Journal of University of Babylon

The aim of the research is to identify the reflection ofonline social interaction on family interdependence and the effects of online social interaction. The researcher followed the analytical descriptive approach, and the sample of the research consisted of 50 married women , The researcher used the identification for research purposes and found out to the researcher through an individual survey that the reason for their online communication, It is easy to express all the opinions, thoughts and feelings they cannot express in normal life. and the findings that online social interaction reflects negatively on family interdependence, as well as on the relationship between spouses .

The aim of the research was to know the level of job involvement among employees in the Faculty of Education in Aleppo. A study was created of(34) employees in the Faculty of Education in Aleppo. It succeeded in experimenting with a questionnaire for researchers about the level of job involvement, divided into three axes(physical(behavioral) involvement, cognitive involvement for creative involvement, and emotional involvement for Brazilians). Descriptive classes that are not appropriate for the nature of the study are also applied. The research reached the following results: There is a high level of involvement among employees in the Faculty of Education in Aleppo. There are statistically significant differences in the level of job involvement among employees in the Faculty of Education in Aleppo attributed to a variable. There are no statistically significant differences in the level of job involvement among employees in the Faculty of Education in Aleppo attributed to the variable of academic qualifications and years of experience.

This study aimed to know the degree of availability of innovative thinking among primary school students in the city of Aleppo. To achieve the objectives of the study, the descriptive analytical approach was used. The researcher also applied the Torrance formal test as a study tool on a sample of (80) male and female students from the fourth and fifth grades of primary school. The study indicated the following results: There are statistically significant differences in the degree of availability of innovative thinking in favor of the sample average, which was higher than the hypothetical average, and that there are no statistically significant differences at the level of significance in the degree of innovative thinking among primary school students in the city of Aleppo attributed to the gender variable. In addition, there are statistically significant differences in the degree of innovative thinking among primary school students attributed to the age variable in favor of fourth grade students who are younger than fifth grade students

The study aimed to demonstrate the aesthetics of narration among contemporary Saudi female storytellers - Hakeema Al-Harbi as a model. It used the descriptive analytical approach, and included an introduction, a preface, two chapters, and a conclusion (results of the study):
Preface: Addressing the narrative discourse of Saudi female short stories in light of experimentation
The first chapter: Features of the aesthetics of place and characters in the stories of Hakima Al-Harbi
The second chapter: Features of the aesthetics of creative language in the stories of the short story writer Hakima Al-Harbi.
It reached several results, the most prominent of which are:
The Saudi female short stories presented a distinguished narrative discourse in all the artistic components of the short story, language, rhetoric, artistic plot, and a tight narrative and skillful portrayal of the characters of the story.
The short story writer was keen to show the aesthetics of the place through the accurate sensory description of the place, while showing the precise psychological characteristics that distinguish those who inhabit the place (village - city) .
The short story writer Hakima Al-Harbi employed in her stories the eloquence of expression and the extremely beautiful rhetorical image, the grandeur of the style and the richness of the linguistic vocabulary.
The objective language in Hakima Al-Harbi's stories was characterized by being a pictorial language that aimed to reduce the larger goal to a smaller and more concise goal. The events here were narrated within the language, so they became present at the level of the text.
The short story writer Hakima Al-Harbi resorted to employing poetic language by using intensive rhetorical patterns in a few paragraphs within the narration process.

This research examines "The Employment of Security Media in Contemporary Iraqi Theatrical Texts: The Play 'Agencies' as a Case Study" to investigate the explicit and implicit manifestations of security media within the structures of theatrical texts and their intellectual and aesthetic impact on the audience. Arab theatrical texts have drawn on global theatrical traditions to employ security media, utilizing its role in addressing issues relevant to the Arab individual and the socio-political disturbances that shape their experiences. These texts leverage culturally and expressively unique elements to transform theatrical works into platforms for security media, aimed at delivering impactful messages to the audience.
Similarly, Iraqi theatrical texts have integrated security media to address societal issues, highlight the concerns of citizens, and raise awareness about the realities of ongoing conflicts. Through their works, playwrights play a crucial role in fostering awareness and revealing the influence of security media on Iraqi thought and decision-making.
The study consists of four chapters. Chapter One, the Methodological Framework, discusses the research problem, articulated as the question: "What is security media, and how is it employed in contemporary Iraqi theatrical texts, with the play 'Agencies' as a case study?" The significance of the research lies in exploring the nature of security media and its societal impact, serving as an academic resource for students of fine arts. The objective of the research is to identify the use of security media in Iraqi theatrical texts, with a focus on "Agencies" (2014) by Ammar Naama Jabir. The scope of the research is limited to the year 2014 and the study of Iraqi theatrical texts. The chapter concludes with definitions of key terms.
Chapter Two, the Theoretical Framework, includes two sections. The first explores the concept of security media and the philosophical theories that address its role across various aspects of life. The second examines the employment of security media in global theatrical texts, including Western, Arab, and Iraqi works. The chapter concludes with a review of previous studies and the theoretical framework's indicators.
Chapter Three, the Research Methodology, analyzes the play "Agencies" as the primary sample for this study.
The researchers reached the following conclusions:
1. Philosophy has a direct impact on media in general and on societal security in particular, as reflected in theatrical texts in an aesthetic manner.
2. Combating rumors was evident as a deterrent against misinformation spread through media within society, as portrayed in theatrical works.
3. Exposing corrupt individuals and safeguarding public funds were among the playwright's key priorities within their media-oriented approach.
4. The playwright employed counter-security propaganda as a media tool to confront terrorism and extremism through theatrical presentation.
The study concludes with recommendations, suggestions for future research, references.

The research aimed to know the role of the teacher in promoting social values among students in the second cycle of basic education in the city of Aleppo from the students' point of view. The researcher followed the descriptive analytical approach in the research. The research tool consisted of a questionnaire consisting of (20) items prepared by the researcher. The psychometric properties (validity and reliability) were verified in the current research community. The tool was applied to a sample of (350) male and female students from the second cycle of basic education in the city of Aleppo. The research reached the following results:
1- The role of the teacher in promoting social values among students in the second cycle of basic education was positive and high.
2- There are no statistically significant differences in the role of the teacher in promoting social values among students in the second cycle of basic education according to the variable of social value (cooperation, social communication).
3- There are no statistically significant differences in the role of the teacher in promoting social values among students in the second cycle of basic education according to the variable of gender (males, females).
In light of the research results, the researcher presented a number of proposals:
1. The need for the Ministry of Education in general and the school and teacher in particular to pay attention to promoting and developing social values among students in the second cycle of basic education.
2. Directing those responsible for developing and following up on curricula and school books to include educational activities that develop the values of cooperation and social communication among students.
3. Preparing training courses for male and female teachers that include activities to enhance social values among students and the proposed.

Scenography of the theatrical show is considered one of the most supports that stage anthropology relied on because it includes aesthetics and optic magician in drawing a picture that imitate the aim of director or designer، and most of stage shows that follow anthropology and deal with artistic and scenographic performance، that is determined through social، intellectual and cultural environment and according to what will result in their style and method that pertain concentration to produce aesthetic meaning، Social، intellectual and cultural، and according to what is interpreted as their own style and approach in condensing to produce aesthetic meaning، notably since the culture of the director/designer presented a new vision that depends on ideas and innovations with a displacement transformation of the value system among the scenographic elements، relying on social ethnicity in employing the anthropological theatrical uniform in a multi vision formal language. The constructivism presented in the show mimics the rest of the technical elements within an anthropological framework. Therefore، the director/designer has a huge task in inspiration anthropology in creating authoritative transformations of the aesthetic system among the scenographic elements with a visual interaction with a multiple languages of the constructivist image presented in the theatrical show has modern methods that imitate societal rituals and which emanate from the references of the director/designer who has a conscious mind and has the ability to submit new readings and contemporary and modern aspirations that depends on composition and collage through his technical organization to produce an anthropological outfit.
Hence، the current research includes four chapters. The first chapter included the research problem that emanated from following question.:
- What is anthropology and how is it represented to design the outfit in the contemporary Iraqi theatrical performances?
While the importance of the current research was embodied in studying one of the topics that reveals the employment of anthropology in designing the outfit، which is one of the tasks that is expected to be solved by the director/designer and arriving at a technical vision in a readable visual image that amazes the recipient in the theatrical presentation، as for the limits of the research time limit was determined on the year 2024، and the spatial limit came in Iraq، Babylon Governorate / Hamza Nouri Sport Club. As for the objective limit، it is a study of anthropology and its visual representations in the design of theatrical outfit within the theatrical show.
While second chapter، it included two sections. The first section dealt with studying the concept of anthropology، starting with its roots in theater throughout history، and the changes and developments it brought about that affected the level of theatrical presentation. The second section concerned with studying the concept of anthropology and its similarity in the design of theatrical uniforms among contemporary directors/designers. Then the chapter concluded with the indicators that resulted from the theoretical framework. As for the third chapter، it included the research procedures. The researcher presented the play (White Curse)، directed by Dr. Mohammad Hussein Habib، as an analytical sample for the research، relying on the descriptive approach in analyzing his sample. In the fourth chapter، the researcher came up with a set of results، conclusions، sources and references. The research ended in the fourth chapter by listing the results of the sample analyzing، the most important ones were:
1- Theatrical outfit is submitted under the authority by the director/designer who has the right to add، cut and modify the used raw materials to adapt the climate of the show.
The chapter also included a bunch of conclusions، the most important of them were:
1- The contribution of anthropological theatrical outfit in speculation the theatrical scene، which carries social and intellectual dimensions، consisting of evidences and signals that enter into the actor’s composition and behavior.

The postmodernist idea of law rejects the idea of objective truth and challenges the idea of a single universal narrative. In the context of jurisprudence, postmodernism also questions the neutrality and objectivity of legal systems, focusing on the role of language, power, and social context in shaping legal meaning. It also draws attention to the indeterminacy and ambiguity in legal language, and postmodern interpretations of law can include critical consideration of legal inequalities and analysis. Its theoretical normative character is through the method to complete the philosophy of law project. What is important in this study is to understand the concept of postmodernism in order to reveal the most important obstacles and variables and reshape modernist approaches by examining the modern complexities and contradictions and not believing in the grand narratives as Lyotard sees them. Therefore, practices can be used. Criticality associated with postmodern philosophy, such as deconstruction, as an interpretive tool to ensure recognition of a set of values and norms Different and diverse or viewed as a philosophy, postmodernism rejects the notions of rationality, objectivity, and universal truth. Instead, it emphasizes the diversity of human experience and the multiplicity of perspectives. This is why the postmodern approach requires that the researcher trace certain meanings or interpretations through their relationships with other meanings and interpretations. It has challenged the idea of the existence of certainties. Or universal truths. Postmodernism drew on the philosophy of the mid-to-late twentieth century and advocated that individual experience and the interpretation of our experience were more concrete than abstract principles.

This study depicts the transitivity system used in reading passages for the 4th preparatory student’s textbook in English for Iraq (garnet series). This study aims at 1: Identifying the most prevalent process types used in the reading passages of English textbooks for Iraqi secondary school students and 2: Determining the implications of the most dominant process type. This study is conducted by using qualitative and quantitative analyses. In most cases, material processes are used. It is, therefore, appropriate to note that several passages in English textbooks for secondary schools include actions or describe events that take place physically. Accordingly, the process used in reading passages signified action, action taken, or what is done.

The current research deals with the study of the mind effectualness and its functioning in the European Renaissance drawings as rationality is not only a cognitive trend، but it is an effective driver for all intellectual and social activities، as it affects the system، principles and laws، and any transformation in it changes the comprehensive system of each era، including the arts and their methods.
The research consists of four sections، the first of which introduces the research problem، its importance، need for it، the aim and limits and finally the definitions of relevant terms. The second section includes the theoretical framework that encompasses two topics: mind effectualness in the philosophical aspect and the Renaissance art، its foundations and starting point. While the third section contains the research procedures which deals with the research sample comprising 60 works from which 3 models are analysed. The fourth section presents the results، conclusions، recommendations and recommendations. Some of the results are:
1- Mind effectualness seems to benefit from the philosophical concepts and their reflections on the plastic aspect، as art opened up to cognitive powers such as imagination and intuition، which have given art diversity in styles، techniques and ways of expressing the era and its aesthetic taste that changes according to that era. As is clear from the analysis of the research samples.
2- The rationality of the Renaissance found its model in life and human nature within the framework of sensual and worldly persuasion، so art was the broad field for achieving this purpose، and adopting the ideal model based on the golden ratios and showing the beauty of the figurative form and rational performance that helps in regulating the details and controlling its parts.

There is no doubt and no room for debate that the subject of conflict of laws in general is one of the basic subjects, and in particular dealing with cultural property.
It is a major subject of private international law in relation to civil matters whenever one of the elements of the legal relationship is a foreign element.
Here appears another concept represented by the law applicable to disputes arising from that relationship, so the issue of conflict of laws is one of the issues in which cultural property is a subject that raises a lot of problems in the field of private international law.
The first: relates to understanding the content and scope of the idea of cultural property as a type of property, the second: the possibility of a conflict arising between laws due to the possession of cultural property and how to resolve this conflict by determining the appropriate attribution officer and the possibility of applying the law, the third: the international judicial jurisdiction of the courts of the country that is the origin of this property, and the fourth: the mandatory rules in the national law of the country of origin of the property or the country of the court that is considering the dispute.

Social institutions have a central role to establish and spread values within society, especially the value of tolerance as a necessary requirement and a manifestation of peaceful human instinct as a social behavior that ensures living in peace and harmony among members of society and creating a tolerant and civilized social being, which is an essential and essential view in the context of multiplicity of trust. Which includes different doctrines and religions, which qualifies the tolerant to interact positively with his social milieu, in order to achieve stability, whether at the personal or social level and provide the requirements of sustainable social development. Tolerance has its moral values, its human virtues and its positive effects, both on a personal level. Tolerance with its lofty values and foundations inspires stability, provides the elements of investment in a safe manner and works to create opportunities for social and sustainable development, as a way of life that establishes for future generations a bright future rooted in cooperation and interdependence among the members of society.