AL-AMEED JOURNAL

Curse is an appeal to Allah, Most Praised and Most Glorified
, asking for His punishment against someone. The act of curse
has been studied psychologically , sociologically, linguistically and
even pragmatically, but the major concern of such studies deals
with curse from Allah, Most Praised and Most Glorified , to people.
Accordingly, this study attempts to deal with the act of curse
uttered by someone who suffers a lot from someone else, her suffering
leads her to express a wish that Yezid is to incur misfortune
as the sayyeda Zeinab curses him due to the harm that he causes
to her.
Keywords: Pragmatics, Curse, Al- Sayyeda Zeinab(PBUH), and
Pragma- Rhetorical Strategies.

The current study tackles the two sermons of sayada. Zeinab , the first happened
when she repaired to Kufa in a caravan as slave in 61 Hijra and encompassed by
soldiers , pondered over the tears of the Kufa people , hearkening to their weeping
, never got convinced with the hollow ostentation and conveyed her words to
them all. Yet the second sermon takes place in Levant , Yazid meeting, in the face
of the dictator of the Umayyad people with his entourage and other people from
different religions , Sayada. Zeinab summons herself with virtue to defeat proudly
vice after experiencing the deeds of Yazid . Though there is no parity between the
two poles, the two sermons float into surface with transparency ,eloquence and
the religious and political gestures to refute the unjust under sordid circumstances
and most fatal dangers.
The study manifests the ways in which the language gests exploited in these
sermons in light of the speech acts theory invented by the philosopher Osteen
(1960) and then developed at the hand of his student Sirel (19698) , such a theory
is regarded as the most important one in pragmatics . The research paper observes
the impact of the speech acts and the style on the sermons.
Structurally accounting, the study defines the theory ; concept and parts,
takes certain excerpts from the sermons to be explicated in terms of the four
speech acts components : locutionary act, illocutionary act , and perlocutionary
act , and elucidates the impact of the verb on creating the speech act along with
the performance force running in line with the category of the fifth speech acts :
directives, assertives, declaratives , expressives and comissives .

Being politically and socially engaged, the Iraqi poet Adnan Al-
Sayegh wrote a number of what might be termed ‘The Dictator Poems’
in which he sheds light on the nature of the Cult of Personality
that can be considered a natural outcome of the political system in
modern Iraq. These poems present very gruesome and ghastly pictures
of life dominated by a ruthless and bloodthirsty dictatorial system
that kept on violating human rights and abusing power. The paper
aims at exploring the manifestations of the ‘Cult of Personality’
in a number of Al-Sayegh’s poems. First, it introduces dictatorship
as a political system that runs contrary to the values of freedom,
humanity and civilized life; it also focuses on the tyrannical and
totalitarian regime that reigned Iraq for about forty years. Having
established the theoretical background, the paper then presents a
critical analysis of some of Al-Sayegh’s poems that deal with Cult of
Personality . The conclusion argues that the aim of Al-Sayegh is not
only to criticize and protest against the offenses and law-breakings
of dictators, but also to warn them that they are the big losers who
are to live and die alone and isolated from others.

The actual study repairs to explicating the two sermons of Seida: Zeinab Al-
Kubra ( Peace be upon her ) in Kufa and in Levant contemplating the portrait of
the other on its merits and demerits scale .In the section one , does it tackles both
the demerits as there is evident negativeness and focus on these two sermons as
there is revelation to the epoch with its truth , humanity shades , doctrines and
whatever does good to people lingers on earth , in time the most sapient abode
to utter the truth is the abode of the prophetic progeny.
Yet the section two manipulates the merits of the other , as the positivesness ,
hyperberbele , stems from one source though there are many a character and a
scope , since the merit in the sermon is inspiration , it is an answer of an infallible
whose niche comes to the fore in the revelation message , prophecy and imamate
, that is why such niches geminate the sermons and the Quranic presence takes
so great a tributary to them through two isles : direct quotation from the Glorious
Quran , as explicated in the study, and indirect quotation , the target of the study.

T oday, the greatest danger the Islamic nation faces is the risk of takfirizing
extremism that threatens the entity of the nation, represents the biggest
point perdition to souls and potentials and tarnishes the image of Islam in
the world as a religion of terrorism and violence. Thus in order to eradicate
this dangerous scourge, we should referred to the Koran as the first Muslims
constitution of life in all cases, and also Ahlulbayt which protect the nation from
all deviations and misguidance. Ahlulbayt have shown that the best approach
to reduce the phenomenon of extremism takfir, is the prevention, through
psychological, religious and social upbringing built on solid foundations. As
well as the achievement of justice in society and the consolidation of solidarity
among its members. In the case of an outbreak of the phenomenon as first
stage a therapeutic methods, consisting of good dialogue leading to correct
misperceptions must be applied, in order to achieve reconciliation and a return
to these extremists to the right path. Otherwise, it is inevitable surrounding or
eradicate them if necessary, and then purge the nation of the disease, taking
into account all the necessary precautions in order of not fall in again.
Key words: Ahlulbayt, takfiri extremism, the prevention, therapeutic methods,
dialogue, eradication.

There has been a great deal of debate during the Islamic history amongst
Muslim scholars, jurists and intellectuals over lawfulness/unlawfulness of the
issue of translating the Qur’an into other languages. Such a controversial issue has
divided Muslim scholars into two distinct groups. The first group argues against
allowing the Qur’an to be translated under the pretext that the scripture has its
very specific divine, linguistic and cultural characteristics hence it is untranslatable,
while the other group argues for allowing the Qur’an to be translated claims that
it is the final divine word to mankind hence its message ought to be understood by
all human beings regardless of their religious, linguistic, and cultural backgrounds,
and there is no way to do so but to translate it into other languages. In their
attempt to justify their views, each group draws on the Qur’an itself and Sunna
(Prophetic Tradition). This paper concerns itself with identifying and analysing
the different viewpoints concerning this crucial issue. It contains five sections and
a conclusion. The first section sheds light on the issue of translating the Qur’an
at the time of the Prophet Muhammad. The second section, however, addresses
this issue after the era of the Prophet. The third section provides some insights
into the stance of Al-Azhar scholars in regards with the issue. Whereas, the forth
section underscores the attitudes of modern Shiites scholars. Finally, the fifth
section deals with some observations of contemporary intellectuals specialised in
Qura’nic studies. The paper concludes with a brief overview outlining the reality
of translating the Qur’an into other languages at the present time.

Certainty is of important loci the scholars of speech and philosophy have
affirmed. For surety , it is the antidote to doubt, science is the antithesis of
ignorance, and science runs as science for certainty ; the soul reverts to it .
However , all the shades of certainty are knowledge, yet not is all knowledge
certainty . To fathom Him , it is to contemplate himself or any creature on earth
: there is no an organ without a function , such shows a definite indication of
the will and determination, everything comes with a cause , in time man never
pays attention to the means . For certainty there are three contours ; the science
of certainty , the sheer science , the right of certainty , the science of certainty
tackles insight and sight as it is to know that water is in the sea , the sheer science
does the observation and evidence as it is to promenade by the sea and ponder
over and the right of certainty does the science and the observation altogether
as it is to plunge into the sea or as it is to know the right by observation and
get mingled with ; in the schools of philosophy there are certain departments
: mathematic or logical certainty , self-certainty and objective certainty . The
research paper includes five sections :
Section one : concept of certainty language and terminology. Section two : thresholds of certainty and philosophical vision.
Section three: the concept of certainty in the Glorious Quran ( Philosophical and
Conversational Vision).
Section four : ranks of certainty in the Glorious Quran ( Philosophical and
Conversational Vision).
Section five : Sections of certainty ( Philosophical Vision)

Electricity is regarded as an essential factor in our daily lives because it
represents the fundamental infrastructure in various production sectors. We can't
by no means, ignore the use of electricity simply because there are electrical
machines or instruments everywhere to give us ease and freedom to practice our
everyday life. For its great importance, this research tackles the use of electrical
generators which are widely used because of the deficiencies in power produced
by the national electricity net. The research also sheds light on the concepts, the
stages of development , the features, and the defects of generators. Moreover,
the research concentrates on the natural, economical, and human factors
necessary for operating generators. Finally, the research explains the problems
the generators suffered from and the problems they causes.

That man is endowed with certain qualifications : taste, intelligence , perception
and conception , accumulative experience and application from generation to
generation , the passions of optimism and pessimism comes to the fore as a locus
of the current paper to highlight the literary texts reading and explication .

The international system has witnessed after the 2011 drastic shifts in the
balance of power ; one for the Arab world represented in the so-called revolution,
the Arab Spring ,begetting these changes in the political, military and economic
scenes regionally and internationally, as the emergence of an international
competition on Syria to have more international interests in the region takes
place .
The research aims to investigate the truth of such rivalry and its shadow and
what it represents on the regional and international scale . The study takes hold
of using the geopolitical analysis by observing the scene on the Syrian arena and
the legacy of the geopolitical dimensions of the area influencing the competing
poles , both Russia and the United States keep geopolitical scopes toward Syria in
particular and the Middle East in general. For Russia it is a wave against its tide to
inactivate its dominance in the region ,yet for the United States in cooperation
with its allies in the region it is an opportunity to stymie the Russian influence.