad and became associated with it, and it was expressed by many opinions and meanings that indicate this word that specialists have analyzed by naming Iraq Iraq, and every country must have borders, as the books of countries mentioned the borders and location of Sawad Iraq and that Sawad encompasses the borders of Iraq, especially in its width, as the economy of countries depended on agriculture in general, ancient and modern, and it is the mainstay of the economy, here it was necessary to measure the area in order to collect the tax from it according to the area, which the Persians cared about before that, then Islam confirmed it, which expanded it and determined its area after its liberation, the land of Sawad Iraq included between its sides the two greatest rivers in the world, the Tigris and the Euphrates, which gave great importance to Sawad Iraq in ancient and modern times, as the geographical location of Iraq gave it Great importance.

Drinking water service is one of the most important basic services on which the city's functional performance is based, which requires constant attention and development according to the increasing population needs to be able to cover the needs and requirements of the population within the city. The research results showed that the drinking water service is provided by direct pumping through the main productive projects of the research and treatment area for raw water, which amount to four projects operating with a total capacity of (205000) m2 / day, serving a total population of about (598181) people, at an individual share rate of (343) liters / person / day, which is less than the approved standard (400) liters / person / day. In addition to the large deficit of this service, which was shown by the means of spatial statistical analysis of a large number of neighborhoods in the research area and its concentration in neighborhoods close to the main productive projects and close to the main pipeline network.

Generally, speech is a way of communicating that serves specific purposes. Speech aims to express people's ideas, commend an individual or entity, or break people's hearts. The term hate speech refers to breaking people's hearts. The intention may be insulting, insinuating, or mocking to someone who gets the adverse effect. The current study investigates the Hate Speech Against Female Arab Competitors in the 2024 Olympics from a Pragmatic Perspective. This research aims to identify the type of hate speech and explain the intention of the hate utterance using pragmatic perspectives. This research is qualitative. The research object is the hate speech addressed to Imane Khelif by Donald Trump, Angela Carini, and Giorgia Meloni. Imane Khelif is an Algerian boxer who has been controversial due to her gender identity issues when participating in women's sports. An eclectic model characterizes the technique of the analyzed data. Four models are used. Two models are selected for the analysis of pragmatics. The first Model is based on Searle's (1969) classification of speech acts, while the second Model incorporates Grice's (1975) cooperative principle. Additionally, the researcher uses Mondal et al. (2017) to clarify the type of hate speech and Kreidler's theory (2002) to determine the intention of hate speech. The current research finds that (1) Expressive speech act is the most representative type of speech act compared to other types, (2) the violation of the Quantity Maxim is the most common type compared with other maxims, and (3) Gender Hate speech is the most representative type of Hate speech. It is concluded that (1) There are eight types of hate speech according to the adopted Model, such as gender, behavior, physical, class, race, disability, religion, and ethnicity. (2) There are five intentions of hate speech according to the adopted Model: mocking, insulting, insinuating, accusing, and blaming.

The sublime principles of Islam derived from the constitution of Muslims, the Holy Quran, preserved the rights of non-Muslims who were called the People of the Covenant. The policy of the Noble Messenger Muhammad (peace be upon him and his family) with them was an application of these principles in order to achieve coexistence far from religious extremism that negatively affects the fabric of a single society. Since the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him and his family) is the city of knowledge and Imam Ali (peace be upon him) is its gate, who overflows with mercy, humanity and moral nobility that overwhelms all his subjects, including the People of the Covenant, our topic is divided into paragraphs starting with Imam Ali’s (peace be upon him) view of the People of the Covenant, his relationship with their religious men, granting them freedom of belief and worship, his dealings with them, his justice and compassion towards them, his standing with them before the judiciary, then his debates with the People of the Covenant, and the conversion of many of them to Islam at his hands.

The current research aims to identify the academic integration among Al-Qadisiyah University students. To achieve the research objectives, the academic integration scale was adopted in its fields: behavioral, emotional and cognitive dimensions prepared by (Ali, 2021) and including (36) paragraphs. Following the scientific steps in terms of verifying its validity and stability, it was applied to the research sample consisting of (400) male and female students from the colleges of Al-Qadisiyah University and from both scientific and human specializations. The research sample was selected using the stratified random method and the equal method and using statistical means. The research results showed that Al-Qadisiyah University students possess academic integration, which is attributed to the fact that the student has achieved a degree of mental, cognitive, social and moral maturity, which led to the student having a broad vision that tends towards psychological, social and academic compatibility, which achieves a high level of academic integration. In light of the results, a number of recommendations and proposals were reached.

The current study aimed to identify the impact of political and societal awareness and its importance in reducing the impact of international variables on political and social security. And to discover the impact of political rights and national identity in reducing the impact of international variables on political and social security. And to identify the impact of political knowledge in reducing the impact of international variables on political and social security. And to identify the nature of internal and external challenges that affect international variables on political and social security. The descriptive approach was used and the questionnaire tool was relied upon and distributed randomly. The sample was 201 individuals and the results were as follows:
1. University males have the lead in the study sample.
2. By reviewing the previous results, it was found that there is an impact of political rights and national identity in reducing the impact of international variables on political and social security.
3. By reviewing the previous results, it was found that there is an impact of political knowledge in reducing the impact of international variables on political and social security, especially in light of societal economic changes.
4. By reviewing the previous results, it was found that the nature of internal and external challenges that affect international variables on political and social security.