The Iraqi Journal of Veterinary Medicine

This experiment was carried out to study the changes in some of the structural – functional and biochemical aspects that are related to reproductive performance as a result of using glncocorticoid - hydrocortisone. Twelve adult male rabbit were divided into two equal groups : control and treatment. During pretreatment period ( Five days) blood samples were collected from all animals on every other days . During the treatment period (14) days each animal of the treatment group was injected daily , intramuscularly with hydrocortisone . Rabbit of the control group were injected with the same dose of normal physiological saline. Blood samples were collected as described above until (48) hours after last injection . All animals were scarified and samples from testicular tissue were taken to study structural – functional aspect.

Statistical analysis showed significant (P < 0.05) decrease in plasma testosterone of hydrocortisone treated rabbits, plasma levels of ICSH of both treatment and control groups of rabbits were parallel to each other (P< 0.05).

General inhalation anaesthesia has been evaluated in twelve local sheep, which were divided in two equal groups. First group anaesthtized by induction with intravenous injection of ( Atropine sulfate 0.4 mg/kg B.W) and after 10 to minuts ( xylazine 0.02 mg/kg . B.W.) and ( Ketamine 10 mg/kg . B.W.). While the second group has been inducted with ( xylazine 0.02 and pentobarbiton sodium 15 mg /kg B.W) with intravenons injection premidirated with (Atropine sulfate 0.4 mg/kg B.W).


The general anaesthesia has been maintained in both groups with inhalation of halothane and oxygen 1-2% concentration by (( To and Fro)) inhalation closed system. The changes in the parameters of pulse rate, respiratory rate, rectal temperature and ruminal contractions has been considered from time 0 to 60 minutes to evalute the general anaesthesia .xylazine and ketamine induction followed with halothane show effective and safe gerenal anaesthesia with excellent muscle relaxation , analgesia and ensured rapid and safe recovery with minium cardio-pulmonary depression .

The main objective to this study is to demonstrate certain aspects of pathological and histochomical changes in the lungs of rabbits experimentaly infected with P.aeruginosa .


Twelve white Newzoland rabbits of 12-16 weeks old were used . they were randomaly divided into two groups. The first group (6 animals ) were given single intraperitoneal, dose of 108 CFU of P. aeruginosa . The second group (6 animals ) maintained as a control and was inoculated with 1 ml of sterial normal saline by the same route of the first group. All the animals were sacrificed on day three post – inoculation.


The pathological exmination showed acute suppurative reaction in pulmonary tissue together with lymphocytic aggregation around airways and blood vessels. The histochomical study revealed that the granules of goblet cells and submucesal glands of the lung in normal rabbits were of neutral mucopolysaecharides and little sialomucin, these substances changed to sulfated acid mucopolysaccharide and sialomucin in the infected animals.

This study aims to throw light on the harmful effect of kerosene combustion on the respiratory system in mice. Experimental animals were exposed to combustion gases of kerosene for 2, 4 and 6 hours/day for 5 days a week. Exposure was lasted for 8 consecutive weeks. Histopathological changes were examined in trachea and lung tissues. Results showed different stages of tissue damages were emphysema was the most severe. Filtration of lymphocytes was also remarkable accompanied by increase in alveolar macrophages. There was evident and direst correlation between exposure time and the severity of effects.

Urine samples were collected and pooled from four menopausal women , 47-55. years old, for extraction of gonadotropines ( LH & FsH) according to the method of Albert ( 1955 ) For evaluation the hormonal extract from menopausal women the following parameter were studied: a- Effect of crude hormonal extract on utero-ovarian weights of immature mice. b- Counting number of embryos & alive births in mice
treated with crude extract. There was a significant effect of hormone extracted fiom menopausal women on utero-ovaian weights for immature mice. The crude extract caused a significant increase in number of embryos and alive Lebirths compared with saline-treated mice , it is concluded that crude extract from urine of menopausal women have highly biological activity for increase fertility in female mice.

Irradiated D. filaria 3rd stage larvae with cantinuous emission of visible Helium- Neon Laser of ImW and a wave length of ( 632.8 ) nm. for three different exposure times of 5 , 10 and 15 minutes were used to vaccinate three groups of kids of five each at double immunization doses orally. The first dose contained ( 1000 ) larvae and the second was ( 2000 ) larvae at an interval of ( 4 ) weeks between then . After ( 5 ) weeks a challenge dose of ( 100 ) larvae per kg. Body weight ( non irradiated ) was given to all the groups in addition to a control group ( 4th ) of ( 5 ) kids . All animals were slaughtered after ( 6 ) weeks post-challenge. Results showed that the attenuated larvae at ( 5 ) minutes exposure to Laser irradiation was the most appropriate one and can be used as an attenuated irradiated larval vaccine effectively and safely. The assessment was based on clinical signs, body weight gains ,eosinophil counts of blood, fecal larval counts , mean worm burden and female sexual maturity, and gross pathological changes including lung lesion scores.

Repeated breeder dairy cows (96) were used in this study. They were diagnosed clinically as cases of delayed ovulation and divided into five groups according to type of treatment used post insemination. Group one which includes 28 cow (1=28) treated with 1 vial of fertagyl, (2=22) treated with 2 vials of fertagyl, (3=19) treated with 5 ml of chorionic gonadotropin, (4=17) treated with 1 vial of Nymfalom and (5=10) treated with 1 vial of chorulon. Results showed that the number of cows which did not return to estrus (responded) were 16(57.14%), 12(54.54%), 9(47.47%), 12(70.6%) and 4(40%) respectively. Treatment and insemination were repeated to a number of unresponded cows and their results revealed response of 3 cows (27.27%) from group (1=11), response of 4 cows (50%) from group (2=8), response of 3 cows (42.85%) from group (3=7), response of 1 cow (20%) from group (4=5) and response of 2 (50%) from group (5=4). Data concerning the number, type, sex and viability of the offspring born from the treated cows were included in this study. Finally we may conclude that Nymfalon showed better result in treating cases of delayed ovulation and in improving their conception and pregnancy rate. The remaining treatments were also advisable in the absence of Nymfalon. The use of the same treatment again was also beneficial in some unresponded cases.

A comparative trial between the effect of 3rd stage Dictyocaulus filaria larval vaccine attenuated by continuous emission of visible Helium – Neon Laser of ImW and wave length of ( 632.8 ) nm of (5) minutes exposure that of gamma attenuated larvae at 0.5 k. gray ( Co as radiation Source ) was designed. Each of the two attenuated larval vaccines was given to a group of ( 5 ) kids each . Double immunization doses at ( 35 ) days interval from each vaccine were given orally. The first dose contained ( 1000 ) larvae and the second one ( 2000 ) for each . A challenge dose of ( 100 ) non- irradiated larvae /kg body weight was given after ( 5 ) week to the vaccinated groups and a control non- vaccinated (5 kids ) 3rd group. All animals were slaughtered after 6 weeks post challenge.


Results showed that both vaccines revealed 80.7% and 78.1% protection respectively for worm burden as compared to control. Laser attenuated vaccine exhibited a statistically significant inhibition in the fecundity of female worms and larvae secretion in faeces in comparison with the gamma irradiated vaccine.

This study is designed to know the effect of fenestration on the epiphyseal plate as amethod to truma and know it is effect on length of long bones Eleven of local breed bitched is used in this research are put in four group depending on the site of operation , tthree dogs in each group except for the last group which included tow dogs as follows: *the first group : the operation was performed on the distal epiphyseal plate of the femur *the second group : the operation was performed on the proximal epiphyseal plate of the tibia and fibula *the thrid group : the operation was performed on the distal epiphyseal plate of the tibia and fibula *the fourth group : the operation was performed on all sites mentioned above the cases was folowed up clinically and radiographically for six months , an x-Ray film was taken every fifteen days for the first three months and monthly for the other three months, the other hind limb of the animal was used for comparison.


the clinical and radiographical follow up showed that fenestration of the epiphyseal platewas succssful to induce epiphysiodesis in first, third and fourth group without complication while it failed in the second group.

A Study of clinical and haematological changes in Awassi stock of sheep that had schizonts of Theileria spp. In Abu – Greeb region were conducted. Seventy three blood samples were collected from jugular vein of different ages, 60 had schizonts indicating an infection rate 82.19%. There were no great evidence of variation in clinical and haematological features between infected and non infected sheep.

Hematological values of twenty normal male foals at 1-6 months , 7-12 months and sixty Arabian horses at 1-5 years old were estimated respectively. Red blood cell count ( RBCS), hemoglobin concentration (Hb), packed cell volume (PCV% ), mean corpuscular volume (MCV) ; mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), differential leukocyte count, total serum protein were determined using several laboratory techniques. These changes of these parameters were presented in tables in relation to the ages of these animals.

Response to treatment of induced air sacculitis by a pathogenic strain of E coli with enrofloxacin when it was given by the recommended therapeutic concentration (50 mg/ml) for 3 days in drinking water was compared with the method of giving the same drug at double the above concentration for one time after a period of thirstiness . Athird group of infected bird was left without treatment while a non – infected group was left as a negative control .


Parameters of mortality , clinical symptoms, feed consumption , weight gain and feed conversion were measured to evaluate the effectiveness of either method of treatment. Also, after sacrifying of some birds one week and 3 weeks after infection, pathological lesions and air sacculitis index were considered.


The results showed significant differences in most parameters between infected and non – infected groups while either of the two infected treated groups were intermediate between them.


This result encourages the use of the suggested single method of treatment especially when cost of drug, full dosing and stability of drug are taken in consideration

Specific transfer factor (TF) extracted from spleens of sensitized and non-sensitized guinea pigs to study the efficacy of transfer of cellular immunity specific for salmonella . Two groups each of five guinea pigs were used for in vivo TF preparation. The First group was inoculated with 1 ml of aromatic dependent Salmonella typhimurium SL 1479 vaccine at a dose of 10' cfu/ml intramuscularly twice at two weeks intervals. The second group was injected with trypticase soy broth similarly . These two groups used as a donor for TF, and TFn respectively. Twenty one recipient guinea pigs were divided into three groups, the first group was TF at a dose of 1 ml equivalent to 5X10 cell intramuscularly three times/2 days intervals, Similarly the second group was given TF, where as the third group was given PBS- Cell mediated immunity in recipient animal was evaluated by delayed type hypersensitivity - skin test, Macrophage migration inhibition test (MIF) and then challenged with virulent Salmonella typhimurium. The TFt recipient group induced skin test and showed migration indices less than 0.8 and overcome the challenge organism. Contrary to TFn & PBS recipient groups which did not show any response for skin test and given migration indices more than 0.8 and did not show resistance for virulent Salmonella typhimurium .

In this study, the potential protective effect of aqueous extract of parsley (Petroselinum sativum) seeds against hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) – induced oxidative stress in male rats was assessed. Three groups of male albino rats were randomly divided (n=7) and were handled for twenty-eight days as follows: rats in group I served as control; animals in group || were provided with drinking water containing 0.5% H2O2 and those in group III received orally 8 mg/100 gm B.W. of aqueous extract of parsley seeds plus 0.5% H2O2 in drinking water. After four weeks experimental period, a significant increase in lipid peroxidation products (MDA), and decrease in glutathione (GSH) concentrations were observed in plasma, kidney, liver and heart tissues of H2O2 treated animals as compared with the control group. These biomarkers (GSH and MDA) are interrelated and indicate the occurrence of oxidative stress. Plasma total cholesterol (TC) concentration was significantly increased in H2O2 treated rats. By administration of aqueous extract of parsley along with H2O2, plasma and tissue GSH levels were significantly increased while the elevation in MDA level was diminished in plasma and different tissues examined. A decrease in plasma cholesterol concentration was recorded in H2O2 and parsley treated group as compared with the control one and H2O2 treated groups. These results indicate that aqueous extract of parsley have hypocholesterolemic and antioxidant effect.

Light and electron microscopic examinations were performed on kidneys of sheep infected with caseous lymphadenitis ( CLA ) caused by Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis Membranproliferative glomerulonephritis was demonstrated. There were irregular thickenings of the glomeruelar basement membrane and glomerular cell proliferation, in contrast, no such lesions were found in the control lambs, indicating that CLA play a role in inducing glomerulorephritis

Monolayer tissue cultures of chicken embryo fibroblast ( CEF ) cells infected with avian influenza virus isolate were examined by the hematoxylie and eosin (H&E) staining and indirect immunoperoxidase test for studying the cytopathogenic effect of the virus. Cytopathological changes which occurred in the uncleus of infected cells included nuclear and nucleolar hypertropy, chromatin margination and intranuclear inclusions. The most striking cytoplasmic change were the presence of perinuclear. eosinophilic inclusions at 22-36 hours post inoculation ( p. i.). Vacuolization, and granulation were also observed. Indirect immunoperoxidase ( IP ) test demonstrated the localization of influenza virus antigens in infected cells. A positive peroxidase reaction observed in the nucleus and cytoplasm were similar to those shown hematoxyline and eosin staining.

Abamectin activity against mange in buffaloes was evaluated by using 0.2 mg/kg. B. W. of this drug as a single subcutaneous injection for treatment of 50 naturally affected buffaloes with Sarcoptic mange. There were no mites in the skin scraping of treated animals two weeks after treatment , new hair growth appeared in the infected areas four weeks after treatment, along with healing of the skin lesions.