Journal of Juridical and Political Science

External forces represented by states, international institutions,
or global value systems and standards often have different roles and
contributions in promoting democracy and human rights, directly or
indirectly. At the level of international institutions, the United Nations
has made clear efforts to call for the adoption of good governance
practices and respect for cultural and political diversity, without
promoting a specific political system of government. On a different
path, the United States and then the European Union adopted a
consistent perspective in promoting issues of democracy and respect
for human rights in accordance with the liberal-capitalist perspective.
Despite the similarity of the political objectives of both the United
States and the European Union behind promoting democracy and
supporting human rights issues in Iraq, the difference in the means
used between soft power and hard power produced somewhat
different outcomes for their policies at the level of enhancing human
rights conditions and the level of local acceptance of them.

This research focuses on the role of digital technology in
strengthening human rights ,and challenges that positive and
negative digital developments impose on human rights. so the study
found a close relationship between digital technology and human
rights cannot be disengaged in terms of virtual human rights being
commissioned and exported to the world, or expanding its monitoring
by relevant UN organizations, Or with regard to the negative
consequences that this technology has given to human rights, like
promoting some practices that asceiver of human modesty٫ instinct
and right like homosexuality Or other practices that target the beliefs
and humanity values.

The Iraqi constitution of 2005 guaranteed human rights and
public freedoms for its citizens, as the stage after the fall of the
dictatorial regime after 2003 committed that the bill of human rights
should be an integral part of this modern constitution, and among the
rights that the Iraqi constitution sought to achieve in that time era is
to seek to return those rights that were violated through the trials
which happened precisely between the years 2005-2008, as well as
what was caused by the terrorist organization Daesh during The
occupation of a number of Iraqi provinces in 2014.
Therefore, the Constitution and the Iraqi state have sought to
establish appropriate mechanisms to guarantee these rights and
freedoms by creating a number of institutions whose work is related
to human rights, including the Ministry of human rights, the Ministry
of migration and displaced persons, the High Commission for Human
Rights in Iraq, transitional justice institutions (Martyrs Foundation,
political prisoners Foundation) and other government institutions that
have taken care of the category of women, children, youth, juveniles,
people with special needs, victims of terrorism and military
operations, and perhaps the Iraqi legislator has quoted these lofty
principles in caring for these rights from The principles of Islamic
Sharia and the principles of international law, where the violation of
any obligation necessitates the need to repair the damage
appropriately, what are the means used by the Iraqi legislator to
mitigate or repair the damage in a manner consistent with legislation
and international conventions. Based on the constitutional texts, the Iraqi legislature has
committed to legislating a number of laws that compensate, redress
and rehabilitate those whose rights were violated, whether for the
period preceding the political change in 2003 or after, including the
law of political dismissals No. 24 of 2005 as amended, the laws of the
Martyrs Foundation No. 3 of 2006 and (2) of 2016, the law of the
institution of political prisoners No. 4 of 2006 and the law of
compensation of those affected by military operations, military
mistakes and terrorist operations No. 20 of 2009 as amended and the
law on compensation of the property of those affected by the defunct
law No. 16 of 2010 and the law of the property disputes resolution
authority No. 2 of 2006 repealed, which It was replaced by Law No.
13 of 2010, and the latest law was Law No. 8 of 2021, the law of
Yazidi survivors, where we will address in our research the reference
to the method adopted by the legislator in reparation for damage by
reviewing samples of these legislations by studying the description,
analysis and comparison with the Libyan legislation due to the link
between the two countries (i.e. Iraq and Libya).

The scientific development of technological means has been
accompanied by a development in the crimes committed, as the crime
of electronic blackmail is considered one of the newly emerging
crimes for which no special law has been issued that punishes its
perpetrators. Therefore, in this research, we discussed the effective
mechanisms to protect human rights from this crime and its effects.
When searching among the texts of the Penal Code, we find more than
one legal article that can be applied to the crime of electronic
blackmail. It can be adapted as a crime of threatening, and at other
times it is adapted as a crime of insult and defamation, and at other
times it is adapted as a crime of revealing a secret, and the crime of
electronic blackmail is adapted as one of the crimes. The precedent
depends on the material element of the crime, and through research
into the applied aspect, the researcher found that there are many judicial decisions that punished the crime of electronic blackmail.
Therefore, we had to divide this research into two sections. The first
section included the nature of the crime of electronic blackmail and
came in two requirements. The first requirement was the concept of
the crime of electronic blackmail and the second requirement was the
elements of the crime of electronic blackmail. As for the second
section, we discussed the mechanisms of constitutional and legal
protection for the crime of electronic blackmail, and it was in the
reality of two requirements that included The first requirement is the
elements of the crime of electronic blackmail, and the second
requirement is the constitutional and legal mechanisms for the crime
of electronic blackmail.

The view of peoples towards women throughout the ages,
whether in the first primitive societies or advanced societies, has been
keen to fully obtain their rights in all aspects of life, in addition to
achieving equality between them and men.
Women's rights and freedoms are part of universal human rights
that are inseparable from and indivisible, and their participation with
men on an equal footing at all international and national levels is a
goal that the international community seeks to achieve, in addition to
eliminating all forms of discrimination and violence against women.
Under the Constitution of the Republic of Iraq of 2005, the Iraqi
legislator followed a distinctive approach in stipulating women’s
rights and freedoms and preventing violence and discrimination
against them in any form, in addition to granting them equality with
men in enjoying civil, economic and cultural rights, and also
guaranteeing them political participation.

Study topics on issues related to women are of great
importance, including the topic of political empowerment, which
means the use of policies and procedures that aim to support women’s
participation in public life through participation in decision-making
and formulation of policies that have a direct impact on the political
system and its various institutions. International covenants and
conventions have influenced the principle of equality between men
and women, and their provisions have worked to reduce the gender
gap and eliminate discrimination in all its forms in light of women
holding government positions. It is appreciated that the topic of the
research relates to Iraqi women, as the issue of their political
empowerment has gained great importance and has been achieved
There has been progress in terms of Iraqi women assuming state
positions and their contribution to political decision-making. The
political and constitutional history in Iraq indicates that the issue of women’s empowerment has varied from one constitution to another,
starting from the 1925 constitution, which belittled women’s rights
and did not explicitly refer to them, through the constitutions of the
Republican era before the year 2003, up to the permanent and
effective Constitution of Iraq for the year 2005, which witnessed a
great development in its explicit and clear reference to women in
more than one place, which is what is discussed in detail in this
research.

The issue of human rights has become one of the topics of great
importance in everything proposed or issued by the international
community. Enabling individuals to exercise their rights is often
linked to the stability of security and internal or external peace.
Therefore, it has become obligatory for the state to give human rights
a status. It is similar to its importance, and there is no way for it but
to establish real guarantees for its practice, whether constitutional
guarantees or in ordinary legislation within the state, and to work to
enable its practice and protection and not restrict it by others or even
by the authority, except for the requirements of the public interest or
to preserve the rights of others and the issue of Including human
rights in constitutions or ordinary legislation provides them with a
certain amount of protection required, especially in the constitution.
Due to the superiority and supremacy of the constitutional text over
the rest of the texts of legislation, there is no room left for the state to renounce its obligations towards enabling individuals to exercise
their rights, in addition to its obligations towards the international
community in accordance with international agreements, which
requires it to harmonize the texts contained in these agreements with
the internal legislative texts. All of this gives broad momentum to
adopt stronger human rights guarantees.

The right to education is one of the fundamental rights of a
social nature that requires the State to engage in positive behavior to
enable educators to enjoy it. Iraq's judiciary is independent and
subject only to the law, This authority extends to directing orders to
the Department and amending or cancelling its decisions and that
judicial control over the legality of public authorities' actions
constitutes the real guarantee of fundamental rights, The abolition
judge constitutes the key to adherence to the rule of law and depends
on respect for it in a broad sense that goes beyond mere adherence to
the provisions. to respect the content of the law in that it must protect
individuals' freedoms and rights The Iraqi judiciary has censored the
administration authority's actions and administrative decisions
through the ordinary courts at all.

The international community has sought to protect human rights
and promote respect for them. For this reason, many international
treaties and agreements were concluded. Most international
conventions and declarations emphasize the protection, respect and
promotion of human rights. The United Nations Charter of 1945
comes at the forefront of these charters, which formed the basis for
the protection of human rights, as well as the Universal Declaration
of Human Rights and the International Covenants on Civil and
Political Rights and Economic, Social and Cultural Rights. Hence,
states stipulated in their constitutions the protection of human rights
and enacted laws regulating this. But stipulating human rights in constitutions and legislation is
not enough to say that the state respects human rights and works to
protect and promote them in accordance with international standards.
There must be national institutions specialized in protecting human
rights and independent, and the names of these institutions may vary.
It may be a committee, council, institution, or commission. In Iraq,
these institutions are represented by the High Commission for Human
Rights. It is one of the state agencies, has administrative and financial
independence, and has a law that explains its structure and tasks. The
Commission consists of a Board of Commissioners and has offices
and branches in the governorates and regions. The Commission has
tasks and activities that may be powers to protect, or powers to
enhance the protection of human rights, or advisory powers with
regard to national legislation and proposing accession to
international agreements.

Charitable work is the voluntary work that a person provides for
the benefit of those in need as a matter of humanity.In some cases, the
concept of charitable work is linked to the concept of religiosity to do charitable work in order to obtain reward from God Almighty.There
are many backward images that fall within the circle of charitable
work, such as Helping the poor and orphans, or providing in-kind
assistance to some humanitarian cases afflicted by need, and
contributing to the treatment of the wounded or injured from various
natural disasters or wars, and this leads to defining charitable
organizations and what they contribute to the surrounding
environment.
The emergence of charitable societies was to serve humanity
and provide a helping hand to the needy in a more organized and
specialized manner.Charitable societies differ from each other in
terms of the vision and goals they set and the methodology they follow
in order to implement charitable work.Charitable societies usually
rely on the various activities that they carry out On donations that are
collected in different ways, as these associations are funded by
individuals, or with the support of some institutions or a specific
organization, and the definition of charitable associations includes
the exit of these associations from the circle of profit, as they do not
aim, in one way or another, to achieve financial goals.For
individuals, groups, or legal entities, it takes into account public
interests and seeks to achieve the social welfare of members of the
human community it serves.The activities conducted by these
charitable societies may be educational, religious, or recreational
activities.There is a set of laws that frame the work of charitable
societies.The provisions and details of these laws vary from one
country to another according to a set of considerations and
specificities for each country.There is also a set of important financial
figures that indicate the ability of charitable organizations to sustain
their various charitable activities for the coming years.Financing
charitable organizations is included in the definition of charitable
organizations.A group of funding sources that help charitable
organizations achieve the goals they seek to achieve, as collecting
donations from individuals or organizations supporting these
organizations may not be sufficient to provide appropriate financial
liquidity.

Any transgression of constitutional boundaries in the work of
constitutional institutions is dealt with by the constitutional judiciary
as an organized institution and a deterrent to overstepping the work
of those institutions, thus facilitating the process of communication
between them within a framework of balance. Adjust the relationship
between the state and individuals between the various constitutional
institutions within the framework of The principles of separation of
powers as well as within the limits of protecting rights and freedoms,
including the principle of equality before the law, and then reaching
that the state of law inevitably passes through the activation of the
constitutional judiciary, and the latter is the basis for the existence of
the state of law.

The right to freedom is one of the most important and inherent
rights of a human being. The importance of this right becomes clear
when a person wants to do something, whether this work is a civil
work or a commercial work. If he wants to practice a specific
commercial work, such as his participation in a company, such as a
joint-stock company, for example, we find him choosing this. He
works with his freedom and will, so this participation is not
considered a confinement to him. On the contrary, this company is
keen to give the shareholder the freedom to enter and leave it, as this
advantage is considered one of the most important advantages that these companies enjoy. Because the goal of these companies is a
financial goal and not a personal goal, in other words, the capital is
the goal that these companies seek, not the person of the shareholder,
and therefore the shareholder’s exit from them does not affect their
survival and sustainability. Accordingly, the shareholder has the right
to leave the company, especially if he does not wish to remain in it in
the event that the company takes another path to maintain its
existence and continuity, including merging with other companies.
Therefore, most legislation, including comparative Egyptian
legislation, grants the shareholder the right to leave the company
upon its merger and obtain his shares in different ways. Legal and
agreement, while there is no text in Iraqi legislation that allows the
shareholder to leave the company in this case.
The research concluded with a statement of the legal regulation
of the merger of joint-stock companies, and the effects of this merger,
the most prominent of which is protecting the rights of the
shareholders of these companies, such as granting them the right to
object to the merger decision, which was stipulated by Iraqi and
Egyptian legislators, and the right of the objector to leave the
company in the event that he does not wish to remain in the company.
When they were merged, as stipulated by the Egyptian legislator, the
research reached some results and recommendations.

Scientific development in modern means of communication,
especially in the field of information technology, the Internet, and
mobile phones, has had a major impact on the private lives of
individuals. In addition to this development, there is another aspect
characterized by selfishness, represented by the unlawful assault on
private life, which represents material and moral interests and values
that were and still are the subject of concern, as it facilitated Some
intruders use smart devices and digital photography methods, which
have become accessible to anyone, as a result of which they can take,
record, and transfer images in public places and even in homes and
private places, which has resulted in a serious violation of
individuals’ private lives. This requires intervention to stop these
violations by enacting special legislation to protect human personal
rights, as modern technological development requires that it coincide with the development of various legal rules related to the right to
private life7
How did the Iraqi legislator address the legal protection of the
right to private life in light of modern technologies? Was he
successful in protecting people and preserving their rights? To what
extent does the law interfere and affect this right, and to what extent
do traditional texts for civil protection of private life apply to attacks
committed through modern means of communication. ل

The Iraqi constitution of 2005 affirmed the right to live in a
healthy environment and ensured its protection and preservation, and
many legislations were issued that addressed this issue, and from this
point of view, in addition to the mechanisms and measures provided
for by the aforementioned legislations, we will address this issue
through the possibility of resorting to tax legislation (environmental
tax and its most important incentives) As one of the measures and
means adopted by many countries in order to preserve environmental
safety, we will try to show the extent of its effectiveness and its place
in relation to other measures, and the research has concluded a
number of conclusions and recommendations.

Human rights are among the main issues that emerged greatly
after 2003 and the American occupation of Iraq and with the great
and new challenges that Iraq witnessed during that critical period,
especially on the security level, human rights in Iraq have declined
dramatically and have become the Iraqi citizen aspires to obtain his
most basic rights, such as living a secure and dignified life. And
bypassing Iraq many of these challenges, whether on the security or
political level, have become a duty for the state and Its institutions
give great importance to human rights issues, especially with the
presence of a collective awareness among them people need to get
their full rights and their freedoms after a large number of protests
that it was witnessed by the Iraqi arena as an expression of dissatisfaction with the work of the state and its institutions and the
obvious shortcomings in it during many years, it has not been able to
achieve progress in it or meet the needs of the citizen, so it has
become incumbent on all state institutions today, especially since Iraq
is looking forward to making progress and development related to
reality economic, social and political to give human rights great
importance through a number of laws and legislation that guarantee
the rights of individuals from all segments of the people And what can
the Iraqi citizen from the feeling that he lives in a country that
provides and protects his rights as a citizen and that those rights
cannot be compromised and that the state and its institutions work to
strengthen and protect them, which will have the greatest impact on
the work of the state and the citizen's sense of satisfaction with its
work that provides them with these rights, which will be reflected in a
form or another on the state's policies and its endeavor to achieve the
desired progress and development.

Tourism cannot be a factor for development unless this is
achieved in a sustainable manner, and countries, including Iraq,
attach great importance to increasing and diversifying their
investments in tourist attractions, because these investments are the
effective tool for moving the tourism sector, so the latter is of great
importance and the authorities are working To encourage and
promote it to achieve sustainable tourism development. Tourism is a
complex human phenomenon and its importance increases day after day to be the locomotive that drives the development of other sectors
and an important strategic alternative in many developed and
developing countries alike, and since tourism is a model of diverse
and renewed relations between the peoples of the world and their
civilizations through processes During its development and
investments, tourism investment has emerged as a vital and effective
element in achieving this desired purpose, due to the procedures it
includes carried out by the responsible party or by decision-makers
with the aim of attracting tourists and working on the sustainability of
the tourism sector. Iraq, like other countries, attaches great
importance to increasing and diversifying its investments in tourist
attractions because these investments are an effective tool that
contributes in one way or another to achieving sustainable tourism
development. Tourism investment plays a strategic role and an
effective source in the development of the tourism sector due to the
economic, social, cultural and environmental benefits it achieves on
the national and local levels of tourist countries. Therefore, tourism
investment is one of the fundamental developments and fertile areas
within the framework of Iraq’s endeavor to advance and improve its
sector. Tourism, and here, for further clarification, we pose the
following question: If tourism investment is one of the prospects for
economic diversification, how can it be devoted to activating
sustainable tourism development in Iraq?

Praise be to God, Lord of the worlds alone, with no partner, and may
blessings and peace be upon the standing of the prophets,
Muhammad, and upon his family and companions, and whoever
follows his guidance until the Day of Judgment. As for what follows:
Islam is a religion with lofty principles embodied in the protection of
the individual in the society in which all people live. It is a general
message for all human beings. It is not specific to one people without
another, nor to one race without another, nor to one continent without
another. It addresses all sects and components of the community,
including Arabs, Muslims, Kurds, Turkmen, Christians, and Jews.
And others, his message is universal and his theory is universal,
which is to reform the human soul, especially since he bases his
dealings on preserving one of the five necessities, which is human
dignity and respect for the rights of Muslims and non-Muslims, and
the basis of its construction is on justice and equality, and this is
confirmed by the Almighty’s saying ((O people! We have created you from a male and a female and made you Peoples and tribes that you
may come to know each other: The most honorable of you in the sight
of God is the most pious. Indeed, God is All-Knowing, All-Aware.)
Islam has laid down foundations and rules for regulating all types of
human rights, whether between individuals and groups within the
Islamic community itself or between the Islamic community and other
human communities that differ with them in belief alike.

The judiciary has a major role in protecting the right to decent
work in Iraq through the presence of the Federal Supreme Court,
which is responsible for monitoring the constitutionality of laws
issued by the legislative authority. In addition to this court, there is
the Labor Court, which seeks to monitor the application of the
provisions of social laws related to workers (the Labor Law and the
Labor Law). Retirement and social security for workers), as the
presence of these two courts is an important guarantee in protecting
workers’ rights by enabling them to enjoy the right to work, as
judicial guarantees are considered one of the effective types of
guarantees to protect human rights and public freedoms, including
the right to decent work. Among this oversight is the judicial
oversight of the constitutionality of laws, as it is considered one of the
vital and important means of providing guarantees to protect rights from any violation or transgression by the authorities in the state.
Constitutions often assign this type of oversight to special
constitutional courts, and in addition to this type of courts there are
also Courts specialized in labor cases, responsible for adjudicating
various labor issues that may arise between employers on the one
hand and workers on the other hand. Or between them and the
government agencies concerned with labor issues. We see in these
two types of courts an important judicial guarantee that can be
resorted to by workers and employers whenever a dispute arises
between them regarding issues related to labor issues.

The right of parents to raise and care for minor children who
are unable to manage their affairs is a right established by the laws.
However, this right was not absolute, but rather specific in light of the
goal that the law approved for parents within the limits of their
upbringing without going beyond these rules established by the law,
otherwise it will be considered arbitrary in using this right. This right
granted to fathers over their children is in the interest of minors, so
most laws regulate this right. The Iraqi legislator has regulated the
rights of fathers in raising their minor children through the Care of
Minors Law No. (58) of 1980 regarding fathers’ care for their
children. In terms of guardianship, guardianship, reasons for taking
away guardianship, and the arrangement of guardians, the Egyptian
legislator also regulated these rights through Children’s Law No.
(126) of 2018. Therefore, we will divide our study on this protection
in this research into three demands preceded by an introduction. In
the first demand, we dealt with who takes the place of The father in
raising, caring for, and supervising him. The second requirement is
guardianship over the life and property of the minor. The third requirement deals with the termination of guardianship and the
withdrawal of wills, and finally the conclusion.

The issue of human rights, establishing them, and striving to
spread them, strengthen their concepts, and expand their scope of
coverage are still important issues that preoccupy the human mind in
general and the political mind in particular. Since the emergence of
the human community and up to contemporary times, man continues
to suffer from the violation of rights, various rights, in various places
and societies, both advanced and backward. Therefore, there is a
need to establish a discourse of tolerance as one of the important
means to address cases of human rights violations and to address the
turmoil and instability experienced by societies and countries alike,
including Iraq. Preoccupation with the concept of tolerance and its
role in dealing with these cases has become an urgent need, given the recurring cycles of violence, which have negatively affected the
stability of countries and societies, destabilized their existence,
robbed them of their identity, and dismantled their cohesion. The
preoccupation with the concept of tolerance is based on the idea that,
Coexistence that is built on the values of tolerance, dialogue, and
bonds of cooperation and sharing can be built upon and can continue
without the types of coexistence built on the basis of a balance of
power, weapons, and money. This study is an attempt to address a
basic problem: reliance on extremism, violence, and lack of tolerance
represents one of the prominent signs of contemporary societies,
especially our Arab and Islamic societies, and its continuation is
considered one of the great challenges to humans and their rights,
especially the basic ones represented by their right to live and be safe,
and their right to think, opinion, and belief.

The Iraqi people suffered from many crises that befell the
country throughout the previous period, specifically after 2003, which
had a significant impact on political stability, which necessitated
international action regarding it. The most important of these
international trends was the United Nations decision to establish its
mission in Iraq for the purposes of protecting human rights. Namely,
(the UNAMI mission), in addition to other objectives that serve the
purposes set forth in the charter of the international organization. The
mission’s work actually began after the year above and was at its
peak after the sectarian events in the country in 2007, as well as after
the entry of ISIS after 2014, and continues. The mission has worked
so far in the areas of preserving and protecting human rights in the
country.

The structure of Iraqi society is characterized as a tribal
structure dominated by social customs and clan traditions, which
impose, with its inherited culture, a masculine authority based on a
view of inferiority. Women are then a secondary entity as a result of
erroneous interpretations of some religious texts that made them
impose distinct and different rights between men and women, and at
the same time made women helpless and marginalized due to the tide.
Tribalism sweeps away the status and role of women in Iraqi society.
In the face of this situation, it was necessary to resort to the law as an
effective tool that seeks justice and equality and sees all men and
women as citizens in one society with integrated rights and duties.

Islamic law has made clear, with all its orders, prohibitions,
and rulings, to achieve, care for, and preserve people’s interests,
whether present or non-existent, from the tampering of the corrupt
and the corruption of corruptors. Human rights are an important
legitimate goal of Islamic legislation and a main starting point for
human humanity. It is the only reference for human rights, and this
calls for a praiseworthy return to the law. Islam is a doctrine,
jurisprudence, thought and application, so that man can enjoy the
shadows of the Sharia and its preservation, in order to establish
human rights in practice and application, not just flashy slogans
raised here and there devoid of spirit and conscience, and this is what
we will show in this research, God willing.
I have divided this research entitled: “The objectives of Islamic
law and its relationship to human rights” into three sections, several
demands, and a conclusion.

Nationality is a human right, as it has been endorsed by most of
the international legislations of most countries even the constitutions
of those coutries affirmed this right and this right and made it a right
enjoyed by both sexes, man or woman, without distinction between
them. Nationality has importance in the life of the individual and the
state, as it is the legal tool to determine The people of the state, which
is the main gateway to rights and duties, and given the endorsement
of the principle of equality in the right to nationality for both sexes, this was reflected in giving the woman, as a wife sharing with the
husband in the same family, this wife was granted her right to
nationality just like the husband by allowing the laws of some
countries to pass her nationality on to her children as an example By
the husband, the latter is no longer the only person in the family to
grant the nationality, but the wife has a right to the nationality equal
to the husband's. Especially in the case of mixed marriages, and
among these laws are the Iraqi. Nationality Law No. 26 of 2006 in
force and the Egyptian Nationality Law No. 154 of 2004. However,
these laws had foundations and Certain controls for the wife to
exercise her right to nationality, just like the husband, and the
principle of equality in the right to nationality between husband and
wife as an international principle, but it is considered recent in the
laws of some countries that recognize the equal right of the wife to he
husband to nationality, which raised in their laws some problems
related to granting the wife her nationality to her husband or her
children Young children, especially what is elated to the type of
nationality granted by the wife, and all this ad legal and international
effects on both the husband and the children alike, which requires the
legislators of these countries o intervene by finding some solutions to
reduce some of the negatives that may be considered a violation of the
wife's right nationality Like the husband.

Sanctions at the United Nations take the form of a complete
system expressed in Chapter Seven of the United Nations Charter,
which includes provisions that are binding in letter and spirit for all
countries, whether members or not members of the United Nations
Among these sanctions are non-military sanctions, which derive their
legitimacy from the text of Article 41 of the United Nations Charter,
which extends to a group of measures that do not include the direct
use of armed force, which are In the commercial, financial,
transportation, tourism, and other embargo measures, that is, on the
economic aspects rather than the other military or diplomatic aspects.
These economic measures were practiced in different ways and
methods, which resulted in the emergence of different types of
economic sanctions, including embargoes, boycotts, economic
blockades, and others.

Guaranteeing a person’s right to a decent living and finding job
opportunities or guaranteeing his life’s requirements is guaranteed by
Islamic law and law through international charters and agreements.
The right to social security is one of the important human rights that
countries, including Iraq, seek to embody in their economic and
social policy and apply it effectively on the ground to include all
aspects. Which falls within the social protection of members of
society, by establishing a legal system that helps achieve the set goals
through the formulation of various legal texts regulating this. The
existence of a social security system is an essential foundation in any
state and society that respects human humanity and responds to all
principles, charters and declarations related to human rights.
Commitment to legislating laws and issuing regulations and
instructions regarding the right to social security for individuals and
covering, comprehensiveness and provision of all application requirements. The requirements of legal regulation confirm that there
are guarantees that confirm and document the process of meeting
benefits to beneficiary parties in terms of place and time in
accordance with the contexts. There is no doubt that Iraq is one of the
countries that adhere to principles, standards and rules. It is binding
and provides all guarantees that help guarantee human rights,
including his right to social security

The Western world is going through dangerous social
transformations, represented by a transition from the era of
religiosity to the era of humanism (humanism), where man completely
separated his existence from God and relied on his person as a source
of values, ideals and ideas, which stripped him of religious values that
in turn govern the behavior and rights of individuals. In society, our
Arab and Islamic world was not spared from the intellectual and
social invasion, as it formed radical revolutions in the issue of social
concepts and values, as it is part of the world, and was engulfed by a
massive phenomenon of changing values and morals. This
phenomenon has appeared since the beginnings of modernity and the
era of Western enlightenment and has continued step after another.
To this day, what has helped this change, and contributed to it, is the
tremendous electronic development, which humanity has never
witnessed in the speed of capturing and transmitting events and news,
making the world like a small village. As a result of this, the Arab and
Islamic world has witnessed in the current era a wave of major
transformations in ideology and ideas. And social values, which
greatly influenced the intellectual, behavioral and social sphere in
general of the Arab Muslim individual. Modern ideology has directly
affected the speed of the transmission of ideas and the invasion of
information represented by the electronic revolution, which aims to
subjugate our Arab societies with their various religions, sects and ethnicities in moving from conservative values to new values inspired
by references other than the reference that our ancestors had, the
reference with its customs and traditions based on the basis Its source
is Islamic law, represented by the tolerant Islamic teachings of
Muhammad, and its aim is to strip the Muslim individual of any link
that unites the past generation, which had specific cultural, social and
Islamic value paths to generations different from the previous ones,
acquired from modern Western social values through the
transmission of ideas that are contrary to the Islamic religion. Arab
customs and traditions, and perhaps the most prominent of them are
social values, have changed in our familial, social, and even religious
reality. It is discovered without effort that the educational discourse
and the inclinations of young people have changed as well as their
interests. Indeed, even families are witnessing a disruption and
collapse that is unparalleled in Arab social development, as the West
deliberately spread and disseminate their ideas. Poisonous things in
the minds of Muslim generations, such as gender, homosexuality,
transgenderism, and cohabitation, in addition to spreading anti-
Islamic ideas such as burning the Qur’an to incite division between
religions and spread chaos under the guise of freedom of opinion and
expression, including the issue of spreading atheism and the lack of
family ties between family members. ...etc. All these ideas and
phenomena aim to disintegrate and disintegrate social values and the
family bond between members of the same family, especially since
Islam guarantees human rights and even gives it priority in existence,
within its existential being in the universe. From here came the idea
of our research to study (modern Western ideology and its impact
on... The system of social values in Islamic societies), as this study
came to explain the ideas and phenomena spread recently that have
surfaced, as they have nothing to do with the human, moral and social
values of Muhammadiyah, except for one goal, which is to sabotage
and destroy the system of Arab and Islamic social values so that
chaos may prevail. Corruption in the Islamic world, and thus deprives
a person of all his natural human rights, and from here came the idea
of this study.

In this research, we address a vital topic related to the extent to
which the new media contributes to the promotion of human rights,
especially in light of the spread of media outlets, which now present
downward models that carry many abuses of human beings, their
personal freedom, and their rights to live and live a safe life away
from interference. Our goal is to stand on:
- The extent to which the media plays its independent role in the
field of human rights.
- The mutual influence between new media and human rights.
- Identify the most important Iraqi legislation in the field of new
media.
- The role of new media in promoting respect for human rights and
promoting human development.

Praise be to God, Lord of the Worlds, and may blessings and peace
be upon His Noble Messenger, and upon all his family and
companions. Now then:
Anyone who considers the Sunnah of the Prophet fairly will notice
that it is a unique and comprehensive model for legislating human
rights, protecting them, preserving them, and recognizing their
importance. Indeed, the Holy Prophet, may God bless him and grant
him peace, himself was a unique role model in this regard. As all the
sublime meanings of humanity were embodied in him in all aspects of his blessed life His words did not belie his actions, he never neglected
people’s rights, and he did not assault the freedoms of others.
Muslims, non-Muslims, covenants, and others, and far from it, for he
is the owner of great morals and upright religion. Indeed, human
history - across long generations and centuries - has not known a
prophet, nor a reformer, more perfect than our Prophet Muhammad,
may God bless him and grant him peace, in terms of his application of
human principles and rights. Likewise, history has not known until
today, and until the Hour of Judgment. A nation that cared for human
rights and cared for them as much as the nation of Muhammad, may
God bless him and grant him peace, and the talk here is about the
most important aspects of “preserving human rights” in the Sunnah
of the Prophet: the right to life, the right to freedom, the rights to
equality, the right to self-defense, the right of the individual to a fair
trial, and blocking the pretexts that lead to murder and retribution. In
murder, the prohibition of suicide, the right to security, and the right
to social freedom

Praise be to God, Lord of the Worlds, and prayers and peace be upon
the Master of Messengers Muhammad (may God bless him and grant him
peace) and upon all his family and companions.
Human is the main factor of the Islamic religion, the religion that
honors man and prefers him above all other creatures. If we looks carefully to
the provisions contained in the Holy Qur’an as the main source of Islamic
legislation and the purified Sunnah of the Prophet as a second source, we will
find that there are hundreds of noble Qur’anic verses and noble prophetic
hadiths that It clearly stated the important fundamental rights that a person
should enjoy., it can be said with impartiality that Islamic law was prior to
man-made laws in determining the rights and freedoms of the child, which
came in the most complete and widest form. In fact, it represents the first
universal declaration of the rights of the child, and Islamic law in this field had
the greatest impact on human thought. Some saw the Universal Declaration of
Human Rights as general:
1948 AD does not dissent the principles of Islamic
law except in rare cases, and it is still below the level of the image drawn by
Islamic law for the system of human rights and freedoms. Since the provisions of Islamic Sharia pertain to all of humanity, and
are not exclusive to Muslims, every society can seek help from them and apply
them according to the prevailing circumstances in it, and since man is the goal
of all heavenly messages, God Almighty has favored him over the rest of his
creatures and honored him with the Almighty’s saying: (And We have honored
the children of Adam. And We carried them on land and sea, and provided for
them with good things, and favored them over many of those whom We created
with great distinction.” (Surat Al-Isra, verse 70).
Due to the abundance and complexity of human rights, I chose to
research the rights of the child between Islamic law and Iraqi law, considering
that this stage is the most important stage in human life. The rights of the child
approved by Islam are eternal natural rights imposed by the divine will as an
integral part of the blessing of God Almighty upon man.
The research was titled: Children’s rights between Islamic law and
Iraqi law.
It explained that children's rights are a set of individual and personal
rights that focus on the status of their bearer as a child and a human being in
need of care and attention. Due to the importance of this issue, we find that
Islam has paid special attention to the child and recognized a number of rights
for him even before his eyes saw the light of day. Islam urges the man to
choose a righteous and religious wife, so that in the future she will be a good
mother who will take care of her husband’s affairs and her home and be
responsible for raising her children correctly and rightly. After his birth, Islam
recognizes and grants the child a set of rights,
Such as his right to life, lineage,
name, breastfeeding, custody, inheritance, etc. This concern by Islamic law for
the child came as evidence of the greatness of Islam and its emphasis on
respect for human rights, which it considered to be something that
accompanies respect for humanity and dignity, which God recognized for this
creature. The issue of child care began to take a clear turn in response and
harmony with the influences and variables that aimed to focus attention on
children’s affairs and concerns. Iraqi law also paid great attention to
children’s rights by legislating laws that protect the child’s entity from all that
harms him, and they began to be viewed on the basis that they are human
rights. It is universal and cannot be overlooked or postponed. The research was divided into three sections: The first section: I talked
about the concept of right linguistically, terminologically, and legally. The
second section: I talked about the rights of the child and the provisions
brought by Islamic law that protect the child with all his life’s belongings. The
third section: I talked about the legislation that puts by The Iraqi legislator in
a way that preserves the rights of the child, and I concluded the research withthe conclusion and recommendations that preserve the rights of the child and a
list of references.

This study deals with inheritance as one of the controversial
concepts that have become the subject of dispute between two groups,
one of which calls for liberation, and the other calls for equality.
Each of these two groups has its evidence to prove the validity of its
opinions, and therefore we are about to present the opinions of each
of these groups and discuss them. Objectivity to ultimately arrive at
which of the opinions is more acceptable and consistent with the
existence of both men and women.