Journal of Physical Education

The aim of the recent study was to examine the effect of neuromuscular training on performance layup and free throw shots performance among female basketball students. Study sample was female students of physical education and sport sciences department (Age 20.21±39.0) who volunteered to participate in this study. Thirty-seven female students participated in this study, where (21) female students were selected to be experimental group of neuromuscular exercises. A sample of (16) female students was used for the exploratory study from the original community. Results showed that neuromuscular exercises can improve the chosen basketball skills (free-throw and layup-shot shooting). The contribution of neuromuscular training in a positive way to the free-throw and layup-shooting skills.

The study aimed to identify the level of mental alertness and risk-taking behavior among soccer players, and to identify the relationship between mental alertness and risk-taking behavior, and to identify the differences in mental alertness and risk-taking behavior in the light of the following demographic variables (training age, degree of injury severity, number of injury times, centers playing), and knowing the extent of the contribution of mental alertness and its relationship to risky behavior to predict sports injury in football youths, and the study used the descriptive approach, and the study population consisted of junior high-class clubs, and the sample included (300) youths, who were chosen in a simple random way, and the study was used in The tools are a measure of mental alertness (Johnson, et al, 2016), a measure of risk-taking behavior (Abdel-Fattah, Mahmoud, 2019), and a form for the player\\'s primary data. There is an inverse (negative) statistically significant correlation between the total degree of mental alertness and risk-taking behavior and its dimensions. Mental alertness and risk-taking behavior according to the following variables (training age - playing position), and there are statistically significant differences in mental alertness according to the number of sports injuries in the past and current season and the severity of the injury in favor of the players whose number of injuries is from (1-3), and whose severity Their injury is light, and there are statistically significant differences in the risk-taking behavior according to the number of injury times for the two seasons and the severity of the injury in favor of the players whose number of times of injury is from (1-3) times and whose severity of injury is light, and since the higher the degrees of mental alertness among soccer players, this leads to The decrease in risk-taking behavior among young people, which is reflected in the reduction of sports injuries, so mental alertness predicted the risk-taking behavior, which was reflected in the decrease in the rate of sports injuries.

This study aimed to identify the social impacts of hosting the 2022 FIFA World Cup in Qatar on its citizens and residents. Also, it aimed to reveal the differences in these impacts across various demographic variables, including identity, age group, and gender. The researcher adopted a descriptive methodology to achieve these objectives, collecting data mainly through a questionnaire administered to a diverse sample of 411 individuals who willingly participated in the study. The study\'s findings unveiled a range of significant social effects from this momentous event hosted in Qatar. Notably, these effects manifested in improving the country\'s image, fostering an incomparable sense of community pride, developing a heightened feeling of belonging, and arousing an overwhelming enthusiasm within the populace in Qatar towards hosting such grand-scale sporting events. Moreover, the World Cup fostered stronger feelings of security and social cohesion. Based on these results, the study advocates recommendations for future investigative endeavors. Despite its significant results, the study recommends future research to encompass a more diverse and inclusive representation from various regions. This is crucial to understand better the social outcomes of large-scale sporting events among the population.

The aim of the research was to determine the quality of life experienced by female players for the national team and to pinpoint variations in this regard based on age, economic status, number of years played, severity of injuries, and style of game. In order to do this, a purposeful sample of 73 national team players in collective games (football, basketball, handball, and volleyball) was studied using the technique. Gentner et al., 2011 applied the five-axis quality of life measure to this sample (Gentner et al., 2011). The study found that the overall quality of life of the study sample members was slightly satisfied, with the calculated average response being 29. (5) The results also showed that there were no statistically significant differences in the quality of life of Jordanian national players attributable to the age variable. In terms of economic status, years of experience, number of injuries sustained, and type of game, there have been statistically significant differences favoring football and handball players over basketball players. Based on the results, the researchers suggested that in an effort to improve the national elected players\' quality of life, which may help with performance development, their needs be monitored and that the psychological and social aspects of the game be attended to.

This study aimed to assess physical activity levels during 3 school days among first cycle students and its relationship with lower limb muscle strength. Twenty-eight students from the Governor of Muscat were participated in this study, (age: 11.8±0.3 years, height: 9.0±148 cm, mass Body: 14.5±34.8 kg, BMI: 5.3±19.2 kg.m-2 To assess physical activity levels, the ActiGraph GT3X device was used for 3 school days during the week (from 8:00 am to 12:00 pm, daily). All participating performed two tests of lower limb muscle strength (CMJ - FCM). Study results showed that the average physical activity levels of students during 3 school days were (455.9± 56.7minutes) and (26.3±6.6 minutes) for both sedentary physical behavior (SPA) and high-intensity physical activity (VPA), respectively. The results also revealed that the level of moderate and vigorous physical activity level (MVPA) during 3 days of school reached (67.9 ±17.01minutes), which is approximately (22.6 minutes per day), meaning that there was a noticeable decrease in the levels of physical activity practiced during school days (3 days). per week for first cycle students. The results also showed that there was no relationship between all physical activity levels (SPA, LPA, MPA, VPA, MVPA) and lower limb muscle strength tests (CMJ - FCM) among the students (0.05<p).

It is the nature of the game and the activity that determines the characteristic of the manifestation of fatigue according to what is required by the neuromuscular work in it, as well as the changes that occur in the functional variables and the time of the differential threshold. The location of each activity and the game of these teams have been studied in a special table for energy produc-tion systems as a result of continuous changes in their laws, and are considered within the energy systems such as the anaerobic system (Phosphagine) and lactic acid for (800) m runners - freestyle swimmers (200) m in the physical effort till fatigue. The comparison in the important functional indicators for them, and the research methodology embodied in the way of working through the method used, which is the descriptive method in comparison then, the researchers identified the research community for the young national team athletes for freestyle wrestling, and the national team(800)m runners, as well as of the national team in (200) m swimming for the sports season (2022-2023), A total of 21 athletes were selected in an organized manner and distributed into three equal groups (7 athletes) for each of the three types of sports (wrestler, 200-meter swimming and 800-meter running)., and the researchers would conduct tests for the research variables biochemi-cal for the sample members, as well as some variables that have an impact on the results of the study such as (height, age, weight, and the age of training ), and the homogenization of the re-search sample members was carried out. The results of statistical treatments were presented, ana-lyzed, and discussed, supported by sources.
The most important conclusions were that most of the activities and the variation of values are very essential biochemical indicators. The differences were significant and the positive variation in accordance to the type of sport or activity, and the last variation between the activities in terms of comparison in these variables is due to the nature and specificity in terms of the intensity of the resistances and direct and indirect friction For competitors and the expenditure of energy stored in muscles. Finally, the researchers recommended knowing the most important biochemical indica-tors in these events and sports as they reflect a clear picture of the individuals\' internal preparations and functional responses.

Basketball is considered an open-surface game that requires the player to deal with the variables of the match according to the movement or stability of the opponent and in the form of motor responses and accuracy and the arrival of the balls to the different playing areas in which the teammate is present to obtain an appropriate opportunity for the process of possession and control of the course of the game that qualifies the team to win the game. Or achieve the required points in the matches. The response is the motor ability that a basketball player needs. It takes a short time to execute, provided that this execution is distinguished by the element of accuracy, which comes from the mental arrangement of cognitive processes through which information related to the details of the technical performance of skills, especially the skill of lateral shooting in basketball, is prepared. The research aims to identify the role of mental arrangement in cognitive processes and prepare information for the accuracy of performing the skill of shooting from both sides of the basket among young players. It is assumed that there is a statistically significant correlation between mental arrangement in cognitive processes and preparing information for the accuracy of performing shooting from both sides of the basket for the youth group, and it was the research sample was 30 young players from the Al-Zafaraniya Youth and Sports Center, Diyala Bridge, and the municipalities in Baghdad - Al-Rusafa. The descriptive approach was adopted using the method of correlational relations, and the researcher used statistical methods, percentages, correlation coefficient (Pearson), arithmetic mean, and standard deviation to reach the results, and the results were presented. Analyzing and discussing the results, and arriving at the most important conclusions, there is a significant correlation between the mental arrangement in the cognitive processes and processing of information and the accuracy of shooting from both sides of the basket for the youth group. It is recommended to emphasize the mental arrangement in the cognitive processes and processing of information, provided that it is coupled with the accuracy of shooting side tackles with the ball. Basketball for young players.

This study demonstrates the relationship between physical activity, sleep, and health-related quality of life among college students, reporting gender differences in levels of physical activity and sleep.The sample comprised four hundred twenty male and female students from the University of Baghdad's College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences. Three questionnaires were finished to gauge the quality of life concerning health, sleep, and physical activity. Stepwise regression, independent t-tests, and descriptive statistics were used to examine the data.The overall sample's health-related quality of life was strongly predicted by sleep characteristics and vigorous physical activity, according to the results (F = 0.017, p = 0.000). There was no significant correlation found between any level of physical activity and health-related quality of life for females. Still, vigorous and moderate physical activity variables significantly predicted health-related quality of life in males when examined by gender (t = 6.837, df = 309.115, p <.05).Vigorous physical activity and good sleep are beneficial for helping college students improve health-related quality of life, but this benefit may vary by gender.

Objective of the research This study aimed to manufacture an innovative device that enables the player to walk after the operation and improves functional efficiency through improvement in the range of motion as well as improvement in the size of the muscles working on the knee joint Imposing research There are statistically significant differences between the pre and posttests of the experimental and control groups, there are Statistically significant differences between the post-tests between the experimental group and the control group in favor of the experimental group of the research sample. The researchers used the experimental approach by designing the control and experimental groups with a test (pre-post) for the suitability of the approach to the research problem. The study population consisted of players with severed anterior cruciate ligaments for advanced soccer players, and the number of the research sample was (5) injured for the control sample and (5) for the experimental sample. The researchers concluded that the use of the innovative device showed good results in accelerating the rehabilitation process, and the development of body parts was In line with the progress of bending and stretching in the innovative device. There is no delay for one part of the body at the expense of another part, the most important recommendations. The necessity of using partial movement braces in the rehabilitation of the anterior cruciate ligament injury of the knee in advanced soccer players, the use of the number of walking steps and the pressure applied to the ground as a criterion for the progress of rehabilitation and recovery, the researcher recommends using the device early after the operation.

The significance of this research is primarily anchored in the sustained interest in athletic achievements and the ongoing process of their development through the application of biomechanics and its integration into the science of sports training. The study aims to focus on the regulation of the optimal stride length according to the runner's height, necessitating specialized mechanical training tailored to specific distances when sprinting in both the first and second straight sections of the 400-meter event. This is proposed through the suggestion of six interval distances (90, 80, 70, 60, 50, 40 meters).
The research problem delves into the importance of training 400-meter sprinters by leveraging the first and second straight sprints with an ideal stride length, calculated as the runner's height × 1.22 according to James Hay's equation, and utilizing this to compensate for the deficit incurred during curve running due to changes in running mechanics to overcome centrifugal force.
In light of their research objectives, the authors hypothesized that there would be no significant statistical differences between the pre-test and post-test measurements of male 400-meter sprinters. The researchers employed an experimental method with a single group to suit the nature of the research problem. The sample consisted of six athletes representing (Army, Police, Militia) clubs. The training program included 24 training units over eight weeks, with an average of three training units per week. The researchers concluded several key findings, notably that the designed training had a significant impact on the sample group, as evidenced by the significant differences observed. In light of the results, the researchers recommend the application of these training methods according to the special equation for calculating the optimal stride length in other activities to enhance performance towards better outcomes.

The aim of the research is to develop the skill aspect of soccer side among the young players age of (15) years old, because these skills are the basis for the player at the beginning of a way towards developing the rest of the skills. The researcher used the experimental method. The research sample consisted of young players, Al-Kahraba Club, with (10) players (the control group). The subjects were (10) young soccer players from the AL-Zwraa Club. A set of special exercises were designed and the program was applied for developing the basic skills (passing, trapping, dribbling and scoring) for (8) weeks followed by tests. The data was collected and treated using proper statistical operations to conclude a weakness in the skill side of young soccer players and that the proposed program of special exercises have an effective role on developing these skills in young soccer players. Finally, the results showed that were working with their coach.

The study aimed to become acquainted with the special training for striking and the effect it inflicts on some planning skills for The Force of Al-Jawiya for men in football. The researcher used the training curriculum of the two experimental groups and the before and after control of the tests. The research sample consisted of 20 youth players who were divided into two groups equally. The researcher used a set of personal interviews, test, measurements and information and data collection. The statistical data were processed by the following mathematical means, the standard deviation, tests (t) of the associated samples, and the test (T) of the independent samples, and the conclusions were. the competitive exercises that were applied had a positive room in developing accuracy and time, competing for offensive planning skills. The overlap of basic skills and physical qualities when the planning skills lent to an increase in the ability of the player when preforming the overall plan. The recommendations were to choose more realistic and more capable exercises to respond to similar play condition to its requirements. The need to use different methods and diversify different planning performance, trainings and not rely on one style.