Hawlyat Al-Montada

There is no doubt that the poetic text in general, and the pre-Islamic text in particular, contains within it characteristics and advantages that enable it to keep pace with the developments that have occurred in the field of criticism and the emergence of different critical theories and approaches throughout the ages, as the connotations are multiple, because the word carries energy and broad connotations that differ according to the subject and occasion, in addition to that the situation or context gives the word different dimensions. This necessarily applies to the recipient and how he understands the text. Hence, and based on the connotations of the text and its various dimensions, we have addressed in this research the poetry of one of the vagabond poets, Ta’abbat Sharra, so that this study will be specific to a part of his poetry, namely personal references. Since references are a wide and large field, it was necessary to study one of their types, namely pronouns, a critical study in light of the communicative method, due to its connection to the communicative method, which is considered one of the modern and important critical methods through which creative texts have been subjected to approaches conducted by critics in the modern era, by virtue of what this method is distinguished by of advantages that enabled it to deal with the text, which also possesses advantages and features that gave it the ability to deal with modern methods.

This research seeks to monitor the patterns of the title and its functions in Bushra Al-Bustani’s poetry and show its aesthetic connotations according to a descriptive-analytical approach selected models of its poetic achievement, we divided the research into two parts, The first axis dealt with the main titles that topped the poetic groups, As for the second axis it studied the sub-titles of the poems, and we were represented by some poetic texts during the study of the title.

This research aims at clarifying personal deictic from the pragmatic contextual meanings. The concept of sign is considered one of the most important concepts that pragmatics is interested in and it exists in all languages where some words or expressions rely on the context to get their meanings and are not easy to interpret and understand without the context. This means the receivers cannot understand those expression without knowing the context where they were used.

This research seeks to study the linguistic criticism directed at some Quranic readings that do not, even in any way, adhere to the rules of Arabic. These critics are experts in the meanings and syntax of the Quran, such as al-Kisa'i and al-Farra'. Others wrote on Quranic readings, such as Abu Ali al-Nahwi, Ibn Mujahid, and Ibn Khalawayh. Ibn Jinni was the most prominent of these critics, as his approach was characterized by responses that he did not consider correct and straightforward. Therefore, al-Muhtasib was the most important source of research, although most of his criticism of the readings focused on the opinions of Ibn Mujahid. This is for a clear reason: al-Muhtasib is merely a commentary on al-Sab'ah (The Seven). This was Ibn Jinni's practice in his books, as he did not hesitate to criticize opinions and their proponents. Ibn Jinni’s linguistic criticism of the Qur’anic readings did not have a single reference, but rather multiple references that included the levels of the language in terms of sound, such as assimilation, hamza, elongation, and the meeting of two consonants; structure, such as the formula, and (fa’il) as a verbal noun; grammar, such as the accusative of the present tense, feminization, the addition of (la), the separating pronoun, and tanween; and meaning, such as the use of foreign nouns by Arabs, and other things.

Intellectual Schools which are concerned with the study of the Prophetic Biography are varied with numerous topics cross history whether in terms of the facts Arabic Sourcing which manifested the revelation , the subject matter of our research entitled (the circumstances of the descending of the revelation to Prophet Mohammad (Peace be upon Him) reading Islamic and Oriental Sources through various manifestations such " the Jingle of the Bell ", "Grief and Distress" and " Drunk's Manifestation", etc. or Oriental trends which represent a hostile tendency as the prominent characteristic prevailing in most studies portrayed the manifestation of the revelation with epilepsy, blackout and obsession. In this research, we are going to study such numerous facts and, by considering mental – based and Quranic - Sunna Text – based proofs, we have come to a conclusion that such allegations are untrue and void.

Both Iraq and Iran occupies a distinct geographical position through their global and regional location, and they are linked by long borders, most of them are wild, not separated by long mountainous or watery natural obstacles, and many rivers that originate from Iranian lands and flow into the land of Iraq because of the decline of Iranian lands in the direction of The south and the east of Iraq, which is why it had economic and political importance, as well as their participation in the Shatt al-Arab waterway was important. It was one of the causes of the border conflict between them, due to its distinctive location in the high Arabian Gulf, and it is one of the waterways that enter Iraqi territory along the Iranian border down to north of the Iraqi city of Basra. And this competition
continued until the eighteenth century, and although border tensions and rivalries continued in the nineteenth century, the situation became more stable under the British occupier, who sent joint survey teams to draw the borders that (the borders) have always witnessed modification paths more than once.

The research is trying to treat with the will of international person for creating international rules. This study distinguishes between creating international obligations and international rules . This subject is divided into three chapters: the first, treats with contribution of state will for creating international conventional rules. the second, treats with contribution of state will for creating international customary rules, and the third searches the unilateral acts and its role for creating the international rules. The conclusion contains important results and suggestions.

Appeal is one of the fundamental principles of judicial organization and the scientific application of the principle of two-level litigation, whereby the convicted person before the first-instance courts has the right to re-present his case before a higher court than the court that issued the judgment, with the aim of re-examining the matter and deciding it. The appeal ensures the proper administration of justice and provides the litigants with a remedy for what they failed to present in terms of defense and evidence before the first-instance court. The appeal aims to verify the validity of the judgments issued by the first-instance courts and to re-present the dispute again. This is considered an exception to the principle of the stability of the dispute, by virtue of which the legislator gave the litigants the right to review the dispute again before a second-instance court. The legislator’s provision for this exception reflects its keenness to address errors and shortcomings that mar the judgments of the first-instance courts and to grant the litigants the right to correct any defenses and claims they missed. The transfer effect of the appeal is to transfer the dispute that was before a first-instance judge to a second-instance judge, and this effect is based on the principle of the stability of the dispute.

Praise be to God, Lord of the Mighty Throne. O God, bless Muhammad, the jewel of perfection, the ocean of light, and the springs of mercy, and his pure, radiant, and blessed family.

To proceed: It is not surprising to address the concept of perfection within Islamic thought, a thought that has made this concept the essence and focus of its cognitive and value system. Whatever is perfect is necessarily beautiful or sublime, depending on its nature and the nature of the emotional or aesthetic attitude toward it.

Perfection is not merely an element of beauty or sublime; rather, it is the essence of both. From it, phenomena and things derive their beauty, and through it, their emotional effects extend, whether sensory, moral, or spiritual. It signifies the supreme system of all values ​​and ideals, and it is the opposite and antithesis of imperfection. A perfect thing is one that is free from any element of deficiency, and that it is the complement to all the beauty and majesty in the universe. While the beauty of a thing cannot be achieved in the absence of perfection, we find the exact opposite, where perfection is achieved even if the element of beauty and majesty disappears. In light of the above, the concept of perfection in Islamic thought is determined by the existence of something that has its own existential characteristics that distinguish it from others, without any increase or decrease.

Oil and petroleum product pipelines are a vital lifeline in Basra Governorate, contributing to economic revitalization by attracting labor and providing petroleum derivatives via pipelines. This research aims to examine the reality of oil pipelines in the governorate and the challenges they face. This research utilizes a geographical analysis of the region and identifies the most significant natural and human factors that have influenced oil pipelines. It also explores the most significant problems and challenges facing these pipelines by examining environmental, human, and security concerns. This study includes three sections: the introduction. The first section discusses the concept of pipelines, their importance, classification, and characteristics. The second section focuses on the factors affecting oil pipelines in Basra Governorate. The final section addresses the problems facing oil pipelines in Basra Governorate, in addition to the conclusions and recommendations.

This research aims to maintain and rehabilitate the urban heritage in the town of Zubair, who is a living witness to the authenticity of Urbanism and close association with the local environment, customs and traditions inherited especially in architectural and urban design appropriate to the desert climate warm to the conditions of the old homes, and many states have sought to revive this heritage of the conviction that he is not measured by the renaissance of peoples, including up to him from the urban and cultural evolution only, but also measured in the preservation of the limitations of time from the premise of the principle of urban renewal which is based on the mutual influence between the parts of the city and the relationship of complementarity between them, as research

Translating humour is an area that requires special attention, especially Arabic audiovisual products translated from or into English, as the linguistic and cultural gaps between these two languages are very wide. This paper tries to investigate the most frequently used strategies adopted in subtitling one type of humour which is called proper noun (PN) allusion. It also tries to find out whether the used strategies could be classified within - to borrow Venute’s terminology- ‘foreignization’ or ‘domestication. The taxonomy suggested by Leppihalme (1997) is employed to analyze the English PN allusions streamed in two Arabic TV shows which are translated into English. The study reveals that the most prominent strategy adopted in subtitling PN allusions from Arabic into English is ‘retention’. Another finding is that ‘foreignization’ is always adopted when the strategy of ‘retention’ is manifested, while ‘domestication’ appears when the strategies of ‘replacement’ and ‘omission’ are spotted. The results of the study may serve as a guideline to help translators deal with NP allusions in subtitling.