Hammurabi journal for studies

Soft power, which has been transformed against the background of the decline of the US dollar in the world, and the peoples' rejection of the hegemonic method based on the excessive use of force, which formed a permanent picture of the world’s future in light of the unipolarism in which the United States enjoys and its acquisition of a large surplus military power is one of its most important means in terrorizing the world.

There has been a lot of talk in the United States and abroad recently about the issue of the fiscal cliff, and both Democrats and Republicans have drawn accusations, especially after Barack Obama won a second presidential term. The Republicans aim to embarrass Democratic President Obama by not fulfilling his promises that he made to the American voter Democrats aim for the success of Obama’s second term.

The need for the Islamic civilization project has become an urgent situation at the global and Islamic levels. Rather, say that the future of humanity in general, and the future of the Islamic world in particular, have become closely related to this project, even vital.
In a world dominated by injustice, racism, looting, oppression, violence and ethnic purge. The persecution of minorities, in the world of immoral benefit that led to the corruption of the environment and life over a nuclear and atomic volcano, in a world that (50) million die annually due to hunger, of whom (15) million are children, in a world in which (20%) of the population assumes its goods at the expense of ( 80%) of this population is in a world of alienation due to the control of the machine and suicides even in the rich countries itself, a world of depression, irrationality, depravity and human oppression.

It is evident that political Islam has strongly returned to the arena of political action, and even its entry into more than one existing political system and the attempt to lead this system, as is the case in many countries of the Arab world, which have witnessed more than one change at the political level and others, and the questions that this return resulted in more than one level related to the future of the political system of those countries.

The state is considered one of the basic necessities of human societies, because people need someone to organize their affairs, to define for all that he can and cannot do, and to show people and groups their rights and duties that enable individuals and society to continue, and this was expressed by Imam Ali bin Abi Talib (peace be upon him), When he heard the Kharijites reject the command of the people, (He said: These say: There is no command but God, and that it is necessary for people to have a righteous or ungodly prince who works in the commandment of the believer, and the unbeliever enjoys it, and God reaches the time in it, gathers shelter with him, and fights with him the enemy. And he has warned the way, and the weak will be taken from the strong, so that righteousness may rest and the one who is immoral.

It is rare that there are common elements between Iran and Turkey that are sufficient to draw up a cognitive engineering that converges the two experiences in the context of what has been termed (political Islam). If the state in the first experience (Iran) was the outcome of an Islamic popular revolution that took revelation and the Sunnah as inspiring sources for legislation, then in the second experience the state (Turkey) came as the outcome of an anti-Ottoman revolution, which began with a (severe secularism) led by Mustafa Kemal Ataturk in the first quarter of the past twenty century.

In light of the developments of the Arab Spring, the victory of Islamists in the legislative elections that took place in Tunisia and Egypt, the rise of Islamic movements and the emergence of their discourse and personalities, all these rapid qualitative changes raise many questions and question marks that affect the essence of the Arab Spring movement, and whether it will lead the Islamic movement topping the political scene in the countries of change, to intellectual and political transformations in light of this expected victory that the Islamists achieved on more than one occasion in more than one Arab country.

Since the beginning of the twentieth century, the American foreign policy began to occupy a distinct and escalating space in international studies, due to the profound effects of this policy in the international system, with all its political, economic, financial, cultural and military layers. Researchers were interested in monitoring the development of this policy and studying the internal and external influences that govern it, but the most important thing remains to watch the changes taking place in it, and the moments of sharp turn it was witnessing, because that would leave crucial international and regional repercussions, whether towards peace or war

The Gulf, which the Arabs and the Iranians are fighting over its blessing, is called by the Arabs (Arabic) and the Iranians (Farsi), a very important strategic region, because it embraces the most important sources of oil and gas in the world, and on its production industrial machinery depends in many countries of the world, and according to it, oil and gas prices can be determined in the global market. It is a very important geopolitical, economic and political region, which the nations, especially the industrial ones, pay great attention to, in order to ensure for themselves stability in obtaining an essential material in the generation of energy necessary for the continued rotation of the industrial wheel.

There are many phenomena that the Arab world is experiencing, and their importance and danger to the future of this world’s survival ranges between phenomena threatening stability and others threatening its survival, and its causes range from the absence of social justice to external interference, and on which researchers stand, they are really afflicting what this world is experiencing therefore, we are witnessing the occurrence of events that the Arab world did not witness throughout the twentieth century after limited federal phenomena (the UAE Federation, the Yemeni Union), including: the disintegration of Sudan with the secession of its southern region, and the presence of a strong tendency for the secession of southern Yemen, and the Kurdistan region in Iraq is waiting for its turn to announce its secession On Iraq, and the matter is not limited to that, there is Western Sahara in Morocco, and Syria has reached a stage in which proposals for disintegration have become incoming, and all of this preceded the disintegration of Somalia and Eritrea's disintegration from the Arab world in the mid-nineties of the last century.

If it is self-evident to say that state-building processes are major and comprehensive social-political foundational processes, of a complex and complicated nature, then it would be self-evident to say also that state-rebuilding processes are processes of a multiplier nature in terms of their composition and complexity, due to their natural and simultaneous introversion One on the demolition of the buildings of the previous state, and laying down new foundations for building a new state that is usually completely and radically different from what was in place. The process of rebuilding the Iraqi state after 2003 falls within this framework, as there has been a complete and radical change in the nature of this state, which required not only modification of the nature of the previous political system, but a complete change to the foundations of the previous state in all areas and at all levels, foremost of which is the constitutional and legal basis.

The subject of the study stems from the outcomes of the specific political movement that has been living in Arab societies as a whole since the beginning of 2011, starting from Tunisia, passing through Egypt and Yemen to Libya, Syria, Morocco and even Algeria and Mauritania later, legislative transformations and the strength of the parliamentary institution as a basic actor in the political process and as a guarantor of democratic institutionalization as well. Professor Stephen Fechey points out that "strongly the national legislature may be the institutional basis for democratization."