Journal of Al-qadisiya in arts and educational sciences

This historical study highlights an important period in the history of Egypt, namely the last period of the Mamluk rule of Egypt during the reign of Sultan Touman Bay, the last of the Circassian sultans, who made great efforts to save his king and keep the Ottoman danger away from the borders of his state, but the circumstances were stronger than him, most of the Mamluk princes Moreover, the growing Ottoman threat after their occupation of the Levant threatened the borders of Cairo and the rest of Egypt, so the confrontation was inevitable despite the numerical superiority among the Mamluks. The Ottomans and the development of Ottoman weapons in relation to the primitive Mamluk weapons and old fighting methods.
Toman bay paid the price for the betrayal of his fellow princes, who soon entered into obedience to the Ottoman Sultan Salim I when he entered Cairo and sold him and addressed his name from the pulpit of mosques, forgetting that their state had collapsed forever and there were only a few thorns left.
Therefore, despite the defeat of Toman Bay and his execution, he was admired by the enemies before the friends, he stood up and defended and fought his enemies until the last breath, and the historians themselves who studied that era and praised him and his rare courage.