JOURNAL OF MADENAT ALELEM COLLEGE

Protease was purified by two steps included precipitation with 70% saturation ammonium sulphate and ion exchange chromatography by (DEAE-Sephadex). The enzyme specific activity was 86.6 U/mg. and fold of purification was 2.72 with 45 % enzyme recovery. Characterization of enzyme showed that the optimum pH for enzyme activity and stability was 9.0 (86 U/ml). Maximum enzyme activity appeared at 50°C. (88U/ml.). The enzyme activity remained was 87% at 50°C for 30 min. Effect of some metal ions, reducing agents and chelating on purified protease was studied, the remaining activity was 110% when it incubated with 10 mM of Mn2+, whereas the remaining activity was 95% and 92% when enzyme incubated with 10mM of Ca2+ and Mg2+, respectively. There was little effect for 10 mM of PMSF on enzyme activity, whereas the activity declined to 18% when enzyme was treated with 10 mM of 10 mM EDTA.

This study was done to assess the role of adenosine deaminase (ADA) in women with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) on metformin therapy. The present study is a cross-sectional study (2011/2012) at Al-yarmouk teaching hospital. A total of 80 patients with PCOS were involved in this study, they were classified as newly diagnosed women with PCOS G1: (n=40);women with PCOS on metformin therapy 500 mg (bid) for 90 days G2: (n=40). A matching group of forty apparently healthy women who were included as controls(n=40). Serum ADA was measured in all women and it was significantly reduced in women with PCOS receiving metformin therapy when compared with newly diagnosed patients with PC (p < 0.001) also a significant reduction was found when controls compared with the newly diagnosed women (p < 0.001); however, the reduction was insignificant when controls compared with treated group (p < 0.05). In conclusion,the results of this study suggest that the metformin currently used by PCOS patients has indirect effect on ADA activity through improving insulin sensitivity.

There is an increasing demand for girded datasets of climate variables from fields such as hydrology, ecology, agriculture, climate change research and climate model verification. The girded climate data sets developed are very suitable for digital data storage and access. The temperature is the most important climatic elements. It effects on the various human activities. There is a mutual relationship between temperature and climate. It is the base motivation engine for the rest of the climate elements. Consequently this paper attempted to make spatial interpolation, of annual and monthly maximum temperature in Iraq for the period from 1970 to 2010 using spatial geostatistics tools in ArcGIS Version 9.3. This paper presents a methodology to produce accurate climatic maps. Validation of produced maps was examined by different criteria.

Linear fractional programming (LFP) problems are useful tools in production planning, financial and corporate planning, health care and hospital planning and as such have attracted considerable research interest. The paper presents a new approach for solving a fractional linear programming problem in which the objective function is a linear fractional function, while the constraint functions are in the form of linear inequalities. We illustrate a number of numerical examples to demonstrate a proposed technique. We then compared proposed technique with Cooper's method in the literature for solving (LFP) problems.

This research aims to assess the radioactivity for the rock wool plant in the province of Baghdad – Al Taji city through conducting radiological survey for the plant which of six part ( crushers , furnaces , machines spinning , materials store and waste site ) in addition assessment of radiation doses to the worker who are near smelting furnaces by using portable detectors to know the level of exposure and the contamination resulting from smelting basalt stone operations which the essential material for making the rock wool, its contain the natural radioactivity series such as U-238 and Th-232 . The results of radiological survey were conducted showed the presence of a significant increase in the rates of radioactive contamination and the dose rates in the area of smelting furnaces ranged between (11.2- 7.81) cps using the FH-40 compared with the rate of natural background 0.75 cps and the rates of radiation doses ranged between (0.65- 0.47) µSv/h using the device RadEye compared with natural background 0.04 µSv/h ,while the reading in another site within normal levels . it also collected soil samples from the smelting furnaces and from basalt stone accumulation site accordance to IAEA standard which were measured by using gamma spectrometry ( which consist of high –purity germanium detector with efficiency of 30% and resolution 2 keV for energy 1.33 MeV of 60Co ) . The results of laboratory tests for the soil elected showed absence of a significant increase in the values of the concentration for the radionuclide which back to the series of U-238 and Th-23 and showed a natural concentrations for isotope of Radium -226 especially in the samples that have been taken from the smelting furnaces ( B1,B2) ranged between (62.23 – 24.1 ) Bq / kg, respectively, that Ra-226 isotope (1600 year half life ) emitting Alpha and Gamma rays and decaying to the Radon gas.Where high concentrations of Radon gas is one of the main reasons causing lung cancer, so it is necessary to use protective equipment needed by workers in these factories.

Assignment problem is considered a well-known topic and used often in solving real problems in the areas of economic, administrative and engineering, as looking at how to distribute a certain number of resources, workers, machines ... , For a certain number of activities in an efficient manner, so as to achieve less expensive or better performance as a result of the completion of these tasks. This cost is usually deterministic in nature, while fuzzy triangular number was taken which denoted the realistic and more of a general nature in our daily lives.In order to get the best solution was to convert the fuzzy state in to the linear programming model and solved using Hungarian Methodto get the results.

The transportation models are considered as the important methods in Operations Research that play an essential role in making an optimal decision in the transport of resources, requirements, and tasks to those required, that execute those tasks to attain the least cost of transport accordingly. This task is pawned by the knowledge of the costs, requests and displayed quantities related to the process of transportation. The transportation costs and their required and displayed quantities are not clear-cut generally. For the purpose of activating the transportation models in the process of decision-making, we utilize Fuzzy theory to treatment of the transportation models use way (Robust) in the process of decision-making, which shows that the costs and required and displayed quantities are sping-tailed lizard and unclear .

This research aims to review some methods to solve the problems of fuzzy transportation and suggest a new method. This study Have compared the proposed method with three methods published in international journals with a complete solution to these methods using the (QSB)software, and compare these results with the proposed method by giving an examples in the case of the balanced and unbalanced models. The new method is the second best method after method ranks and also used real data for the application of the methods of the three in one of factories for the production and distribution of dairy, and distribution of products to the agents in the government if the data is fuzzy

The developing changes that have taken place during the second half of the twentieth century produced the new economy dominated by ideas and intangible assets and creative skills, a creative economy, which has been associated with the emergence of the knowledge economy and the increasing focus on innovation, research and development and investment in information and communication technology.Education and training as engines are essential to the economics of the century and became the creative industries sector dominant in business and commerce , and has achieved the wealth of exceptional for many Western economies, which realized its importance as a source of value -added the discussion dealt with the creative industries in the Arab world in an attempt to explore the role of economic size and research found that these industries have little attention in some Arab countries and its weak economic and earnings from a few industries as simple as that Arab countries do not have access to mechanisms and stimulate this economy.

The effect of different concentrations of Benzyl adenine (BA) (0, 0.25, 0.5, 1.0 mg/l) was studiedon two types of media (MS1, MS2), which determined with 0.25 mg/L IBA and 0.25 mg/L IAA, respectively. These were culturedon initiation and growth stageafter existed from trees of Pear Pyruscommuis L. and Apple Malus domestica Borkh( MM106) rootstocks which incubated at 25± 2 ˚C and 16 hr photo period with light intensity of 1000 Lux. Data of shoots number, length, leaf number were taken after 8 weeks. Results showed that adding of BA on two types of media caused significant effect in all characters, which BA at 1.0 mg/L superior to give highest rate of shoot number reached 1.8 shoot/ plant while, BA at 0.5 mg/L gave highest rate in shoot length and number of branch reached 2.44 cm/plant and 8.0 shoot/plant, respectively. The rootstock PyruscommuinsL. was proved to be the best than Malus domestica Borkh(MM106) rootstock in all characters at two types of medium.

This study was carried out to evaluate the effect of low power a semi-conductor He-Ne Laser 4 mw power with 635 nm length on the growth and activity of enzyme proteinase for dermatophyte Trichophyton mentagrophytes. Skin samples of 22 patients were collecting; those patients were suffering from dermatophytsis caused by the dermatophytes, three isolates were diagnosed a dermatophytes group was caused by T. mentagrophytes. The results showed the effects of He-Ne Laser rays on the growth of ideal isolate in solid and liquid media (when the viability measure in applied on the fungal cells), by exposing the three isolates to Laser radiation in different periods of 10-20 second duration, but the other two isolates gave negative results because of their weak growth. On the other hand, the process of sporulation was affected within 10-20 second radiation time; in this duration He-Ne Laser rays also affected the activity of proteinase enzyme. The results showed that the He-Ne Laser ray within 10-20 second radiation was effective in treatment of experimental skin infected with T. mentagrophytes.

The present work was aimed to study the effect of the essential oil extracted from the peels of grape fruits Citrus paradision on growth of the fungus Aspergillus flavus and production of Aflatoxin B1. Preliminary screening of 19 isolates of A. flavus showed the ability of only 10 isolates to produce AFB1. Essential oil treatment showed gradual reduction of fungal growth with the increasing concentration of the oil using different test methods. Treating the fungus with the vapour of the essential oil showed the highest inhibitory activity at percentage of inhibition on solid media reaching 90.24% when added at 0.75 ml, followed by the dilution method in liquid media which revealed higher inhibition 87.15% at concentration 1%., then the dilution method in solid medium in which the percentage inhibition reached 89.69% at concentration of 2% varying concentration of essential oil showed also reduction in fluorescence intensity of AFB1 spots produced by the efficient isolate of A. flavus on TLC plate at concentration 0.125% compared with standard AFB1. No spots revealed on TLC plate from the fungal extract treated with 0.5% essential oil.

Efficacy of serial concentrations of Metarhizium anisopliae were measured against eggs, larval instars, pupae and adults of Culex quinquefasciatus under labolatory conditions. The results showed that all insect stages were sensitive to the fungal concentrations 2.5 × 106 , 2.5 × 107 and 2.5 × 108 conidia/ml. Treating eggs with 2.5× 108 conidia/ml caused reduction its hatching percentage up to 71.03% and treating second and fourth instars larvae by mixing their foods with of M. anisopliae conidia led to ccumulative high mortality percentage reached to 100% when treating the second instar with the concentrations 2.5 × 106 and 2.5 × 108 conidia/ml. , various malformation were depicted. Infected larvae showed symptoms of sluggishness and slow in growth. Histopathological study of the dead larvae showed conidial chains in the haemocoel and the mid gut was full with conidia that mixed with food and a decomposition of walls, the blastospores were found surrounded the mid gut and a decomposition in the muscle tissue with its absence of fungal filaments. Treating mosquito pupae with 2.5 × 106 conidia/ml of M. anisopliae had an average of 65.47% mortality and various malformation level were depicted. Adult stage showed a high sensitivity against fungal conidia concentrations to ccumulative high mortality percentage reached to 100% when treated with 2.5 × 108 conidia/ml.