Al-Mustaqbal Journal of Pharmaceuticals and Medical Sciences

A meta-analysis was implemented to estimate the effect of facemasks in healthcare providers
and non-healthcare providers on laboratory-confirmed respiratory viral infection. Methodology A systematic
literature search conducted until March 2022 included 29 studies with a total of 18,489 participants at the
start of the investigation. Among them, 9,569 people were utilizing facemasks, while 8,920 served as the
control group. The Egger regression test was employed to evaluate the presence of publication bias, with a
significance level of P<0.05. The odds ratio (OR) was evaluated at a 95% confidence interval (CI) using both
the random effects and fixed effects models using the dichotomous method to evaluate the influence of
facemasks in healthcare providers and non-healthcare providers on laboratory-confirmed respiratory viral
infection. Facemasks had significantly lower laboratory-confirmed respiratory viral infection (LCRVI)
between healthcare providers (OR, 0.31; 95% CI, 0.19-0.51, p<0.001), and between non-healthcare providers
(OR, 0.58; 95% CI, 0.49-0.69, p<0.001) compared with control. N95 masks had significantly lower
laboratory-confirmed respiratory viral infection between healthcare providers (OR, 0.67; 95% CI, 0.48-0.94,
p=0.02), and no significant difference between non-healthcare providers (OR, 1.15; 95% CI, 0.94-1.41,
p=0.017) compared with surgical masks. Facemasks shown a notable reduction in laboratory-confirmed
respiratory viral infection among healthcare practitioners and non-healthcare providers, in comparison to the
control group. Healthcare personnel who wore N95 masks had a notably reduced incidence of laboratory
confirmed respiratory virus infection. On the other hand, there was not a significant difference in the
incidence of infection between non-healthcare professionals who wore surgical masks and those who did not
wear any masks at all. Additional research is necessary to authenticate these discoveries.

The aim of the meta-analysis was to assess and contrast the effects of externally administered
traditional herbal medicine on burn wound ulcers. This meta-analysis utilized dichotomous or contentious
random or fixed-effect models to examine the outcomes. The odds ratio (OR) and mean difference (MD)
were calculated, along with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). The present meta-analysis incorporated a total
of 13 studies conducted between 1999 and 2020, which collectively had a sample size of 1282 individuals
diagnosed with burn wound ulcers. Overall evaluation of traditional herbal medicine showed significantly
shorter wound healing times (MD, -6.81; 95% CI, -8.81,-4.81, p<0.001) compared to standard treatment in
personnel with burn wound ulcers. Traditional herbal medicine alone had a significantly shorter wound
healing time (MD, -5.74; 95% CI, -8.00- -3.49, p<0.001) compared to standard treatment in personnel with
burn wound ulcers. Traditional herbal medicine and Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor had significantly shorter
wound healing times (MD, -9.93; 95% CI, -11.18- -8.68, p<0.001) compared to standard treatment in patients
with burn wound ulcers. The examined data revealed that traditional herbal medicine with or without Basic
Fibroblast Growth Factor had a significantly shorter wound healing time compared to standard treatment for
burn wound ulcers. However, it is important to be mindful of its values, as a considerable portion of the
chosen studies featured a small sample size.

The meta-analysis aimed to assess and compare the effect of Chinese herbal medicine as an
adjunctive technique to standard treatment for people with diabetic foot ulcers. This meta-analysis
investigated the results through either dichotomous or contentious random or fixed effect models, calculating
the odds ratio (OR) and mean difference (MD) along with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). The analysis
included 17 studies conducted between 2006 and 2021, comprising a total of 1140 individuals with diabetic
foot ulcers. Chinese herbal medicine had a significantly higher total effective rate (OR, 2.77; 95% CI, 1.89
4.07, p<0.001), lower wound size after treatment (MD, -2.44; 95% CI, -3.46- -1.43, p<0.001), lower number
of patients without any improvement (OR, 0.26; 95% CI, 0.15-0.45, p<0.001), and lower time of diabetic
wound ulcer healing (MD, -10.46; 95% CI, -14.91- -6.37, p<0.001) compared to standard treatment in
personal with diabetic foot ulcers. However, no significant differences were found between Chinese herbal
medicine and standard treatment in the number of patients with 30% or more reductions in the ulcer area of
the diabetic foot ulcer (OR, 2.69; 95% CI, 0.70-10.30, p=0.15). The examined data revealed that Chinese
herbal medicine had a significantly higher total effective rate, lower wound size after treatment, lower number
of patients without any improvement, and lower time of diabetic wound ulcer healing, however, no significant
differences were found in the number of patients with 30% or more reductions in the ulcer area compared to
standard treatment in personal with diabetic foot ulcers. However, caution should be exercised when
interpreting its findings, as many of the chosen studies had a small sample size, and certain comparisons were
based on a limited number of selected studies.

We conducted a meta-analysis to assess the impact of a phosphate-specific diet on the serum
phosphate levels of individuals undergoing hemodialysis. Methods a systematic literature search was
conducted until November 2021, resulting in the inclusion of 14 studies comprising 1284 adults undergoing
hemodialysis at the study's commencement. Among them, 671 were assigned to a phosphate-specific diet
group, while 613 served as the control. The researchers documented correlations between the effects of a diet
focused on phosphates and the levels of phosphates in the blood of persons who were undergoing
hemodialysis. Employing the contentious method with a random or fixed-effect model, we computed the
mean difference (MD) along with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) to evaluate the effect of a phosphate
specific diet on serum phosphate levels in this population. In adults undergoing hemodialysis, a phosphate
specific diet exhibited a significantly more favorable change in serum phosphate levels (MD, -0.66; 95% CI, -0.95 to -0.36, p < 0.001), accompanied by moderate heterogeneity (I2 = 71%) when compared to the control
group. In adults undergoing hemodialysis, a phosphate-specific diet resulted in a significantly reduced change
in serum phosphate levels compared to the control. Additional studies are needed to confirm these findings
and enhance confidence in the results.

Three samples of Zumzum water were collected from Mecca for 3 years (20011, 20012 &
20013 respectively). Chemical, physical & biological properties of these 3 samples were studied by reliable
methods according to the city water (tap water) after 1, 2 and 3 years of storage. The physical study shows
that no change in tastes, odor, color and pH of these 3 samples, also chemical study shows that there is slightly
increase in calcium and magnesium ions more than the tap water which leads to understand why this water
refreshes tired Hajjes. But more significantly, the water has no biological or vegetative growth in all samples,
in spite of stored for1, 2 and 3 years that make this water reliable for drinking our research aims to examine
the composition of tap water and Zamzam water after a storage period of three years. Additionally, we seek
to assess their quality in accordance with international drinking water standards.